面向三维复杂零件工艺优化关键技术的研究
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摘要
根据现代制造业中提出的合格加工质量、高生产效率、低成本和减少对环境的负面影响等新的要求,将复杂零件的制造工艺分为加工方法、工艺路线和切削参数三个局部优化,然后利用全局优化来进行评价,得到最优的工艺。
介绍了课题的背景、来源及目的,描述了复杂零件在工艺设计与优化过程中的难点,从理论和实践展开了基于三维模型提取工艺数据并进行工艺设计与优化的研究和探索。
分析了特征技术在工艺设计中的应用,利用几何面描述复杂零件的加工特征,不仅能表达原有的特征信息,而且还能表达加工基准、定位基准等信息。以面的几何信息和制造信息作为基础数据进行工艺设计与优化,实现了基于统一数据模型的工艺设计优化及管理的目的。
采用分层的优化策略将工艺优化分解为加工方法、工艺路线和加工参数三部分。首先根据加工特征类型、加工资源能力等进行加工方法的推理;然后根据推理的结果和相关的几何与制造信息形成定量的约束矩阵,并以变换装夹、变换机床等优化目标进行加工单元顺序优化,其中以矩阵表达加工单元之间的约束关系不仅改变了定性、描述性的约束性信息难以参与运算的缺点,而且具有更高的效率和稳定性。
构建了全局的评价的方法与模型,将定性分析与定量分析相结合,构造了多个目标,并按照层次分析法,对各目标进行处理,实现工艺的全局评价,获得最佳的优化结果。
建立了动态资源模型,实现了工艺资源的动态监测,通过资源动态与静态信息,提供优化的约束条件和基础数据。
介绍了原型系统的结构与功能,以某零件进行工艺设计与优化,并分析结果的实用性。
With the modern manufacturing requirements of better quality, higher efficiency, low cost and more environment-friendly. Complex parts’manufacturing process are disassembled manufacturing methods, process route planning as well as the cutting parameters, the Global evaluation is set up with the data of local optimization, and a best result is obtained.
The background, source and research goal of this project and The difficulty of complex parts’process planning are introduced. The process design and optimization are researched and explored both in theory and practice based on the data which are picked-up from the 3D model,
The application of feature technology on modeling and process design is analyzed. By using the geometric surface sets, the feature information, manufacturing datum, location datum etc can be expressed clearly. The process is designed and optimized based on the surface geometric and manufacturing information. By this way, the object of optimization and management of process design based on the unified data model is achieved. An open data management pattern is designed. The resource constraints of the process optimization are auto-set to meet the requirement of optimization.
According to the hierarchical strategy, the optimization of process is divided into three parts: the manufacturing method, the process sequence and the manufacturing parameters optimization. First, the manufacturing method is reasoned by the type of the feature, the capability of manufacturing resources and the length of the method chain. Second, the quantitative constraint matrix is formed by the result of the reasoning, the relative geometric and manufacturing information, the sequence of manufacturing contents is optimized which aim is to reduce the time of clamping and changing of the machine. The qualitative, descriptive constraint information are usually unsuitable to used in this procedure, while the constraint which is expressed in the matrix improves the disadvantage and increases the calculate efficiency and stability.
The global evaluation is given at last. The qualitative analysis is integrated with quantitative analysis and the object functions are constructed by this way. According to the hierarchical method, the global object is optimized to achieve the global evaluation of process planning and obtained the best result.
A dynamic database is designed, with the dynamic and static data, the constraints and basic data are provided.
After introducing the prototype, the practicability of the system is testified by a complex part’s process design and optimization.
介绍了课题的背景、来源及目的,描述了复杂零件在工艺设计与优化过程中的难点,从理论和实践展开了基于三维模型提取工艺数据并进行工艺设计与优化的研究和探索。
分析了特征技术在工艺设计中的应用,利用几何面描述复杂零件的加工特征,不仅能表达原有的特征信息,而且还能表达加工基准、定位基准等信息。以面的几何信息和制造信息作为基础数据进行工艺设计与优化,实现了基于统一数据模型的工艺设计优化及管理的目的。
采用分层的优化策略将工艺优化分解为加工方法、工艺路线和加工参数三部分。首先根据加工特征类型、加工资源能力等进行加工方法的推理;然后根据推理的结果和相关的几何与制造信息形成定量的约束矩阵,并以变换装夹、变换机床等优化目标进行加工单元顺序优化,其中以矩阵表达加工单元之间的约束关系不仅改变了定性、描述性的约束性信息难以参与运算的缺点,而且具有更高的效率和稳定性。
构建了全局的评价的方法与模型,将定性分析与定量分析相结合,构造了多个目标,并按照层次分析法,对各目标进行处理,实现工艺的全局评价,获得最佳的优化结果。
建立了动态资源模型,实现了工艺资源的动态监测,通过资源动态与静态信息,提供优化的约束条件和基础数据。
介绍了原型系统的结构与功能,以某零件进行工艺设计与优化,并分析结果的实用性。
With the modern manufacturing requirements of better quality, higher efficiency, low cost and more environment-friendly. Complex parts’manufacturing process are disassembled manufacturing methods, process route planning as well as the cutting parameters, the Global evaluation is set up with the data of local optimization, and a best result is obtained.
The background, source and research goal of this project and The difficulty of complex parts’process planning are introduced. The process design and optimization are researched and explored both in theory and practice based on the data which are picked-up from the 3D model,
The application of feature technology on modeling and process design is analyzed. By using the geometric surface sets, the feature information, manufacturing datum, location datum etc can be expressed clearly. The process is designed and optimized based on the surface geometric and manufacturing information. By this way, the object of optimization and management of process design based on the unified data model is achieved. An open data management pattern is designed. The resource constraints of the process optimization are auto-set to meet the requirement of optimization.
According to the hierarchical strategy, the optimization of process is divided into three parts: the manufacturing method, the process sequence and the manufacturing parameters optimization. First, the manufacturing method is reasoned by the type of the feature, the capability of manufacturing resources and the length of the method chain. Second, the quantitative constraint matrix is formed by the result of the reasoning, the relative geometric and manufacturing information, the sequence of manufacturing contents is optimized which aim is to reduce the time of clamping and changing of the machine. The qualitative, descriptive constraint information are usually unsuitable to used in this procedure, while the constraint which is expressed in the matrix improves the disadvantage and increases the calculate efficiency and stability.
The global evaluation is given at last. The qualitative analysis is integrated with quantitative analysis and the object functions are constructed by this way. According to the hierarchical method, the global object is optimized to achieve the global evaluation of process planning and obtained the best result.
A dynamic database is designed, with the dynamic and static data, the constraints and basic data are provided.
After introducing the prototype, the practicability of the system is testified by a complex part’s process design and optimization.
引文
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[3]徐正,张国军,邵新宇.三维环境下CAD/CAPP集成方法研究与实践,机械设计与制造,2005,8:55-57.
[4] James A.Rehg, Henry W.Kraebber.Computer-Integrated Manufacturing.北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
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[6]章万国.基于遗传算法的工艺方法双层优化方法:[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学,2004.
[7]张建设.工艺方法动态全局优化方法研究:[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学,2007.
[8]陈万领.基于知识的CAPP系统关键技术研究与应用:[博士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学博士论文,2007.
[9]乔建民.面向工艺信息化CAPP技术的研究:[博士学位论文].西安:西北工业大学,2001.
[10]蔡力钢,李培根.回转类零件基于分级约束的加工方法排序算法.机械工程学报,2000.2,36(2):42-46.
[11]张伯鹏.数字化制造是先进制造技术的核心技术.制造业自动化,2000,22(02):1-5.
[12]蔡力钢,李培根等.基于网络与数据库的CAPP集成平台.高技术通讯,1999,9(7):9-11.
[13]蔡力钢,李培根等.基于Web的CAPP若干关键技术.中国机械工程,2000,11(5):516-519.
[14]章万国,蔡力钢,高亮等.基于三维的定量化CAPP及其关键技术研究.中国机械工程,2003,14(22):1296—1299.
[15]史俊友.基于PDM的三维变型工艺设计系统的研究.机械工程与自动化,2006,8,4(137):4-7.
[16]王磊.基于特征的CAD/CAPP集成技术研究:[硕士学位论文].昆明:昆明理工大学,2007.
[17]陆进琼,梁少明.CAPP系统中加工方法的优化决策及其实现.广西大学学报,1999,24:184-187.
[18]颉潭成,徐彦伟,李庆军等.基于模糊综合评判的零件特征加工方法决策研究.农业机械学报,2005,36(8):129-131.
[19]颉潭成,李庆军,李宝栋等.基于遗传算法的零件特征加工方法决策系统.农业机械学报,2005,36(9):119-122.
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