高速公路声屏障的适用性研究
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摘要
高速公路的建设和运营,既带动了区域经济的快速发展,又给沿线居民、学校、医院等敏感点带来了噪声污染。声屏障由于其具有占用空间较少、降噪显著的特点,在高速公路上得到了大量的使用,但大多数设计极其不合理,在声屏障设计、选型和材料构造选择上比较随意和盲目。国外,已经形成了比较完善的设计和选型规范;而国内由于对高速公路声屏障研究才刚刚起步,适用性的研究还是一片空白,所以有必要对我国高速公路声屏障的适用性进行研究。
本文在汲取国内外研究成果并总结现有高速公路环保实践经验的基础上,通过大量的调查研究,对高速公路声屏障分别据形式、材料、构造及所处地区进行了详细分类与归纳,并对声屏障构造进行了举例,绘出了声屏障构造图,为我国声屏障设计提供具有实际应用价值的数据库;综合国内外目前声屏障选型设计经验,给出声屏障专家评价系统评价的标准及方法,研究和开发了声屏障的选型及评价系统,使声屏障的设计更具规范化和科学性,尽量发挥声屏障设计的技术效能。以声波压强公式和衍射理论为基础对高速公路声屏障绕射损失理论进行了推导,推导出了有限长声屏障的计算公式并实现了程序化计算,和规范的算法进行了对照,虽然两者相差不大,但公式计算要更简单准确,通过合徐高速路堤单侧声屏障实测验证了高速公路声屏障采用计算公式是可行的。最后根据以上内容,举一工程实例,对我国高速公路声屏障设计具有实用意义。
本文给出了高速公路声屏障声学设计的计算公式,建立了高速公路声屏障的综合评价体系。通过声学设计确定了高速公路声屏障的几何形状和位置,通过综合评价体系选择了适合的声屏障的材料和构造,使设计的高速公路声屏障更加合理和适用。
The construction of expressway leads to the fast development of regional economy yet causes noise pollution to the sensitive spots of citizens, school, and hospitals, etc. along the road. Noise barriers, occupying less space and lowering more noises, are much adopted. However, most of them are unreasonably designed. Abroad, comprehensive noise barriers design and lectotype regulations have been established, while in China, research on noise barriers is on the first step, to say nothing of the research on its applicability. So, it is necessary to have such research. This thesis, based on the research achievements abroad and at home and the experience of expressway environmental protection, has a close classification of noise barriers according to their forms, materials, structure and locations, through much investigation. It also has the samples to draw structural graphic of noise barriers, thus to provide valuable and practical date base. The thesis, based on the designing experience of noise barriers, provides the experts' evaluation criterion and methods and develops noise barriers evaluation system, thus makes their designing more normalized and scientific. , It also deduces the theory of noise barriers' diffraction loss, based on the formula of sound wave pressure and the theory of diffraction, getting the programmed formula of finite sound barriers and making it be compared with conventional calculation. Though there is only fine distinction between them, formula calculation is simpler and more exact, and it is turns out to be feasible through the experience of noise barriers along one side of He-Xu (Hefei to Xuzhou) Expressway. Last, the thesis has a project as sample, according to the work above, thus has significance to the noise barriers design of expressways in China.The thesis shows the acoustic design formula of noise barriers, thus sets up comprehensive evaluation system. It makes the geometrical figure and location of noise barriers through acoustic design, and chooses appropriate materials and structure of noise barriers through the evaluation system, so to make the expressway with such design more rational and applicable.
本文在汲取国内外研究成果并总结现有高速公路环保实践经验的基础上,通过大量的调查研究,对高速公路声屏障分别据形式、材料、构造及所处地区进行了详细分类与归纳,并对声屏障构造进行了举例,绘出了声屏障构造图,为我国声屏障设计提供具有实际应用价值的数据库;综合国内外目前声屏障选型设计经验,给出声屏障专家评价系统评价的标准及方法,研究和开发了声屏障的选型及评价系统,使声屏障的设计更具规范化和科学性,尽量发挥声屏障设计的技术效能。以声波压强公式和衍射理论为基础对高速公路声屏障绕射损失理论进行了推导,推导出了有限长声屏障的计算公式并实现了程序化计算,和规范的算法进行了对照,虽然两者相差不大,但公式计算要更简单准确,通过合徐高速路堤单侧声屏障实测验证了高速公路声屏障采用计算公式是可行的。最后根据以上内容,举一工程实例,对我国高速公路声屏障设计具有实用意义。
本文给出了高速公路声屏障声学设计的计算公式,建立了高速公路声屏障的综合评价体系。通过声学设计确定了高速公路声屏障的几何形状和位置,通过综合评价体系选择了适合的声屏障的材料和构造,使设计的高速公路声屏障更加合理和适用。
The construction of expressway leads to the fast development of regional economy yet causes noise pollution to the sensitive spots of citizens, school, and hospitals, etc. along the road. Noise barriers, occupying less space and lowering more noises, are much adopted. However, most of them are unreasonably designed. Abroad, comprehensive noise barriers design and lectotype regulations have been established, while in China, research on noise barriers is on the first step, to say nothing of the research on its applicability. So, it is necessary to have such research. This thesis, based on the research achievements abroad and at home and the experience of expressway environmental protection, has a close classification of noise barriers according to their forms, materials, structure and locations, through much investigation. It also has the samples to draw structural graphic of noise barriers, thus to provide valuable and practical date base. The thesis, based on the designing experience of noise barriers, provides the experts' evaluation criterion and methods and develops noise barriers evaluation system, thus makes their designing more normalized and scientific. , It also deduces the theory of noise barriers' diffraction loss, based on the formula of sound wave pressure and the theory of diffraction, getting the programmed formula of finite sound barriers and making it be compared with conventional calculation. Though there is only fine distinction between them, formula calculation is simpler and more exact, and it is turns out to be feasible through the experience of noise barriers along one side of He-Xu (Hefei to Xuzhou) Expressway. Last, the thesis has a project as sample, according to the work above, thus has significance to the noise barriers design of expressways in China.The thesis shows the acoustic design formula of noise barriers, thus sets up comprehensive evaluation system. It makes the geometrical figure and location of noise barriers through acoustic design, and chooses appropriate materials and structure of noise barriers through the evaluation system, so to make the expressway with such design more rational and applicable.
引文
[1] 2000 Institute of Noise Control Engineering. Noise Control Eng. J. 48(5), 2000 Sep-Oct
[2] William Bow lby. Traffic Noise Barrier in the United States. Inter-noise, 1980, 575, 46～53
[3] May D N, Osman M M. Highway Noise Barrier. Transp Research Rec, 1983, 937, 45～52
[4] D. H. crombie, D. C. Hothersall. Multiple-Edge Noise Barriers. Acoustics, 1995, (44), 353～367
[5] Pichai Pamanikabud, Marupong Tansatcha. Geographical information system for traffic noise analysis and forecasting with the appearance of barriers. Environmental Modelling and Software, 2003(18), 959～973
[6] 张玉芬.道路交通环境工程.北京:人民交通出版社,2001
[7] 刘惠玲.环境噪声控制.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2002,10
[8] 钟祥璋.建筑吸声材料与隔声材料.北京:化学工业出版社,2004,10
[9] 方守恩.高速公路.北京:人民交通出版社.2002,9
[10] 孙志强.有限长公路声屏障:[硕士学位论文].西安:长安大学,2001
[11] 梁艳.公路桥梁交通噪声及其控制研究:[硕士学位论文].西安:长安大学,2003
[12] 黄述芳.公路声屏障选型及其综合评价的研究:[硕士学位论文].西安:长安大学,2002
[13] 吴霖.城市道路声屏障的研究与设计:[硕士学位论文].合肥:合肥工业大学,2003
[14] 卢向明.道路声屏障声学特性与声学设计研究:[硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2004
[15] 刘书套,高速公路环境保护与绿化.北京:人民交通出版社,2001,10
[16] 张瑞华,郭志云,周兆驹.高速公路交通噪声声源特性分析研究.交通世界.2005,7,54～57
[17] 郑耀斌,周兆驹.高车流量公路声屏障绕射衰减理论模型与计算.噪声与振动控制.2005,8(4),35～42
[18] 杨满宏,罗宏剑.不同声学元件在公路声屏障中的应用.环境工程,1999,6,17(3),15～16
[19] 杨满宏.声屏障对公路交通噪声衰减理论模型的研究.交通环保,1996,(6),17～20
[20] 钟祥璋,莫方朔.FC轻质复合墙板的隔声性.新型墙体材料与施工,2001,10,7～8
[21] 唐旭东.QTC轻质复合砌块在框架结构填充墙的应用.施工技术,2005,5,17～19
[22] 杨满宏.不同声学元件在公路声屏障中的应用.污染防治技术.1999,12,12(4),215～216
[23] 杨满宏,刘书套.彩钢复合板公路声屏障材料声学性能研究.噪声与振动控制.1999,10,(5),39～44
[24] 张彬,宋雷鸣,张新华.城市道路声屏障研究与设计.噪声与振动控制.2005,8,(4),32～35
[25] 赵敬源,张玉芬.道路声屏障材料构造形式性能的综合评.基建优化.2004,10,25(5),38～40
[26] 林观辉,甘健彪,欧世铨.高速公路声屏障降噪声场的分布特性.城市管理与科技.2003, 5(2),69～70
[27] 冯雄辉,王珺,叶颖.高速公路新型艺术隔音隔离墙的设计与应用.中南公路工程.2004,6,29(2),103～105
[28] 郭志云,左志武.高速公路营运期交通噪声污染与防治措施.山东交通科技.2002(1),92～94
[29] 张兰军.贵黄公路声屏障降噪效果测试分析与建议.华东公路.1998,2,(1),78～80
[30] 陈端石.国外声屏障研究的若干动向.噪声与振动控制.1996,4(2),21～25
[31] 范锦忠.轻集料混凝土砌块绿色生态型声屏障发展概论.建筑砌块与砌块建筑.2003(5),5～8
[32] 钟样璋,莫方朔.铝纤维吸声板的材料特性及应用.新型建筑材料.2000,11,19～22
[33] 王子麟,李华,陈茂松.空心砖声屏障工程设计.河南交通科技.1999,8,19(4),46～48
[34] 张鹏飞,姚成.高速公路与城市道路沿线交通噪声对环境的污染分析.城市环境与城市生态1999,6,12(3),29～31
[35] 周海燕.新型声屏障材料泡沫陶瓷.环境保护科学.2002,8,28(112),42～44
[36] 董玉梅.谈高速公路噪声控制的方法与措施.工程建设与设计.2002,(5),30～31
[37] 邵军,沙家正,张自力.声屏障和有源噪声控制声屏障.应用声学.1997,7,15(6),41～44
[38] 宫本贤.声屏障隔声量的计算方法与设计.噪声与振动控制.1997,10,(3),41～44
[39] 管亦天,吴芳.深汕高速公路西段声屏障工程.交通环保.1999,4,20(2),24～26
[40] 邓德华,李新辉,沈宪光.轻质夹层复合实芯墙板的性能与应用.新型建筑材料.2002,3,39～41
[41] 王祖东.轻型泰柏板隔音墙.中南公路工程.1998,9,23(3),63～65
[42] 中华人民共和国交通部.JTJ/T 006—98.公路环境保护设计规范.人民交通出版社,1998.12-01
[43] 中华人民共和国国家环保局.HJ/T90—2004.声屏障声学设计和测量规范.中国环境出版社,2005-10-28
[44] 国道主干线北京-福州安徽凤阳西泉街-朱圩子段高速公路工程竣工环境保护验收调查报告.北京:交通部环境保护中心.2005,5
[45] 升金湖自然保护区实验区段专题评价报告.北京:交通部环境保护中心.2005,2
[2] William Bow lby. Traffic Noise Barrier in the United States. Inter-noise, 1980, 575, 46～53
[3] May D N, Osman M M. Highway Noise Barrier. Transp Research Rec, 1983, 937, 45～52
[4] D. H. crombie, D. C. Hothersall. Multiple-Edge Noise Barriers. Acoustics, 1995, (44), 353～367
[5] Pichai Pamanikabud, Marupong Tansatcha. Geographical information system for traffic noise analysis and forecasting with the appearance of barriers. Environmental Modelling and Software, 2003(18), 959～973
[6] 张玉芬.道路交通环境工程.北京:人民交通出版社,2001
[7] 刘惠玲.环境噪声控制.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2002,10
[8] 钟祥璋.建筑吸声材料与隔声材料.北京:化学工业出版社,2004,10
[9] 方守恩.高速公路.北京:人民交通出版社.2002,9
[10] 孙志强.有限长公路声屏障:[硕士学位论文].西安:长安大学,2001
[11] 梁艳.公路桥梁交通噪声及其控制研究:[硕士学位论文].西安:长安大学,2003
[12] 黄述芳.公路声屏障选型及其综合评价的研究:[硕士学位论文].西安:长安大学,2002
[13] 吴霖.城市道路声屏障的研究与设计:[硕士学位论文].合肥:合肥工业大学,2003
[14] 卢向明.道路声屏障声学特性与声学设计研究:[硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2004
[15] 刘书套,高速公路环境保护与绿化.北京:人民交通出版社,2001,10
[16] 张瑞华,郭志云,周兆驹.高速公路交通噪声声源特性分析研究.交通世界.2005,7,54～57
[17] 郑耀斌,周兆驹.高车流量公路声屏障绕射衰减理论模型与计算.噪声与振动控制.2005,8(4),35～42
[18] 杨满宏,罗宏剑.不同声学元件在公路声屏障中的应用.环境工程,1999,6,17(3),15～16
[19] 杨满宏.声屏障对公路交通噪声衰减理论模型的研究.交通环保,1996,(6),17～20
[20] 钟祥璋,莫方朔.FC轻质复合墙板的隔声性.新型墙体材料与施工,2001,10,7～8
[21] 唐旭东.QTC轻质复合砌块在框架结构填充墙的应用.施工技术,2005,5,17～19
[22] 杨满宏.不同声学元件在公路声屏障中的应用.污染防治技术.1999,12,12(4),215～216
[23] 杨满宏,刘书套.彩钢复合板公路声屏障材料声学性能研究.噪声与振动控制.1999,10,(5),39～44
[24] 张彬,宋雷鸣,张新华.城市道路声屏障研究与设计.噪声与振动控制.2005,8,(4),32～35
[25] 赵敬源,张玉芬.道路声屏障材料构造形式性能的综合评.基建优化.2004,10,25(5),38～40
[26] 林观辉,甘健彪,欧世铨.高速公路声屏障降噪声场的分布特性.城市管理与科技.2003, 5(2),69～70
[27] 冯雄辉,王珺,叶颖.高速公路新型艺术隔音隔离墙的设计与应用.中南公路工程.2004,6,29(2),103～105
[28] 郭志云,左志武.高速公路营运期交通噪声污染与防治措施.山东交通科技.2002(1),92～94
[29] 张兰军.贵黄公路声屏障降噪效果测试分析与建议.华东公路.1998,2,(1),78～80
[30] 陈端石.国外声屏障研究的若干动向.噪声与振动控制.1996,4(2),21～25
[31] 范锦忠.轻集料混凝土砌块绿色生态型声屏障发展概论.建筑砌块与砌块建筑.2003(5),5～8
[32] 钟样璋,莫方朔.铝纤维吸声板的材料特性及应用.新型建筑材料.2000,11,19～22
[33] 王子麟,李华,陈茂松.空心砖声屏障工程设计.河南交通科技.1999,8,19(4),46～48
[34] 张鹏飞,姚成.高速公路与城市道路沿线交通噪声对环境的污染分析.城市环境与城市生态1999,6,12(3),29～31
[35] 周海燕.新型声屏障材料泡沫陶瓷.环境保护科学.2002,8,28(112),42～44
[36] 董玉梅.谈高速公路噪声控制的方法与措施.工程建设与设计.2002,(5),30～31
[37] 邵军,沙家正,张自力.声屏障和有源噪声控制声屏障.应用声学.1997,7,15(6),41～44
[38] 宫本贤.声屏障隔声量的计算方法与设计.噪声与振动控制.1997,10,(3),41～44
[39] 管亦天,吴芳.深汕高速公路西段声屏障工程.交通环保.1999,4,20(2),24～26
[40] 邓德华,李新辉,沈宪光.轻质夹层复合实芯墙板的性能与应用.新型建筑材料.2002,3,39～41
[41] 王祖东.轻型泰柏板隔音墙.中南公路工程.1998,9,23(3),63～65
[42] 中华人民共和国交通部.JTJ/T 006—98.公路环境保护设计规范.人民交通出版社,1998.12-01
[43] 中华人民共和国国家环保局.HJ/T90—2004.声屏障声学设计和测量规范.中国环境出版社,2005-10-28
[44] 国道主干线北京-福州安徽凤阳西泉街-朱圩子段高速公路工程竣工环境保护验收调查报告.北京:交通部环境保护中心.2005,5
[45] 升金湖自然保护区实验区段专题评价报告.北京:交通部环境保护中心.2005,2