基于二维条码QR码的编码及图像处理技术的研究
摘要
随着信息技术的快速发展，条码在社会生活的各种领域中得到了广泛的应用，极大提高了各行业的生产工作效率。条码识别技术是以条码理论、光电技术、计算机技术和通信技术为基础的综合性技术，是信息数据自动输入和识别的重要手段。当今世界，二维条码技术逐渐成为条码技术领域的主流。目前国际上使用的二维条码有好几种，其中，QR码因其识别速度快、可全方位识读等优点获得广泛应用，本论文将选取QR码作为研究对象。
本论文的主要任务是基于二维条码的码制标准的基础上，实现对信息数据的二位编码，并利用图像处理技术校正二维条码图像，使其得到高速准确识别。本论文的研究目的和内容是通过分析QR码的符号结构和编码规则，用C++模拟实现了数据的编码；在图像处理方面，提出有效的QR码图像二值化算法，消除了光照不均对条码图像的影响；采用改进的Canny算子和Hough变换对图像进行边缘检测并定位条码符号，将条码从原始图像中分离出来，最后运用差值运算对图像进行校正，使其得到正确解码。
With the rapid development of information technology, bar code is usedwidely in the various fields of social life, and it greatly enhances the workefficiency of every industry. Bar code identification technology is acomprehensive technology based on computer technology, informationtechnology and photoelectric sensing technology. It now becomes veryimportant mean of data automatic inputting and identification. At present, twodimensional bar code technologies has become the mainstream in the bar codetechnology field. There are several kinds of two dimensional bar code is beingused in the world, QR Code become commonly used bar code technologybecause its advantage such as fastly identification and omnidirectional readingability. This paper will select QR code as researching object.
The task of this paper is based on the standard of two dimensional bar codesystem to realize the information encoding which, and adopt image processingtechnology to revise the two-dimension al code, make the bar code speedily andaccurately identify. The purpose of this paper is to encode information data andusing C++to realize it by analyzing the symbol structure of QR Code and theencoding rules; it puts forward an effective algorithm of QR Code binarizationto eliminate the effect of non-uniform illumination; and adopt an improvedCanny operator and Hough algorithm for edge detection and barcodelocation;finally,use interpolation algorithm on image correction, make the barcode speedily and accurately identify.
本论文的主要任务是基于二维条码的码制标准的基础上，实现对信息数据的二位编码，并利用图像处理技术校正二维条码图像，使其得到高速准确识别。本论文的研究目的和内容是通过分析QR码的符号结构和编码规则，用C++模拟实现了数据的编码；在图像处理方面，提出有效的QR码图像二值化算法，消除了光照不均对条码图像的影响；采用改进的Canny算子和Hough变换对图像进行边缘检测并定位条码符号，将条码从原始图像中分离出来，最后运用差值运算对图像进行校正，使其得到正确解码。
With the rapid development of information technology, bar code is usedwidely in the various fields of social life, and it greatly enhances the workefficiency of every industry. Bar code identification technology is acomprehensive technology based on computer technology, informationtechnology and photoelectric sensing technology. It now becomes veryimportant mean of data automatic inputting and identification. At present, twodimensional bar code technologies has become the mainstream in the bar codetechnology field. There are several kinds of two dimensional bar code is beingused in the world, QR Code become commonly used bar code technologybecause its advantage such as fastly identification and omnidirectional readingability. This paper will select QR code as researching object.
The task of this paper is based on the standard of two dimensional bar codesystem to realize the information encoding which, and adopt image processingtechnology to revise the two-dimension al code, make the bar code speedily andaccurately identify. The purpose of this paper is to encode information data andusing C++to realize it by analyzing the symbol structure of QR Code and theencoding rules; it puts forward an effective algorithm of QR Code binarizationto eliminate the effect of non-uniform illumination; and adopt an improvedCanny operator and Hough algorithm for edge detection and barcodelocation;finally,use interpolation algorithm on image correction, make the barcode speedily and accurately identify.
引文
[1]GB/T18284-2000,快速响应矩阵码国家标准[S].北京：中国标准出版社，2001.
[2]王新梅,肖国镇.纠错码原理与方法.[M]西安电子科技出版社,1996.
[3]杨杰,付忠良,阮波.照度不均匀图像的快速自适应灰度修正[J]计算机应用,25(3):598-602.
[4]王建平,王竹林,王金玲.一种非均匀光照度图像字符二值化小波分析法[J].安徽科技,2005(5):50-51.
[5]刘慧娟.一种快速响应码图像的分割和校正方法[J].电子测量与仪器学报,2006(1):35-38.
[6]郑河荣,熊丽荣,王天舟.基于HOUGH变换的二维条码图像校正.[J]浙江工业大学学报,2003(2),169-172.
[7]胡孝鹏,董强,于忠情.QR码识别中图像处理方法的研究及软件实现.[J]西安计算机技术与发展,2006.10:VoL16:288-290.
[8]窦勤颖,姚青.条码技术的发展及其应用.[J]计算机工程,2003,25(5):50-52.
[9]刘东,高西全.QR码图像处理及识别算法的研究[J].信息技术.2004.28(1):61-63.
[10]高守传,姚领田等.Visual C++实践与提高（数字图像处理与工程应用篇）[M].北京:中国铁道出版社.2006.1
[11]荣光澳.计算机图像处理[M].北京：清华大学出版社.2000.
[12]刘悦,刘明业,刘明军.快速响应矩阵码自动识别算法的设计[J].计算机系统应用,2006(6):43-46.
[13]潘梅森,荣秋生.SOFM神经网络的图像融合的二值化方法[J].光学精密z程,2007,15(3):99～104.
[14]黄宏博，佟丽娟.QR码编码的面向对象的设计与实现[J].计算机工程.2003.29(1):93-95.
[15]景晓军.图像处理技术及其应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社.2005.
[16]瞿洋.Hough变换OCR图像倾斜矫正方法[J].中国图像图形学报.2001.6(2):178-181
[17]康志亮.基于小波的红外图像增强算法研究[D].成都：电子科技大学，2005.
[18]孙贤慧,罗飞路,张玉华.基于小波变换和同态滤波的内窥图像增强算法[J].探测与控制学报,2008(5):32-34.
[19]FATTAL R,LISCHINSKI D,WERMAN M.Gradient domain high dynamic rangecompression[C]Proc of the29thAnnual Conference on Computer Graphica and InteractiveTechniques.New York:ACM Press,2002:249-256.
[20]Ostu N.A threshold selection method from gray-level histo-grams[J].IEEE TransictionsOil Systems,Man and Cybernetics,1979/9(1):62-66.
[21]吕俊哲.图像二值化算法研究及其实现[J].科技情报开发与经济,2004,(12).
[22]陈丹,张峰,贺贵明.一种改进的文本二值化算法[J].计算机工程,2003,29(13):85-86.
[23]Yanowitz S D,Bruckstein A M.A new method for image segmentation[J].ComputerGraphics,Vision and Image Processing,1989(46):82-95.
[24]Sauvola J,Pietikainen M.Adaptive document image binarization[J].PatternRecognition,2000(33):225-236.
[25]Liu Jieping,Yu Yinglin.A flexible method for image noise removal[J].Joural of SouthChina University Technology,2000,28(2):60～63.
[26] A Piva, M Barni,F Bartolini, V Cappellini. DCT-based watermark recovering withoutresorting to the uncorrupted original image[A].Proceedings of4th IEEE InternationalConference on Image Processing ICIP’97[C].Santa Barbara,CA,USA:ICIP,1997.
[27] Zhong wei.Image watermarking using Legendre array[J].Journal of china institute ofcommunications,2001,22(1):1～6.
[28]王娜,李霞.一种新的改进Canny边缘检测算法[J].深圳大学学报理工版,2005(4)32-34.
[29]欧阳庆.不均匀光照下车牌图像二值化研究[J].武汉大学学报,2006(8):143-146
[30]吴建华,李迟生,周卫星.中值滤波与均值滤波的去噪性能比较[J].南昌大学学报,1998(3):32-35.
[31]黄婷婷.QR码识别方法研究.[D].中南大学硕士论文，2007.
[2]王新梅,肖国镇.纠错码原理与方法.[M]西安电子科技出版社,1996.
[3]杨杰,付忠良,阮波.照度不均匀图像的快速自适应灰度修正[J]计算机应用,25(3):598-602.
[4]王建平,王竹林,王金玲.一种非均匀光照度图像字符二值化小波分析法[J].安徽科技,2005(5):50-51.
[5]刘慧娟.一种快速响应码图像的分割和校正方法[J].电子测量与仪器学报,2006(1):35-38.
[6]郑河荣,熊丽荣,王天舟.基于HOUGH变换的二维条码图像校正.[J]浙江工业大学学报,2003(2),169-172.
[7]胡孝鹏,董强,于忠情.QR码识别中图像处理方法的研究及软件实现.[J]西安计算机技术与发展,2006.10:VoL16:288-290.
[8]窦勤颖,姚青.条码技术的发展及其应用.[J]计算机工程,2003,25(5):50-52.
[9]刘东,高西全.QR码图像处理及识别算法的研究[J].信息技术.2004.28(1):61-63.
[10]高守传,姚领田等.Visual C++实践与提高（数字图像处理与工程应用篇）[M].北京:中国铁道出版社.2006.1
[11]荣光澳.计算机图像处理[M].北京：清华大学出版社.2000.
[12]刘悦,刘明业,刘明军.快速响应矩阵码自动识别算法的设计[J].计算机系统应用,2006(6):43-46.
[13]潘梅森,荣秋生.SOFM神经网络的图像融合的二值化方法[J].光学精密z程,2007,15(3):99～104.
[14]黄宏博，佟丽娟.QR码编码的面向对象的设计与实现[J].计算机工程.2003.29(1):93-95.
[15]景晓军.图像处理技术及其应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社.2005.
[16]瞿洋.Hough变换OCR图像倾斜矫正方法[J].中国图像图形学报.2001.6(2):178-181
[17]康志亮.基于小波的红外图像增强算法研究[D].成都：电子科技大学，2005.
[18]孙贤慧,罗飞路,张玉华.基于小波变换和同态滤波的内窥图像增强算法[J].探测与控制学报,2008(5):32-34.
[19]FATTAL R,LISCHINSKI D,WERMAN M.Gradient domain high dynamic rangecompression[C]Proc of the29thAnnual Conference on Computer Graphica and InteractiveTechniques.New York:ACM Press,2002:249-256.
[20]Ostu N.A threshold selection method from gray-level histo-grams[J].IEEE TransictionsOil Systems,Man and Cybernetics,1979/9(1):62-66.
[21]吕俊哲.图像二值化算法研究及其实现[J].科技情报开发与经济,2004,(12).
[22]陈丹,张峰,贺贵明.一种改进的文本二值化算法[J].计算机工程,2003,29(13):85-86.
[23]Yanowitz S D,Bruckstein A M.A new method for image segmentation[J].ComputerGraphics,Vision and Image Processing,1989(46):82-95.
[24]Sauvola J,Pietikainen M.Adaptive document image binarization[J].PatternRecognition,2000(33):225-236.
[25]Liu Jieping,Yu Yinglin.A flexible method for image noise removal[J].Joural of SouthChina University Technology,2000,28(2):60～63.
[26] A Piva, M Barni,F Bartolini, V Cappellini. DCT-based watermark recovering withoutresorting to the uncorrupted original image[A].Proceedings of4th IEEE InternationalConference on Image Processing ICIP’97[C].Santa Barbara,CA,USA:ICIP,1997.
[27] Zhong wei.Image watermarking using Legendre array[J].Journal of china institute ofcommunications,2001,22(1):1～6.
[28]王娜,李霞.一种新的改进Canny边缘检测算法[J].深圳大学学报理工版,2005(4)32-34.
[29]欧阳庆.不均匀光照下车牌图像二值化研究[J].武汉大学学报,2006(8):143-146
[30]吴建华,李迟生,周卫星.中值滤波与均值滤波的去噪性能比较[J].南昌大学学报,1998(3):32-35.
[31]黄婷婷.QR码识别方法研究.[D].中南大学硕士论文，2007.