基于螺旋线的岩土变形分布式测量技术研究
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摘要
近几年来重大地质灾害事件频发对广大人民群众的生命和财产安全构成了严重的威胁。为了有效分析和评估地质灾害发生的风险,及时发布预警信息,由各类传感器构成的地质灾害监测系统正在全国各地广泛的建立起来。其中,岩土变形监测传感器是地质灾害监测系统的重要组成部分。
当前岩土变形监测技术种类很多,各类传感器都其各自的优缺点和适用范围。岩土变形的发生在空间上具有不确定性,实际监测中需要一种分布式的测量技术。然而,光纤分布式变形监测技术由于局部变形量有限,在实际监测中容易发生断裂,无法完全满足地表变形分布式测量需要。针对上述问题,在研究当前各种时域反射测量探头的基础上,提出了一种基于时域反射技术的单层双线并绕螺旋线结构的岩土变形分布式测量电缆。该测量电缆由硅胶内芯、单层双线并绕螺旋线和外部硅胶保护套共同构成。与硬制探针型和圆柱容器型探头相比,螺旋线测量电缆可以实现结构变形的分布式测量；与同轴电缆的局部剪切变形测量相比,螺旋线可以用于局部拉伸变形测量而且在一定的拉伸范围内不会发生断裂。因此,螺旋线更加适合于地表岩土拉伸变形的分布式测量。
测量探头的特性阻抗与其被测参数之间的相互关系是时域反射测量的基础。当前圆柱型和探针型探头的特性阻抗与其周围介质的介电常数之间的关系已经得到深入的研究,同轴电缆的截面变形与特性阻抗间的关系也得到了理论分析。因此,研究螺旋线拉伸变形与特性阻抗间的关系变得非常重要。针对这一关键问题,在分析一般传输线特性阻抗构成的基础上,提出了螺旋线特性阻抗的理论计算方法,并证明了螺旋线的特性阻抗随拉伸变形而增大。论文进一步通过精密阻抗分析仪和阶跃信号时域反射两种实验方法验证上述结论。
时域反射测量技术在实际应用中分为脉冲时域反射和阶跃时域反射两种。在研究理想传输线局部阻抗不连续情况下时域反射波形的基础上,论文从上述两个方面对螺旋线时域反射波形进行了研究。通过脉冲时域反射波形的研究,发现螺旋线在拉伸区间较小时可以有效定位变形区间的位置。通过阶跃时域反射波形的研究,提出了阶跃反射波形差分处理方法,并在此基础上给出了反射尖峰幅值与螺旋线拉伸长度、拉伸区间位置、拉伸区间长度之间的关系。最后,利用差分阶跃反射波形测试了螺旋线的变形区间的定位能力。
Across the country in recent years, the frequent occurrence of geological disaster events constitute a serious threat to life and property safety of human being. In order to effectively analysis and risk assessment of geological disasters timely dissemination of early warning information, geological disaster monitoring system that includes various types of sensors are set up in the various geological disaster point. Geotechnical deformation monitoring sensor is an important part of the geological disaster monitoring system.
At present, there are many kinds of geotechnical deformation sensors, such as GPS. The various types of sensors have their respective characteristics and application range. Due to the uncertainty of the geotechnical deformation occurred in the space, so sometimes deformation distributed measurement technology is necessary in actual geotechnical monitoring. Distributed fiber measurement techniques, due to the very limited amount of local deformation, will break in geotechnical deformation monitoring. In response to these problems, based on the research of present TDR sensing cables, a single layer spiral structure TDR sensing cable for the geotechnical deformation distributed measurement is first proposed. The sensing cable consists of silicone inner core, single layer spiral wires and external silicone rubber pipe. Compared with the traditional parallel structure probe, the spiral cable can detect distributed structural deformation caused by tensility. Compared with the coaxial cable used in measuring localized shear deformation measurement, the spiral cable can be used for the local tensile deformation measurement and is not broken in a certain tensile range. Therefore, the spiral cable is more suitable in the surface geotechnical tensile deformation distributed measurement.
TDR sensing cable measurement is based on the corresponding relationship between the characteristic impedance of the measurement cables to their measured parameters. The relationship between the characteristic impedance of the parallel structure of the probe to the dielectric constant of the surrounding medium has been the in-depth study. The relationship between the deformation and the characteristic impedance of the coaxial cable cross-section has also been a theoretical analysis. To research the relationship between the tensile deformation and characteristic impedance of spiral cable becomes very important. Based on the analysis of general transmission line characteristic impedance, a theoretical calculation method of spiral cable's characteristic impedance is proposed. The result shows that the characteristic impedance of the spiral increases in the tensile deformation. Further, the paper verify the above conclusion with precision impedance analyzer and step signal two experimental method.
TDR measurement technique is divided into pulse signal time domain reflectometry and step signal domain reflectometry in the practical applications. Based on the spiral cable characteristic impedance conclusion, TDR waves are researched from the above two angles. Pulse signal TDR experiments show that the spiral cable with smaller stretching interval can effectively locate the position of the stretching interval from the reflected waveform. A difference processing method is proposed for step signal TDR waveform analysis. Based on this method, the relationship between the reflection peak amplitude and stretched length, stretching the section position, stretching interval length is analyzed. Finally, the differential step reflected waveforms is used to locate the deformation interval.
当前岩土变形监测技术种类很多,各类传感器都其各自的优缺点和适用范围。岩土变形的发生在空间上具有不确定性,实际监测中需要一种分布式的测量技术。然而,光纤分布式变形监测技术由于局部变形量有限,在实际监测中容易发生断裂,无法完全满足地表变形分布式测量需要。针对上述问题,在研究当前各种时域反射测量探头的基础上,提出了一种基于时域反射技术的单层双线并绕螺旋线结构的岩土变形分布式测量电缆。该测量电缆由硅胶内芯、单层双线并绕螺旋线和外部硅胶保护套共同构成。与硬制探针型和圆柱容器型探头相比,螺旋线测量电缆可以实现结构变形的分布式测量；与同轴电缆的局部剪切变形测量相比,螺旋线可以用于局部拉伸变形测量而且在一定的拉伸范围内不会发生断裂。因此,螺旋线更加适合于地表岩土拉伸变形的分布式测量。
测量探头的特性阻抗与其被测参数之间的相互关系是时域反射测量的基础。当前圆柱型和探针型探头的特性阻抗与其周围介质的介电常数之间的关系已经得到深入的研究,同轴电缆的截面变形与特性阻抗间的关系也得到了理论分析。因此,研究螺旋线拉伸变形与特性阻抗间的关系变得非常重要。针对这一关键问题,在分析一般传输线特性阻抗构成的基础上,提出了螺旋线特性阻抗的理论计算方法,并证明了螺旋线的特性阻抗随拉伸变形而增大。论文进一步通过精密阻抗分析仪和阶跃信号时域反射两种实验方法验证上述结论。
时域反射测量技术在实际应用中分为脉冲时域反射和阶跃时域反射两种。在研究理想传输线局部阻抗不连续情况下时域反射波形的基础上,论文从上述两个方面对螺旋线时域反射波形进行了研究。通过脉冲时域反射波形的研究,发现螺旋线在拉伸区间较小时可以有效定位变形区间的位置。通过阶跃时域反射波形的研究,提出了阶跃反射波形差分处理方法,并在此基础上给出了反射尖峰幅值与螺旋线拉伸长度、拉伸区间位置、拉伸区间长度之间的关系。最后,利用差分阶跃反射波形测试了螺旋线的变形区间的定位能力。
Across the country in recent years, the frequent occurrence of geological disaster events constitute a serious threat to life and property safety of human being. In order to effectively analysis and risk assessment of geological disasters timely dissemination of early warning information, geological disaster monitoring system that includes various types of sensors are set up in the various geological disaster point. Geotechnical deformation monitoring sensor is an important part of the geological disaster monitoring system.
At present, there are many kinds of geotechnical deformation sensors, such as GPS. The various types of sensors have their respective characteristics and application range. Due to the uncertainty of the geotechnical deformation occurred in the space, so sometimes deformation distributed measurement technology is necessary in actual geotechnical monitoring. Distributed fiber measurement techniques, due to the very limited amount of local deformation, will break in geotechnical deformation monitoring. In response to these problems, based on the research of present TDR sensing cables, a single layer spiral structure TDR sensing cable for the geotechnical deformation distributed measurement is first proposed. The sensing cable consists of silicone inner core, single layer spiral wires and external silicone rubber pipe. Compared with the traditional parallel structure probe, the spiral cable can detect distributed structural deformation caused by tensility. Compared with the coaxial cable used in measuring localized shear deformation measurement, the spiral cable can be used for the local tensile deformation measurement and is not broken in a certain tensile range. Therefore, the spiral cable is more suitable in the surface geotechnical tensile deformation distributed measurement.
TDR sensing cable measurement is based on the corresponding relationship between the characteristic impedance of the measurement cables to their measured parameters. The relationship between the characteristic impedance of the parallel structure of the probe to the dielectric constant of the surrounding medium has been the in-depth study. The relationship between the deformation and the characteristic impedance of the coaxial cable cross-section has also been a theoretical analysis. To research the relationship between the tensile deformation and characteristic impedance of spiral cable becomes very important. Based on the analysis of general transmission line characteristic impedance, a theoretical calculation method of spiral cable's characteristic impedance is proposed. The result shows that the characteristic impedance of the spiral increases in the tensile deformation. Further, the paper verify the above conclusion with precision impedance analyzer and step signal two experimental method.
TDR measurement technique is divided into pulse signal time domain reflectometry and step signal domain reflectometry in the practical applications. Based on the spiral cable characteristic impedance conclusion, TDR waves are researched from the above two angles. Pulse signal TDR experiments show that the spiral cable with smaller stretching interval can effectively locate the position of the stretching interval from the reflected waveform. A difference processing method is proposed for step signal TDR waveform analysis. Based on this method, the relationship between the reflection peak amplitude and stretched length, stretching the section position, stretching interval length is analyzed. Finally, the differential step reflected waveforms is used to locate the deformation interval.
引文
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