图形形状对4-7岁儿童大小知觉的影响
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摘要
本研究考察了图形形状对4-7岁儿童大小知觉的影响，并探讨了随年
龄的增长，儿童大小知觉的变化趋势。
本研究主要包括两部分实验，实验一为面积为等差序列的一套圆，面
积相同的正三角形、正方形、正五边形各一个；实验二为面积为等差序列
的圆形、正三角形、正方形、正五边形各一套，两实验均为独立组混合设
计。
被试选自锦州市区幼儿园、小学4-7岁儿童共128人，男女各半，被
试年龄为实龄上下三个月，视力、听力、智力均无异常，各年龄组每个被
试进行完实验一再进行实验二。
研究得出以下结论：
1.图形形状对4-7岁儿童的大小知觉的影响差异显著。正三角形对儿
童大小知觉的影响最大，正方形次之，正五边形最小。
2.儿童的年龄对不同形状图形大小知觉的判断差异的影响不显著。
3.图形形状对圆和正三角形大小知觉的差别阈限的影响差异显著，正
三角形的差别阈限大于圆的差别阈限。
4.圆形和正三角形大小知觉的差别阈限各年龄段间差异显著，年龄越
大差别阈限越小，即年龄越大，儿童对不同图形大小的判别越精确。
This research investigated that the different shape figure has influence on 4 -7 years old children's size perception , and inquiried into variety trend on size perception with the increasing age.
The research consisted of two experiments.Experiment 1 objective figure is for a set of circulars with area of an ordered series of numbers of the grade, the equilateral triangles of the same area, exact squares and regular pentagons, for each.Experiment 2 objective figure is for circulars, equilateral triangles, exact squares and regular pentagons,one set for each.
Subjects come from the Jinzhou kindergardens,128 people of prammary school 4-7 years old , each half of male and female.The accurate age is within the limits which is three months younger or older than the real age.Sight, hearing and intelligence are all normal.Each age set is examined by Experiment 1, then Experiment 2.
Through the research the conclusions are the following:
First, The figure shape significantly influenced 4-7 years old children's size perceptkm.The equilateral triangles influenced the children's size perception first, the exact squares secondly, the regular pentagons last.
Second, The age hadly showed the significantly influence of the judgment of children's shape size perception.
Third, The figure shapes significantly influenced the children's size perception difference threshold to the circulars and the equilateral triangles.The equilateral triangles' difference threshold is stronger than that of the circulars.on the the regular pentagons' accurate degree is the first, exact squares are the second, the accurate degree in equilateral triangles is the lowest.
Last, the age obviously influenced the children's size perception difference threshold to the circulars and the equilateral triangles.The older, the lower.That is, with the increase of the age, the children's judgement to the different figure size becomes more accurate.
龄的增长，儿童大小知觉的变化趋势。
本研究主要包括两部分实验，实验一为面积为等差序列的一套圆，面
积相同的正三角形、正方形、正五边形各一个；实验二为面积为等差序列
的圆形、正三角形、正方形、正五边形各一套，两实验均为独立组混合设
计。
被试选自锦州市区幼儿园、小学4-7岁儿童共128人，男女各半，被
试年龄为实龄上下三个月，视力、听力、智力均无异常，各年龄组每个被
试进行完实验一再进行实验二。
研究得出以下结论：
1.图形形状对4-7岁儿童的大小知觉的影响差异显著。正三角形对儿
童大小知觉的影响最大，正方形次之，正五边形最小。
2.儿童的年龄对不同形状图形大小知觉的判断差异的影响不显著。
3.图形形状对圆和正三角形大小知觉的差别阈限的影响差异显著，正
三角形的差别阈限大于圆的差别阈限。
4.圆形和正三角形大小知觉的差别阈限各年龄段间差异显著，年龄越
大差别阈限越小，即年龄越大，儿童对不同图形大小的判别越精确。
This research investigated that the different shape figure has influence on 4 -7 years old children's size perception , and inquiried into variety trend on size perception with the increasing age.
The research consisted of two experiments.Experiment 1 objective figure is for a set of circulars with area of an ordered series of numbers of the grade, the equilateral triangles of the same area, exact squares and regular pentagons, for each.Experiment 2 objective figure is for circulars, equilateral triangles, exact squares and regular pentagons,one set for each.
Subjects come from the Jinzhou kindergardens,128 people of prammary school 4-7 years old , each half of male and female.The accurate age is within the limits which is three months younger or older than the real age.Sight, hearing and intelligence are all normal.Each age set is examined by Experiment 1, then Experiment 2.
Through the research the conclusions are the following:
First, The figure shape significantly influenced 4-7 years old children's size perceptkm.The equilateral triangles influenced the children's size perception first, the exact squares secondly, the regular pentagons last.
Second, The age hadly showed the significantly influence of the judgment of children's shape size perception.
Third, The figure shapes significantly influenced the children's size perception difference threshold to the circulars and the equilateral triangles.The equilateral triangles' difference threshold is stronger than that of the circulars.on the the regular pentagons' accurate degree is the first, exact squares are the second, the accurate degree in equilateral triangles is the lowest.
Last, the age obviously influenced the children's size perception difference threshold to the circulars and the equilateral triangles.The older, the lower.That is, with the increase of the age, the children's judgement to the different figure size becomes more accurate.
引文
[1] 朱智贤．心理学大词典．北京师范大学出版社，1989，10：943
[2] 心理学百科全书 认知心理学 信息加工 认知过程部分 邵志芳 浙江教 育出版社，875-885
[3] (美)罗伯特．L．索尔索著 黄希庭译．认知心理学．教育科学出版社， 1990
[4] [6] [9] [10] [11] 王甦，汪安圣．认知心理学．北京大学出版社，1992，4： 30-78
[5] Navon D.Forest before trees: The precedence of global features in visual perception cognitive psychology.1977;9 (2) : 353-383
[7] 严霄霏，苏彦捷．幼儿等几级图形知觉中的整体优现象．心理学报2001， 33(2) 142-147
[8] 韩世辉等．视知觉组织在整体知觉中的作用-脑损伤病人的研究．心理科 学，2002 25(4) ：391-394
[12] [25] [26] [27] [28] 王甦 中国心理科学27-42
[13] 章明．视知觉认知心理学华东师范大学出版社，1991，9：100-132
[14] [21] (美)托马斯 L．贝纳特．感觉世界
[15] [16] [19] 陈英和．认知发展心理学浙江人民出版社1996 12
[17] Fantz, R.L.Pattern Visual in Young infants, Psychological Record 1958, 8
[18] Fantz, R.L.Visual perception from birth as shown by pattern selectivity.Annals of the NewYork Academy of sciences 1965
[20] Carpenter, G.C., Tecce, J.J., stechler, G, &Friedman, S.Differentia 1 visual behavior to human faces in early infancy merrill-palmer Quarterly, 1970, 16, 91-108
[22] Spalding, A.Instinct with original observations on young animals .Macmillan' s Magazine,1873, 27, 282-293
[23] Walk, R.D.,&Gibson, E.J.A comparative and analytical study of visual depth perception.Psychological Monographs,1961, 75
[24] Gibson,E.J.,&Walk, R.D.The "visual cliff", scientific American , 1960,202,64-71
[26] Yonas, A., ect.Development of sensitivity to information for impending colision.Perception and psychophysics, 1977, 21, 97-104
[29] 饶恒毅，孟明，陈霖．图形大小知觉的动态记忆表征研究．心理科学 2001，24(5) ：601-603
[30] 阴国恩．材料的几何属性差异对3-7岁儿童分类标准影响的研究．心理 科学，1996，19(5) ：261-264
[31] 赵彤璐，阴国恩．心理差异量对儿童青少年分类活动影响的研究．心理 科学，2000，23(1) ：59-62
[32] 杨期正等.婴幼儿辨别物体大小能力发展的初步研究．心理科学通讯， 1981年第二期。
[33] 张厚粲．心理与教育统计学．北京师范大学出版社，1999，9：265-300
[34] 杨治良．基础实验心理学．甘肃人民出版社，1988， 8：99-105
[35] 朱智贤．儿童心理学．人民教育出版社1993，10：234
[36] 阴国恩．教育科学研究方法．南开大学出版社1996，10：70
[2] 心理学百科全书 认知心理学 信息加工 认知过程部分 邵志芳 浙江教 育出版社，875-885
[3] (美)罗伯特．L．索尔索著 黄希庭译．认知心理学．教育科学出版社， 1990
[4] [6] [9] [10] [11] 王甦，汪安圣．认知心理学．北京大学出版社，1992，4： 30-78
[5] Navon D.Forest before trees: The precedence of global features in visual perception cognitive psychology.1977;9 (2) : 353-383
[7] 严霄霏，苏彦捷．幼儿等几级图形知觉中的整体优现象．心理学报2001， 33(2) 142-147
[8] 韩世辉等．视知觉组织在整体知觉中的作用-脑损伤病人的研究．心理科 学，2002 25(4) ：391-394
[12] [25] [26] [27] [28] 王甦 中国心理科学27-42
[13] 章明．视知觉认知心理学华东师范大学出版社，1991，9：100-132
[14] [21] (美)托马斯 L．贝纳特．感觉世界
[15] [16] [19] 陈英和．认知发展心理学浙江人民出版社1996 12
[17] Fantz, R.L.Pattern Visual in Young infants, Psychological Record 1958, 8
[18] Fantz, R.L.Visual perception from birth as shown by pattern selectivity.Annals of the NewYork Academy of sciences 1965
[20] Carpenter, G.C., Tecce, J.J., stechler, G, &Friedman, S.Differentia 1 visual behavior to human faces in early infancy merrill-palmer Quarterly, 1970, 16, 91-108
[22] Spalding, A.Instinct with original observations on young animals .Macmillan' s Magazine,1873, 27, 282-293
[23] Walk, R.D.,&Gibson, E.J.A comparative and analytical study of visual depth perception.Psychological Monographs,1961, 75
[24] Gibson,E.J.,&Walk, R.D.The "visual cliff", scientific American , 1960,202,64-71
[26] Yonas, A., ect.Development of sensitivity to information for impending colision.Perception and psychophysics, 1977, 21, 97-104
[29] 饶恒毅，孟明，陈霖．图形大小知觉的动态记忆表征研究．心理科学 2001，24(5) ：601-603
[30] 阴国恩．材料的几何属性差异对3-7岁儿童分类标准影响的研究．心理 科学，1996，19(5) ：261-264
[31] 赵彤璐，阴国恩．心理差异量对儿童青少年分类活动影响的研究．心理 科学，2000，23(1) ：59-62
[32] 杨期正等.婴幼儿辨别物体大小能力发展的初步研究．心理科学通讯， 1981年第二期。
[33] 张厚粲．心理与教育统计学．北京师范大学出版社，1999，9：265-300
[34] 杨治良．基础实验心理学．甘肃人民出版社，1988， 8：99-105
[35] 朱智贤．儿童心理学．人民教育出版社1993，10：234
[36] 阴国恩．教育科学研究方法．南开大学出版社1996，10：70