垦东凸起及邻区构造特征与油气聚集
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摘要
垦东凸起是渤海湾盆地南部的一个次级凸起,周围凹陷众多、油气资源丰富,是渤海湾盆地重要的油气勘探区之一。垦东凸起及邻区构造样式复杂,包含伸展构造体系、扭动构造体系和反转构造体系控制下的断层和断块体组合。
     为了深入研究垦东凸起及邻区的构造特征与油气聚集规律,寻找有利的油气圈闭,利用伸展构造研究的理论和方法,以勘探实践和地质研究为基础,研究了垦东凸起及邻区的构造演化史,分析了构造几何学、运动学特征,探讨了各种类型的构造样式,初步总结了油气圈闭类型,提出了勘探目标,主要取得成果如下:
     1、垦东凸起及邻区经历了裂谷期前(前古近纪)、裂谷期(古近纪)、裂谷期后(新近纪)三大发育阶段,纵向上呈三层结构分布。
     2、垦东凸起周围众多凹陷和凸起平面上被一系列北北东向调节带所分开,呈现“南北分带、东西分块”的断块构造格局。渤海湾中南部地区五条大型的横向调节带中,控制垦东凸起构造格局的为第三条调节带和第四条调节带。
     3、通过计算伸展系数、断层生长指数、沉降速率、断层落差等参数,分析了垦东凸起及邻区断块体运动类型:伸展运动、掀斜或旋转运动和垂直差异升降运动,总结出区域构造演化活动具有断陷早期活动剧烈、断陷晚期逐步减弱并趋于中止的特点。
     4、垦东凸起及邻区构造样式可划分为伸展构造、扭动构造、局部反转构造等三大类共9种构造样式。
     5、垦东凸起及邻区的油气圈闭包括构造圈闭、地层圈闭、岩性圈闭和复合圈闭四大类15种类型。
     6、垦东凸起油气主要来自古近纪黄河口伸展断陷生油中心,自北向南沿砂体、不整合面和正断层呈阶梯状侧向和垂向运移至北部斜坡带和凸起,在新近纪和古近纪地层组成的二楼结构和其中有利圈闭处聚集。
     7、断层是垦东凸起、青东凹陷及邻区油气藏形成与分布的主控因素,储层及盖层发育影响油气富集与分布,不整合面控制了青东凹陷岩性、地层油气藏的分布。
Kendong Uplift is a subsidiary uplift of the southern Bohai Bay basin. There are four sags adjoining the uplift and hydrocarbon is rich, so the uplift and adjacent region is an important target area of Bohai Bay basin. The tectonic style of Kendong Uplift and adjacent region is complex, including all kinds of faults and fault-block associations which are controlled by extensional tectonic system, shear tectonic system, and reversal tectonic system.
     In order to study the tectonic characteristics and hydrocarbon accumulation rules of Kendong uplift, Qingdong sag and adjacent region, and look for advantaged traps, based on the exploring practice and research of geology, the study utilizes the theories and methods about extensional structure, recovers the tectonic evolution history of Kendong Uplift and adjacent region, analyzes structural geometry and kinematics characteristics, discusses all kinds of structure styles, summarizes the trap types, and brings forward exploring targets. Seven results are gained from the study on the geology, geophysics, and geochemistry of Kendong Uplift and adjacent region:
     1. The tectonic evolution history shows that Kendong Uplift and adjacent region experienced three stages: Pre-rift Period, Rifting Period, and Post-rift Period. So the stratum shows three-layer structure in architecture.
     2. For the existence of the extensional rift, uplift and transverse accommodation zone joined the rift and uplift, the regional structure of the Kendong Uplift and adjacent region can be divided into several belts and sections on the SN and EW direction. Among the five transverse accommodation zones, the third and forth the transverse accommodation zone control the tectonic pattern of the Kendong Uplift and adjacent region.
     3. Based on the calculating of the extensional coefficient, fault growing index, subsidence rate, and fault throw, the study analyzes the fault block movement types of Kendong Uplift and adjacent region: extensional movement, rotational movement and differential uplift and depression. The characteristic of the region structural evolution movement was strengthen in the early stage of rift Period and gradually weakened in the late rift Period and Post-rift Period are concluded.
     4. The tectonic style of Kendong uplift, Qingdong sag and adjacent region can be divided three systems: extensional system, shear system, and reversal system, which including nine style.
     5. The hydrocarbon trap of Kendong Uplift, Qingdong sag and adjacent region can be divided five types: structure trap, lithologic trap, stratigraphic trap, and combination trap, which including fifteen subtypes.
     6. The hydrocarbon of Kendong Uplift and adjacent region mainly come from the source center of Palogene Huanghekou extensional rift. By stair-stepping broadside and lengthways pathway formed by unconformity surface, sand bodies, and normal faults, hydrocarbon migrates to Kendong Uplift from north to south, and accumulates in advantaged traps of the Palogene and Neogene stratum.
     7. Fault is one of the main controlling factors of hydrocarbon formation, migration, accumulation, and distribution in Kendong uplift, Qingdong sag and other adjacent region; reservoir and cap rock influence the hydrocarbon concentration and distribution; unconformity surface controls the distribution of lithologic reservoir and stratigraphic reservoir in Qingdong sag.
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