内蒙古呼—包盆地第四纪沉积、构造特征研究
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摘要
第四纪沉积与构造演化是与人类生存和发展有密切关系的一个地质阶段，第四系沉积物的分布特征及其性质受古气候、古环境、古地貌控制，而新构造运动的发生与发展在这里起着至关重要的作用。所以，研究沉积盆地的演化与构造特征具有重要的现实意义与理论意义。
呼-包盆地由两个凹陷和一个潜山隆起组成，第四系地层发育齐全，岩相变化频繁，由北向南沉积相由山麓洪积相——河湖相过渡，各沉积相之间成交错渐变过渡关系。在垂向上叠覆关系清晰，本文对区内地层单元进行了详细划分，特别是对上更新统进行了详细的岩石地层单位划分和重新厘定。新建了西脑包组、壕赖沟组、色气湾组、胡鲁斯太组、古城湾组，符合岩石地层单位建组原则，各地层单元的划分与时代确定都有确切的古生物资料和测年依据。
本区新构造运动强烈，主要以垂直升降为主，兼具左旋走滑性质。盆地基地受断裂活动(乌拉山、大青山山前断裂)控制，总体呈北深南浅的萁状构造特征，沉降中心位于盆地北侧，盆地边缘活动断裂标志明显。由于断裂构造的频繁活动，使区内侵蚀阶地发育、洪积扇裙遍布山前、冲沟裂点发育、河流频繁变迁改道、岩相厚度纵横变化明显。由此造成的地热异常、地震、泥石流、滑坡、河流变迁等地质作用的开发与利用，应当引起高度重视。
呼--包盆地是在古近纪沉降盆地的基础上发育起来的，从上新世开始发生大规模剧烈沉降，从而奠定了现代巨厚层现代堆积层的基础。其形成与演化受区域板块构造应力场控制，是新构造运动阶段板内变形的产物，其应力状态为南北向拉张兼具东西向走滑。盆地的分布明显呈斜向排列，该盆地受边界活动断层的控制，现在仍处于沉降阶段。
Quaternary is an very important geological period because the sedimentary and structure features of quaternary have close relation with the human survival and developments. The distribution and nature of quaternary sedimentary were controlled by paleoclimate, paleoenvironment and paleogeomorphology, in which the commencement and development of neotectonics plays an important role. Consequently, the studies on the evolutionary and structure features of quaternary sedimentary basin have important realistic and academic significances.
The Hohhot-Baotou basin is composed by two hollows and one buried lifts, and the quaternary strata developed completed with facies diversified. From north to south, the facies transformed from pluvial phase to fluvial phase, which staggered contacted with each other. In this paper, the regional stratigraphic units of Hohhot-Baotou basin were compartmentalized detailed particular in upper Pleistocene. According to the current rules to build new stratigraphic unit, new formation including Xinaobao, Haolaigou, Seqiwan, Hulusitai and Guchengwan were firstly defined, in which precise paleontological and geochronological data were used.
The consuming neotectonic movement in study area is dominated by radical movements, subordinately with sinistral strike-slip feature. The basement were controlled by faulting, and the depth depressing gradually from north to south. The north side was the center of the subsidence, and on the edge of the basin the faulting is evident. Because of the frequently faulting, the basin is characterized by familiar destructional benchs, torrential deltas and chutes, and the paleoriver diverted commonly. So, the preventatives of induced geological hazard should be regarded such as the earthquake, debris flow and slides.
The Hohhot-Baotou basin was developed on the basis of Paleocene sedimentary basin, and in Pliocene large scale subsidence commenced which built the fundation of huge sedimentary strata. The basin was the product of intraplate deformation, whose formation and evolutionary were dominated by the regional stress framework with NS extension and EW strike-slip. The basement of the basin oblique-orientated ranged. The subsidence of the basin is still continuing and affected by the active marginal fault.
呼-包盆地由两个凹陷和一个潜山隆起组成，第四系地层发育齐全，岩相变化频繁，由北向南沉积相由山麓洪积相——河湖相过渡，各沉积相之间成交错渐变过渡关系。在垂向上叠覆关系清晰，本文对区内地层单元进行了详细划分，特别是对上更新统进行了详细的岩石地层单位划分和重新厘定。新建了西脑包组、壕赖沟组、色气湾组、胡鲁斯太组、古城湾组，符合岩石地层单位建组原则，各地层单元的划分与时代确定都有确切的古生物资料和测年依据。
本区新构造运动强烈，主要以垂直升降为主，兼具左旋走滑性质。盆地基地受断裂活动(乌拉山、大青山山前断裂)控制，总体呈北深南浅的萁状构造特征，沉降中心位于盆地北侧，盆地边缘活动断裂标志明显。由于断裂构造的频繁活动，使区内侵蚀阶地发育、洪积扇裙遍布山前、冲沟裂点发育、河流频繁变迁改道、岩相厚度纵横变化明显。由此造成的地热异常、地震、泥石流、滑坡、河流变迁等地质作用的开发与利用，应当引起高度重视。
呼--包盆地是在古近纪沉降盆地的基础上发育起来的，从上新世开始发生大规模剧烈沉降，从而奠定了现代巨厚层现代堆积层的基础。其形成与演化受区域板块构造应力场控制，是新构造运动阶段板内变形的产物，其应力状态为南北向拉张兼具东西向走滑。盆地的分布明显呈斜向排列，该盆地受边界活动断层的控制，现在仍处于沉降阶段。
Quaternary is an very important geological period because the sedimentary and structure features of quaternary have close relation with the human survival and developments. The distribution and nature of quaternary sedimentary were controlled by paleoclimate, paleoenvironment and paleogeomorphology, in which the commencement and development of neotectonics plays an important role. Consequently, the studies on the evolutionary and structure features of quaternary sedimentary basin have important realistic and academic significances.
The Hohhot-Baotou basin is composed by two hollows and one buried lifts, and the quaternary strata developed completed with facies diversified. From north to south, the facies transformed from pluvial phase to fluvial phase, which staggered contacted with each other. In this paper, the regional stratigraphic units of Hohhot-Baotou basin were compartmentalized detailed particular in upper Pleistocene. According to the current rules to build new stratigraphic unit, new formation including Xinaobao, Haolaigou, Seqiwan, Hulusitai and Guchengwan were firstly defined, in which precise paleontological and geochronological data were used.
The consuming neotectonic movement in study area is dominated by radical movements, subordinately with sinistral strike-slip feature. The basement were controlled by faulting, and the depth depressing gradually from north to south. The north side was the center of the subsidence, and on the edge of the basin the faulting is evident. Because of the frequently faulting, the basin is characterized by familiar destructional benchs, torrential deltas and chutes, and the paleoriver diverted commonly. So, the preventatives of induced geological hazard should be regarded such as the earthquake, debris flow and slides.
The Hohhot-Baotou basin was developed on the basis of Paleocene sedimentary basin, and in Pliocene large scale subsidence commenced which built the fundation of huge sedimentary strata. The basin was the product of intraplate deformation, whose formation and evolutionary were dominated by the regional stress framework with NS extension and EW strike-slip. The basement of the basin oblique-orientated ranged. The subsidence of the basin is still continuing and affected by the active marginal fault.
引文
[1] 内蒙古自治区区域地质志《区域地质》第25期地质出版社 1991
[2] 第四纪地质学概论 景才瑞等人著 地质出版社 1989
[3] 汪一鹏 鄂尔多斯周缘活动断裂系 地质出版社 1988
[4] 包头地区莎拉乌苏组发现及其意义 聂家笙、李克 科学通报1988、21期
[5] 大青山山前断裂带中、晚全新世活动的发现 聂家笙、李克 地质科学 1986、3月
[7] 华北地区的冰期和间冰期问题 李四光 1963
[8] 地貌学及第四纪地质学 武汉地质学院出版社 1981
[9] 内蒙古保险公司 内蒙古十年减灾论文集 1989
[10] 邵景力，崔亚莉，李慈君 包头市地下水-地表水联合调度多目标管理模型 资源科学，25卷第4期2003年7月
[11] 构造地质学 中国地质大学地质出版社 1991
[1] 包头地区1／5万城市区域地质调查报告 内蒙古第一区域地质研究院 1993 1-126
[2] 呼和浩特地区1／5万城市区域地质调查报告 内蒙古第一区域地质研究院 1995
[3] 包头地区1／5万城市区域地质调查片区总结报告 内蒙古第一区域地质研究院 1999
[4] 包头地下水环境质量评价研究报告 内蒙古包头水文地质观测总站 1986、4
[5] 包头文物包头文物所 1990 1991 一、二辑
[2] 第四纪地质学概论 景才瑞等人著 地质出版社 1989
[3] 汪一鹏 鄂尔多斯周缘活动断裂系 地质出版社 1988
[4] 包头地区莎拉乌苏组发现及其意义 聂家笙、李克 科学通报1988、21期
[5] 大青山山前断裂带中、晚全新世活动的发现 聂家笙、李克 地质科学 1986、3月
[7] 华北地区的冰期和间冰期问题 李四光 1963
[8] 地貌学及第四纪地质学 武汉地质学院出版社 1981
[9] 内蒙古保险公司 内蒙古十年减灾论文集 1989
[10] 邵景力，崔亚莉，李慈君 包头市地下水-地表水联合调度多目标管理模型 资源科学，25卷第4期2003年7月
[11] 构造地质学 中国地质大学地质出版社 1991
[1] 包头地区1／5万城市区域地质调查报告 内蒙古第一区域地质研究院 1993 1-126
[2] 呼和浩特地区1／5万城市区域地质调查报告 内蒙古第一区域地质研究院 1995
[3] 包头地区1／5万城市区域地质调查片区总结报告 内蒙古第一区域地质研究院 1999
[4] 包头地下水环境质量评价研究报告 内蒙古包头水文地质观测总站 1986、4
[5] 包头文物包头文物所 1990 1991 一、二辑