我国装备制造业开放式自主创新模式研究
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摘要
装备制造业是为国民经济各行业提供技术装备的战略性产业,产业关联度高、吸纳就业能力强、技术资金密集,是各行业产业升级、技术进步的重要保障和国家综合实力的集中体现。而我国装备制造业在竞争力、市场分额、品牌效应等方面还较薄弱。主要表现是:一是过度依赖投资增长,自主创新能力较弱,缺少核心技术和自主品牌;二是基础制造水平滞后,重复建设和产能过剩仍然存在;三是资源和能源利用率低,产品能耗高。
     产生上述问题的主要原因可归结为开放程度和创新资源配置效率低,那么如何在开放的环境下整合我国装备制造业内外部的创新资源,充分有效利用各方面的创新资源,正是本文所要研究的。本文认为开放式自主创新的理念对于创新主体能够有效的利用各方资源实现创新具有重要的指导意义。因此,从开放式创新的视角研究自主创新的问题,不仅更具有针对性,也更符合我国装备制造业提高创新能力的实际情况。
     本文主要研究了以下内容:
     第一章绪论,阐释论文选题背景和研究意义,介绍了本文的研究内容、研究方法及主要创新之处。
     第二章文献综述,首先总结开放式创新理论提出背景,然后评述了开放式创新理论、自主创新理论、开放式自主创新的模式,最后回顾了装备制造业创新研究进展。
     第三章我国装备制造业自主创新开放性分析,首先对装备制造业自主创新的基本面进行分析,其次是分析装备制造业自主创新开放性,表明装备制造业研发投入与创新产出低于全国水平、创新开放程度不高且未形成产学研有效的合作机制。最后分析了装备制造业低开放性自主创新的困境,主要是自主创新的开放性及创新资源配置效率低产生的。
     第四章开放式自主创新模式适用性分析,首先阐释开放式自主创新内涵及特征,其次是分析我国装备制造业从“封闭创新”到“开放创新”的演变,最后分析装备制造业选择开放式自主创新模式的必要性和适用性。
     第五章开放式自主创新模式机理分析,结合装备制造业开放式自主创新具有复杂适应性系统的特性,构建基于复杂适应性系统的开放式自主创新体系,并构建了多Agent模型和刺激-反应模型。
     第六章装备制造业开放式自主创新模式实证分析,一方面是基于多Agent模型的装备制造业开放式自主创新仿真分析,结论表明不同比重的创新资本投入,主体的偏好将产生不同的创新结果,可从外部和内部两方面投入,选择多主体的外生型开放式自主创新模式;另一方面是基于刺激-反应模型的装备制造业开放式自主创新分析,结论表明我国装备制造业在创新资本投入上呈现更多的是封闭式的自主创新活动,应该利用外部技术源泉与自主研发的有效结合,选择内生型的开放式自主创新模式。
     第七章我国开放式自主创新模式的案例分析,以中控集团为例,首先分析了中控集团自主创新的阶段演进,然后分析了中控集团开放式自主创新的经验。
     第八章推进装备制造业开放式自主创新的政策建议,首先提出了推进开放式自主创新政策建议的基本思路,然后从宏观层面、中观层面和企业层面,借鉴先进的经验,提出相应的政策措施
Equipment manufacturing industry is a strategic industry to provide technology andequipment for the various sectors of the national economy, high degree of industriallinkage, strong ability to absorb employment, technology and capital intensive, is aconcentrated expression of the industry industrial upgrading, technological progressandan important guarantee for the comprehensive national strength.While China's equipmentmanufacturing industry competitiveness, market share, brand effect is relatively weak.The main performance is: one is the over reliance on investment growth, the ability ofindependent innovation is weak, lack of core technology and independent brand; two isthe level of manufacturing based lag, duplication and excess capacitystill exists; the threeis the lo utilization rate of resources and energy, high energy consumption products.Among them, the lack of independent design ability, lack of key core technology hasbecome the bottleneck of industrial development. The principal causes of these problemscan be summed up in innovation resources allocation efficiency is low, so how tointegrate the internal and external of the equipment manufacturing industry in ourcountry in the new environment of innovation resources, making effective use of allaspects of the innovation resources, is what this article want to study, so this paper arguesthat the concept of open innovation for innovation subject to effective use of all resourcesto realize the important guiding significance. Therefore, from the perspective of openinnovation research the problem of independent innovation, not only more targeted, alsoconforms to the equipment manufacturing industry in our country actual situation toimprove innovation ability.
     This paper mainly studied the following contents:
     The first chapter is the introduction, explains the research background andsignificance, introduced the research contents, research methods andmain innovation.
     The second chapter is literature review, first summarize the open innovation theorybackground, then reviews the open innovation theory, theory of independent innovation,open innovation model, finally reviews the innovation of equipment manufacturingindustry.
     The third chapter is analysis of equipment manufacturing industry independent innovation’s opening, analyzes the basic face first on theindependent innovation ofequipment manufacturing industry, followed by the analysis of the equipmentmanufacturing industry independent innovation, openness, indicating that the equipmentmanufacturing industry investment in R&D and innovation output is lower than thenational level, innovation is not high degree of opening and did not formeffectivecooperation mechanism research. The final analysis of theequipment manufacturingindustry low open independent innovation dilemma, mainly is the independentinnovation openness and innovation resources allocation efficiency and low production.
     The fourth chapter analysis of independent innovation model on firstly explains theconnotation and characteristics of open type independent innovation, followed by theanalysis of our manufacturing equipment from the "closed innovation" to "the evolutionof open innovation", the final analysis of the equipment manufacturing industry henecessity and applicability of the open innovation model.
     The fifth chapter Analysis of mechanism of open independent innovation mode,combined with the features of the equipment manufacturing industryopen independentinnovation has a complex adaptive system, the construction of open independentinnovation system based on complex adaptive system, and construct a multi Agent modeland the stimulus response model.
     The sixth chapter equipment manufacturing industry empirical analysisofindependent innovation mode of open type, a multi Agent model of equipmentmanufacturing industry independent innovation based on theanalysis of simulation resultsshow that the open, innovation and capital investment proportion of the preferences ofdifferent, have differentinnovation results, can be input from the two aspects of externaland internal external multi subject the open innovation model; on the other hand is thestimulus response model of equipment manufacturing industry independent innovationbased on the analysis of open,concluded that China's equipment manufacturing industryin innovation and capital investment is more independent innovation should be closed,theeffective combination of the source and the independent research and development,independent open the choice of innovation mode of endogenous type.
     The seventh chapter is the analysis of China's open independent innovation mode ofthe case, in the Control group as an example, first analyzes the evolution in the Controlgroup of independent innovation, and then analyzes the Control group open independent innovation experience.
     The eighth chapter to promote the equipment manufacturing industry openindependent innovation policy suggestions, first put forward the basicideas to promoteopen independent innovation policy recommendations,and then from the macro level,middle level and enterprise level, draw lessons from the advanced experience, putsforward the corresponding policy measures.
引文
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