地铁下穿既有线施工扰动变形控制关键技术应用研究
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摘要
为改善我国城市地面交通拥挤状况,发展地铁交通成为我国许多城市解决交通问题的主要战略决策。在城市地铁网的建设过程中,不可避免地会出现新建地铁或市政管线等穿越运营地铁线路的问题,此外,地铁工程具有施工条件复杂、开挖跨度大、临时支撑和工法转换频繁、时空效应显著等特点,因此,城市地铁近距离穿越既有线是一项难度高、技术复杂、安全风险大的工程。随着城市地铁网建设规模的不断扩大,在地铁施工过程中,地下结构以及地表环境对象的安全问题不仅不可避免,而且在数量上会越来越多,因此,地下工程近距离穿越既有线施工时采取适当的施工方法和辅助工法最大限度地减少对既有线的不利影响,确保线路的运营和结构的安全,是目前十分重要而亟待解决的技术难题。
本文以北京地铁十号线下穿地铁一号线近距离施工为工程与研究背景,采用现场调查、室内试验、数值模拟、理论分析与现场监测相结合的综合集成研究方法,对城市地铁近距离下穿既有线施工扰动变形控制关键技术及其应用进行了系统研究。得出如下主要结论:
(1)基于对现场工程条件和技术难点的分析,提出了以控制既有结构变形为基准的合理化施工技术方案。即紧密结合工程实际,首次提出以减小施工扰动效应、控制既有结构的扰动变形为核心,先采用袖阀管注浆技术,构筑密贴既有线的门式止浆墙结构进行地层加固,起到隔水防渗和力学支撑的双重效果;然后,在上述结构保护下,进行门式断面内分区、分步超前掘进、台阶式下行法开挖与支护,并与现场实时监测相结合,不断修正与完善施工参数,进行信息化施工。
(2)应用有限差分FLAC3D数值计算软件,构建了地铁隧道近邻施工的地层-结构三维计算模型,考虑时间-空间-工法,对地铁十号线下穿一号线的整个施工工序,包括矩形断面内分区开挖、掘进断面内短段掘进、台阶式下行法施工及开挖后及时支护等,进行了可视化的力学响应优化分析,此外,对进行袖阀管注浆构筑门式支撑加固结构所起的作用、掘进断面超前注浆和进行锁脚锚管支护等工艺也进行了施工力学响应效果分析,对指导工程实践,及时采取有效工程对策,控制扰动变形有十分重要的意义。
(3)考虑灰色预测模型与双曲线预测模型在预测路基沉降变形方面存在缺陷,基于上述两类预测模型,采用误差绝对值加权和最小的准则,借助MATLAB软件计算加权平均数,结合现场大量实测数据,创建了新的加权组合模型,不仅对上述模型的缺陷进行了弥补,提高了预测精度,而且为既有线路基沉降变形预测提供了可靠的理论依据,同时,也为路基沉降变形预测提供了新的思路和方法。
通过实施上述技术方案,既有线的南线道床和北线道床实测的变形曲线趋于收敛,最终沉降变形预测值满足工程要求。工程实践表明,基于上述研究成果,地铁十号线下穿一号线施工,取得了良好的技术效益和社会效益,对类似工程实践具有理论指导意义和工程实用价值。
In order to improve the worst traffic condition of the cities in our country, developing the subway is a major strategic decision to solve traffic problems in large cities. Duing the subway construction, it unavoidably happens that some newly built subway lines or the municipal pipelines will pass through an existing subway line. Besides, metro construction is always of the complicated construction conditions, large span, temporary support, frequent construction methods exchange, and obvious excavation time-space effects . Consequently, the subway construction crossing an existing subway line at close range is a project which is a very difficult and complex technology, with a lot of risks. In the construction of the metro, these safety problems which cover a wide range of underground structure, many surface objects and surroundings, are not only inevitable , but also increasing . Consequently, some construction methods and auxiliary methods for minimizing the bad effect on existing lines to large extent ,should be adopted at present in underground construction crossing existing subway lines at close range, and it is a very important technical problem to be solved immediately.
Based on the background of the No.10 line crossing the existing No.1 line of Beijing metro at close range, the key technology and its application in deformantion control for underground construction crossing existing subway lines at close range are studied by combunation of field investigation, lab tests, numerical simulation, theoretical analysis and field monitoring. The main conclusion of the present study are as follows:
1. On the basis of engineering geological conditions and the technical difficulties, the reasonable technology schemes subjecting to the deformanon control are put forward. namely in view of actual project, the author first put forward the comprehensive measures to reduce the disturbance effect centering on the deformation of the existing subway, firstly construct ing the gate type wall for grouting using sleevet-grouting technique, which has good strata strengthening and antiwater effect. And then, the construction methods such as from top-to-bottom bench excavation in cross-section, pilot heading advanced excavation and supporting along the longitudinal section are conducted under the protection of the gate type wall, and the measured data from monitoring were applied to confirm design assumption and optimize construction schemes.
2. A 3-D calculation lmodel of considering stratum-structure was built by using FLAC3D , the visual numerical simulation analysis of the construction process of the underground engineering crossing existing subway lines at close range is studied considering the time-space-construction, including from top-to-bottom bench excavation in cross-section, pilot heading advanced excavation and supporting along the longitudinal section. Besides, the deformation and stress characteristics of the gate type wall for grouting using sleevet-grouting technique, and the auxiliary measures of pre-grouting for the excavation section, and foot bolts with pre-grouting, are analysed. The above results have important theoretical meaning for guiding the practice of grouting and supporting of tunnels to meet the requirements and control deformation of the existing tunnels structures.
3. In view of the deficiencies existing in the double-curve model and grey model, based on them, a new combined weighting model of the subsidence for the excavation tunnel crossing below the existing subway line is built on the condition of the minimal absolute values of errors, in which the weighting average is calculated with MATLAB. The engineering measurement results show that the predictive error with combined weighting model is reduced, and the satisfactory results are obtained. A new method for predicting subsidence deformation of the subgrade is provided.
By implementing these above technical schemes, the subsidence deformation curves of the north line and the south line subgrade in existing subway line are gradually convergent, and the ultimate subsidence deformation can meet the requirements control deformation of the existing tunnels structures. Engineering practice shows that the construction of No.10 line crossing the existing No.1 line of Beijing metro at close range is successful, and the good technological social benefits are obtained, and it is of important theoretical meaning to guide the practice in the similar engineering.
本文以北京地铁十号线下穿地铁一号线近距离施工为工程与研究背景,采用现场调查、室内试验、数值模拟、理论分析与现场监测相结合的综合集成研究方法,对城市地铁近距离下穿既有线施工扰动变形控制关键技术及其应用进行了系统研究。得出如下主要结论:
(1)基于对现场工程条件和技术难点的分析,提出了以控制既有结构变形为基准的合理化施工技术方案。即紧密结合工程实际,首次提出以减小施工扰动效应、控制既有结构的扰动变形为核心,先采用袖阀管注浆技术,构筑密贴既有线的门式止浆墙结构进行地层加固,起到隔水防渗和力学支撑的双重效果;然后,在上述结构保护下,进行门式断面内分区、分步超前掘进、台阶式下行法开挖与支护,并与现场实时监测相结合,不断修正与完善施工参数,进行信息化施工。
(2)应用有限差分FLAC3D数值计算软件,构建了地铁隧道近邻施工的地层-结构三维计算模型,考虑时间-空间-工法,对地铁十号线下穿一号线的整个施工工序,包括矩形断面内分区开挖、掘进断面内短段掘进、台阶式下行法施工及开挖后及时支护等,进行了可视化的力学响应优化分析,此外,对进行袖阀管注浆构筑门式支撑加固结构所起的作用、掘进断面超前注浆和进行锁脚锚管支护等工艺也进行了施工力学响应效果分析,对指导工程实践,及时采取有效工程对策,控制扰动变形有十分重要的意义。
(3)考虑灰色预测模型与双曲线预测模型在预测路基沉降变形方面存在缺陷,基于上述两类预测模型,采用误差绝对值加权和最小的准则,借助MATLAB软件计算加权平均数,结合现场大量实测数据,创建了新的加权组合模型,不仅对上述模型的缺陷进行了弥补,提高了预测精度,而且为既有线路基沉降变形预测提供了可靠的理论依据,同时,也为路基沉降变形预测提供了新的思路和方法。
通过实施上述技术方案,既有线的南线道床和北线道床实测的变形曲线趋于收敛,最终沉降变形预测值满足工程要求。工程实践表明,基于上述研究成果,地铁十号线下穿一号线施工,取得了良好的技术效益和社会效益,对类似工程实践具有理论指导意义和工程实用价值。
In order to improve the worst traffic condition of the cities in our country, developing the subway is a major strategic decision to solve traffic problems in large cities. Duing the subway construction, it unavoidably happens that some newly built subway lines or the municipal pipelines will pass through an existing subway line. Besides, metro construction is always of the complicated construction conditions, large span, temporary support, frequent construction methods exchange, and obvious excavation time-space effects . Consequently, the subway construction crossing an existing subway line at close range is a project which is a very difficult and complex technology, with a lot of risks. In the construction of the metro, these safety problems which cover a wide range of underground structure, many surface objects and surroundings, are not only inevitable , but also increasing . Consequently, some construction methods and auxiliary methods for minimizing the bad effect on existing lines to large extent ,should be adopted at present in underground construction crossing existing subway lines at close range, and it is a very important technical problem to be solved immediately.
Based on the background of the No.10 line crossing the existing No.1 line of Beijing metro at close range, the key technology and its application in deformantion control for underground construction crossing existing subway lines at close range are studied by combunation of field investigation, lab tests, numerical simulation, theoretical analysis and field monitoring. The main conclusion of the present study are as follows:
1. On the basis of engineering geological conditions and the technical difficulties, the reasonable technology schemes subjecting to the deformanon control are put forward. namely in view of actual project, the author first put forward the comprehensive measures to reduce the disturbance effect centering on the deformation of the existing subway, firstly construct ing the gate type wall for grouting using sleevet-grouting technique, which has good strata strengthening and antiwater effect. And then, the construction methods such as from top-to-bottom bench excavation in cross-section, pilot heading advanced excavation and supporting along the longitudinal section are conducted under the protection of the gate type wall, and the measured data from monitoring were applied to confirm design assumption and optimize construction schemes.
2. A 3-D calculation lmodel of considering stratum-structure was built by using FLAC3D , the visual numerical simulation analysis of the construction process of the underground engineering crossing existing subway lines at close range is studied considering the time-space-construction, including from top-to-bottom bench excavation in cross-section, pilot heading advanced excavation and supporting along the longitudinal section. Besides, the deformation and stress characteristics of the gate type wall for grouting using sleevet-grouting technique, and the auxiliary measures of pre-grouting for the excavation section, and foot bolts with pre-grouting, are analysed. The above results have important theoretical meaning for guiding the practice of grouting and supporting of tunnels to meet the requirements and control deformation of the existing tunnels structures.
3. In view of the deficiencies existing in the double-curve model and grey model, based on them, a new combined weighting model of the subsidence for the excavation tunnel crossing below the existing subway line is built on the condition of the minimal absolute values of errors, in which the weighting average is calculated with MATLAB. The engineering measurement results show that the predictive error with combined weighting model is reduced, and the satisfactory results are obtained. A new method for predicting subsidence deformation of the subgrade is provided.
By implementing these above technical schemes, the subsidence deformation curves of the north line and the south line subgrade in existing subway line are gradually convergent, and the ultimate subsidence deformation can meet the requirements control deformation of the existing tunnels structures. Engineering practice shows that the construction of No.10 line crossing the existing No.1 line of Beijing metro at close range is successful, and the good technological social benefits are obtained, and it is of important theoretical meaning to guide the practice in the similar engineering.
引文
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