微腔有机发光二极管的设计及性能研究
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摘要
近年来，有机电致发光二极管成为平板显示中最有前景的技术之一。然而，然而，由于有机材料的宽频带发光，不利于彩色显示，促使人们不断探索获得窄化谱线的途径。大量的研究表明，在器件中引入光学微腔是一种很好的方法。实验证明引入微腔结构以后，不仅使EL谱显著窄化，而且提高了发光的色饱和度，因此微腔结构的设计对有机发光二极管的性能有很大的影响。
本论文简要分析了膜的传输理论，根据传输矩阵模型，利用Matlab语言编制程序对文中作为反射镜材料的金属银和分布布拉格反射镜(DBR)的传输特性进行探讨。研究了银膜的反射率、透射率及光在不同厚度银膜上的反射相移趋势，讨论了DBR的反射率、反射带宽、与形成DBR膜的高、低介质折射指数差，层数，高、低介质次序等的关系，获得的结果为用于微腔有机发光器件(MOLEDs)的反射镜的实际设计提供了理论指导。
设计了金属-DBR双层有机微腔发光器件，讨论了腔长、发光层厚度、TPD／Alq3界面位置及发光区域位置对器件的EL谱及发光性能的影响。研究发现，微腔的引入在窄化发射光谱的同时也显著提高了发射光的强度。同时发光强度对发光区域和TPD／Alq3界面位置有强烈的依赖关系。为了得到最佳效率，发光区域应该尽量窄，并且其中心位置必须毗邻谐振腔中电场的波峰位置。
在微腔OLEDs中引入一层新材料——负折射率介质层(NRIDL)，采用经典电动力学辐射理论，建立有效的传输矩阵模型；同时设计了两种类型的含有NRID层的有机微腔发光器件，通过该模型研究了负折射率材料对微腔的光学性能的影响，并为进一步提高微腔OLEDs的发光效率、发光色纯度、薄化器件厚度开拓新思路，提供新方法。
Recently, organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs) based on organicmaterials are one of the most promise technology for flat-panel displays.However, the broad emission spectra result in difficulties in developingfull color displays. So many researchers explore many approaches tonarrow the emission spectra and consider that the microcavity structure isa main method with most potential and extensive. The experiments provethat introduction of the microcavity structure into OLEDs not only narrowemission, and enhance the color purity, but also enhance device efficiency.It can be noticed that microcavity structures have greatly influence on theperformance of OLEDs.
In this thesis, we simply analyzed the transmission theory of opticalthin film, and discussed the transmission characteristics of distributedBragg reflectors (DBR) and Ag film which were the reflectors in the textbased on the transmission matrix model using Matlab software. Thereflectivity, transmittance of Ag film and the relation between reflectivephase shift and the thickness of Ag film were studied and the relationbetween reflectivity, reflective bandwidth and refraction index difference,layer number and sequence of high-low medium of DBR were alsostudied. The obtaining result provided theoretical advices for actualdesign of the microcavity formed by reflective mirrors in OLEDs.
Microcavity OLEDs formed by metal electrode silver (Ag) and DBRmirrors were designed. Some effects of cavity lengths, thickness of theemission layer, the interface of TPD/Alq3 and the emission region on theelectroluminescent (EL) spectrum and performance were investigated. Itwas found theoretically that the introduction of the microcavity intoOLEDs narrows emission spectra, and also significantly enhances theemissive intensity. The emitted radiation strongly depended on theemission region and the position of the emissive layer inside the cavity.Finally, the emission region should be narrow with its center at theantinode of the electric field in the resonant cavity to optimize MOLEDs.
The negative refractive index dielectric (NRID) was introduced into the microcavity OLEDs. Two kinds of diodes containing thin negativerefractive index dielectric layer were designed. Firstly, the transmissionmatrix model of the negative refractive index dielectric was presented bythe classical electrodynamics theory. And then we theoretically studiedluminescence characteristics and EL spectra of the microcavity OLEDsbased on the transmission matrix model. The result shows that it's a newway to enhance device efficiency, color purity and thinned the thicknessof the MOLEDs.
本论文简要分析了膜的传输理论，根据传输矩阵模型，利用Matlab语言编制程序对文中作为反射镜材料的金属银和分布布拉格反射镜(DBR)的传输特性进行探讨。研究了银膜的反射率、透射率及光在不同厚度银膜上的反射相移趋势，讨论了DBR的反射率、反射带宽、与形成DBR膜的高、低介质折射指数差，层数，高、低介质次序等的关系，获得的结果为用于微腔有机发光器件(MOLEDs)的反射镜的实际设计提供了理论指导。
设计了金属-DBR双层有机微腔发光器件，讨论了腔长、发光层厚度、TPD／Alq3界面位置及发光区域位置对器件的EL谱及发光性能的影响。研究发现，微腔的引入在窄化发射光谱的同时也显著提高了发射光的强度。同时发光强度对发光区域和TPD／Alq3界面位置有强烈的依赖关系。为了得到最佳效率，发光区域应该尽量窄，并且其中心位置必须毗邻谐振腔中电场的波峰位置。
在微腔OLEDs中引入一层新材料——负折射率介质层(NRIDL)，采用经典电动力学辐射理论，建立有效的传输矩阵模型；同时设计了两种类型的含有NRID层的有机微腔发光器件，通过该模型研究了负折射率材料对微腔的光学性能的影响，并为进一步提高微腔OLEDs的发光效率、发光色纯度、薄化器件厚度开拓新思路，提供新方法。
Recently, organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs) based on organicmaterials are one of the most promise technology for flat-panel displays.However, the broad emission spectra result in difficulties in developingfull color displays. So many researchers explore many approaches tonarrow the emission spectra and consider that the microcavity structure isa main method with most potential and extensive. The experiments provethat introduction of the microcavity structure into OLEDs not only narrowemission, and enhance the color purity, but also enhance device efficiency.It can be noticed that microcavity structures have greatly influence on theperformance of OLEDs.
In this thesis, we simply analyzed the transmission theory of opticalthin film, and discussed the transmission characteristics of distributedBragg reflectors (DBR) and Ag film which were the reflectors in the textbased on the transmission matrix model using Matlab software. Thereflectivity, transmittance of Ag film and the relation between reflectivephase shift and the thickness of Ag film were studied and the relationbetween reflectivity, reflective bandwidth and refraction index difference,layer number and sequence of high-low medium of DBR were alsostudied. The obtaining result provided theoretical advices for actualdesign of the microcavity formed by reflective mirrors in OLEDs.
Microcavity OLEDs formed by metal electrode silver (Ag) and DBRmirrors were designed. Some effects of cavity lengths, thickness of theemission layer, the interface of TPD/Alq3 and the emission region on theelectroluminescent (EL) spectrum and performance were investigated. Itwas found theoretically that the introduction of the microcavity intoOLEDs narrows emission spectra, and also significantly enhances theemissive intensity. The emitted radiation strongly depended on theemission region and the position of the emissive layer inside the cavity.Finally, the emission region should be narrow with its center at theantinode of the electric field in the resonant cavity to optimize MOLEDs.
The negative refractive index dielectric (NRID) was introduced into the microcavity OLEDs. Two kinds of diodes containing thin negativerefractive index dielectric layer were designed. Firstly, the transmissionmatrix model of the negative refractive index dielectric was presented bythe classical electrodynamics theory. And then we theoretically studiedluminescence characteristics and EL spectra of the microcavity OLEDsbased on the transmission matrix model. The result shows that it's a newway to enhance device efficiency, color purity and thinned the thicknessof the MOLEDs.
引文
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