农村中小学教师流失现状及心理动因调查研究
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摘要
古语云:国将兴,必贵师而重傅;国将衰,必贱师而轻傅。“良师兴国”是因为国家的命脉系于教育的成败,而教育的良莠又系于优良的教师。随着我国区域经济差异的扩大,城市化战略的实施,以及农村中心镇的规划发展,优质教育资源不断向经济发达地区聚集。农村地区教师流失问题日益严峻,给农村教育的健康发展带来了重重困难与频频危机,亟待进行研究和解决。本研究选择我国有代表性的三省(贵州、江西、广东)农村中小学教师为研究对象,希望通过实地调查研究,了解农村中小学教师流失的现状、根源,并提出相应的策略,以期稳定农村中小学教师队伍,为农村地区解决教师流失问题提供借鉴。在“以人为本”在前提下,对农村中小学教师管理的自然属性决定了研究管理问题必须研究人的行为。人的行为选择受人的需要、欲望、动机、目的等心理因素的影响。农村中小学教师的需要满足情况与其流失行为选择直接相关。找出农村中小学教师需要的规律,以满足主导需要提出管理对策,稳定农村中小学教师队伍是本研究的目的。研究农村中小学教师的需要与流失行为,应以人性理论的基本原理为起点予以剖析,他们的需要满足情况符合需要理论的一般原理。因此,本研究以对需要理论的认识,农村中小学教师流失行为的理论分析,农村中小学教师管理的复杂性分析三方面作为本研究的理论支点。
本文在对教师流失的相关理论进行阐述的基础上,通过问卷调查、个案访谈以及文献收集的方法,以抽样调查为基础,根据马斯洛的五层次需要论,假定农村中小学教师的需要满足状况是其去留行为选择的影响因素,设计农村中小学教师需要情况及流失行为选择调查问卷。通过对农村中小学教师的问卷调查,获取了农村中小学教师的基本情况,对调查结果用SPSS统计软件进行处理,通过多元分析理论中的因素分析法归纳出农村中小学教师需要满足及其流失心理或行为选择的主因子;找出影响农村中小学教师流失心理或去留行为选择的需要因素,运用多元回归分析建立农村中小学教师需要满足与流失心理或行为选择的关系模型,并从事实和理论两个层面对其结果作了探索性分析,据此提出稳定农村中小学教师管理对策。
本学位论文的主要创新点如下:
1.将马斯洛需要层次理论运用与对我国农村中小学教师调离心理或流失行为选择的调查中,设计出了农村中小学教师生理需要、安全需要、社交需要、尊重需要、自我实现需要及其流失心理或行为选择的利克尔特(Likert Scale)量表,并通过了检验,通过高级统计方法(因素分析法)归纳出农村中小学教师需要满足及其流失心理或行为选择的变量;
2.对影响农村中小学教师流失心理或行为选择的主要因素进行了理论和实证分析,提出了农村中小学教师需要满足及其调离心理或行为选择的系统分析框架,为稳定农村中小学教师队伍问题研究提供一种新方法;
3.建立了农村中小学教师需要满足与调离心理或行为选择的理论模型,运用高级统计方法(多元线性回归分析法)找出了影响农村中小学教师调离心理或行为选择的需要因素,构造了对应的回归方程,并根据本研究新颖的研究结论提出了稳定农村中小学教师的管理策略。
A Chinese archaism says: Respect for teachers and education must produce a prosperous country; Disdain for teachers and education must produce a declining country. "Fine teachers prosper a country" , because the lifeline of a country is tied to the success or decay of education, while good or bad education is decided by excellent teachers. With the expanding of the economic discrepancy in different areas of China, the number of the drainage of teachers in rural areas is seriously increasing, and this has become one of the most important factors that greatly restrict their educational development, It needs researching on and settling. This paper will deal with the actuality of teachers in the rural primary and secondary schools in Guizhou Jiangxi and Guangdong province, trying to know more about the current situation and the origin of the loss of teachers in rural areas, so as to make some corresponding solutions to stabilize the county' s teacher team, It would be much better if it could offer some reference for solving the problem of the drainage of teachers in rural areas. The natural property of management decides on the fact that the research of management problems must be carried out on the basis of the research of human behaviors. Therefore, the research of teachers in rural areas must be carried out on their behaviors in the people-oriented background. People ' s choices of behaviors are affected by their needs , desires, motives, purposes and other psychological factors. What behaviors the teachers in rural areas will perform are direectly related to the degree of satisfaction of their needs. The research of rural teachers' needs and choice of behaviors should be analyzed on the basis of the uondamental principles of the theory of humanity. The rural teachers' needs are in accordance with the common principles of the need theory. Therefore, this discourse is based on the principles of the following three aspects: the comprehension of the need theory, the theoretical analysis of the drainage of the rural teachers, and the analysis of the complexity of managing the rural teachers.
On the basis of expatiating the corresponding theories of teachers' loosing problem, the paper has a serious and detailed discussion about the situation of the teachers in rural areas by means of paper survey, individual interview and literature-collecting; According to Maslow five-level need theory, questionnaires and measurement tables about rural teachers' satisfaction of their needs are designed on the supposition that the degree of satisfaction of the needs of teachers in rural areas is an influencing factor on their turnover behaviors. With the help of relative computer software(SPSS) it shows that some influencing factors are obtained and inspected by factor analysis from questionnaires. Carry out regression analysis on the variables of the needs of teachers in the rural areas and their choice of behaviors and build up a relation model of linear regression, moreover, it analyzes the problem by means of exporing analysis both theoretically and practically, and this paper offers the countermeasures of the management of the teachers in rural areas in accordance with the above model.
Chief creative points of this research:
1 . Design a quantum diagra (Likert Scale) covering the needs of the physiological needs, the safety needs, the needs for sociality, the esteem needs, the needs for self-actualiation and choices of behaviors, which prove to be reliable and effective. And sum up the variables of the satisfaction of need of the teachers in rural areas through equation analytical method.
2. This paper offers a theoretical and concrete analysis of the main factors affecting the turnover intention of the teachers in rural areas, bringing forward a systematic analysis structure of the satisfaction of the need and the behavior of the teachers in rural areas,providing a new perspective for the solution of the teachers in rural areas.
3. Carry out regression analysis on the variables of the needs of the teachers in rural areas and their choice of behaviors and offer the relative countermeasures of the management of the teachers in rural areas.
本文在对教师流失的相关理论进行阐述的基础上,通过问卷调查、个案访谈以及文献收集的方法,以抽样调查为基础,根据马斯洛的五层次需要论,假定农村中小学教师的需要满足状况是其去留行为选择的影响因素,设计农村中小学教师需要情况及流失行为选择调查问卷。通过对农村中小学教师的问卷调查,获取了农村中小学教师的基本情况,对调查结果用SPSS统计软件进行处理,通过多元分析理论中的因素分析法归纳出农村中小学教师需要满足及其流失心理或行为选择的主因子;找出影响农村中小学教师流失心理或去留行为选择的需要因素,运用多元回归分析建立农村中小学教师需要满足与流失心理或行为选择的关系模型,并从事实和理论两个层面对其结果作了探索性分析,据此提出稳定农村中小学教师管理对策。
本学位论文的主要创新点如下:
1.将马斯洛需要层次理论运用与对我国农村中小学教师调离心理或流失行为选择的调查中,设计出了农村中小学教师生理需要、安全需要、社交需要、尊重需要、自我实现需要及其流失心理或行为选择的利克尔特(Likert Scale)量表,并通过了检验,通过高级统计方法(因素分析法)归纳出农村中小学教师需要满足及其流失心理或行为选择的变量;
2.对影响农村中小学教师流失心理或行为选择的主要因素进行了理论和实证分析,提出了农村中小学教师需要满足及其调离心理或行为选择的系统分析框架,为稳定农村中小学教师队伍问题研究提供一种新方法;
3.建立了农村中小学教师需要满足与调离心理或行为选择的理论模型,运用高级统计方法(多元线性回归分析法)找出了影响农村中小学教师调离心理或行为选择的需要因素,构造了对应的回归方程,并根据本研究新颖的研究结论提出了稳定农村中小学教师的管理策略。
A Chinese archaism says: Respect for teachers and education must produce a prosperous country; Disdain for teachers and education must produce a declining country. "Fine teachers prosper a country" , because the lifeline of a country is tied to the success or decay of education, while good or bad education is decided by excellent teachers. With the expanding of the economic discrepancy in different areas of China, the number of the drainage of teachers in rural areas is seriously increasing, and this has become one of the most important factors that greatly restrict their educational development, It needs researching on and settling. This paper will deal with the actuality of teachers in the rural primary and secondary schools in Guizhou Jiangxi and Guangdong province, trying to know more about the current situation and the origin of the loss of teachers in rural areas, so as to make some corresponding solutions to stabilize the county' s teacher team, It would be much better if it could offer some reference for solving the problem of the drainage of teachers in rural areas. The natural property of management decides on the fact that the research of management problems must be carried out on the basis of the research of human behaviors. Therefore, the research of teachers in rural areas must be carried out on their behaviors in the people-oriented background. People ' s choices of behaviors are affected by their needs , desires, motives, purposes and other psychological factors. What behaviors the teachers in rural areas will perform are direectly related to the degree of satisfaction of their needs. The research of rural teachers' needs and choice of behaviors should be analyzed on the basis of the uondamental principles of the theory of humanity. The rural teachers' needs are in accordance with the common principles of the need theory. Therefore, this discourse is based on the principles of the following three aspects: the comprehension of the need theory, the theoretical analysis of the drainage of the rural teachers, and the analysis of the complexity of managing the rural teachers.
On the basis of expatiating the corresponding theories of teachers' loosing problem, the paper has a serious and detailed discussion about the situation of the teachers in rural areas by means of paper survey, individual interview and literature-collecting; According to Maslow five-level need theory, questionnaires and measurement tables about rural teachers' satisfaction of their needs are designed on the supposition that the degree of satisfaction of the needs of teachers in rural areas is an influencing factor on their turnover behaviors. With the help of relative computer software(SPSS) it shows that some influencing factors are obtained and inspected by factor analysis from questionnaires. Carry out regression analysis on the variables of the needs of teachers in the rural areas and their choice of behaviors and build up a relation model of linear regression, moreover, it analyzes the problem by means of exporing analysis both theoretically and practically, and this paper offers the countermeasures of the management of the teachers in rural areas in accordance with the above model.
Chief creative points of this research:
1 . Design a quantum diagra (Likert Scale) covering the needs of the physiological needs, the safety needs, the needs for sociality, the esteem needs, the needs for self-actualiation and choices of behaviors, which prove to be reliable and effective. And sum up the variables of the satisfaction of need of the teachers in rural areas through equation analytical method.
2. This paper offers a theoretical and concrete analysis of the main factors affecting the turnover intention of the teachers in rural areas, bringing forward a systematic analysis structure of the satisfaction of the need and the behavior of the teachers in rural areas,providing a new perspective for the solution of the teachers in rural areas.
3. Carry out regression analysis on the variables of the needs of the teachers in rural areas and their choice of behaviors and offer the relative countermeasures of the management of the teachers in rural areas.
引文
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[1]熊川武,管理心理学[M],广东高等教育出版社,2003年,第81-82页
[1]何李方,农村中小学教师流失问题研究[D],华东师范大学硕士学位论文,2006年
[1]张丽娟.教师需要的特点及其管理策略[J].山西大学师范学院学报,2002.02
[2]石晓春,马晓发,教师需要探[J].大连教育学院学报,2003-6
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[1](北京师范大学教育改革与发展研究中心,《2000年中国教育发展报告-教育体制的改革与创新》,北京:北京师范大学出版社,2000年)
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[1]熊川武,管理心理学[M],广东高等教育出版社,2003年,第81-82页
[1]何李方,农村中小学教师流失问题研究[D],华东师范大学硕士学位论文,2006年
[1]张丽娟.教师需要的特点及其管理策略[J].山西大学师范学院学报,2002.02
[2]石晓春,马晓发,教师需要探[J].大连教育学院学报,2003-6
[1]何建中,教育理论与实践[M].1994.5,第38-90页
[2]柴万发,吉林省中小学教师需要现状的调查[J],现代中小学教育,1994.5
[3]温惠琴,论教师的需要及其管理[J],江西教育科研,1996(4)
[1](北京师范大学教育改革与发展研究中心,《2000年中国教育发展报告-教育体制的改革与创新》,北京:北京师范大学出版社,2000年)
[1]熊川武,管理心理学[M],广东高等教育出版社,2003年,第81-82页
[1]陈维翰.现代教育心理统计--思想、方法、技术[M].贵阳:贵州人民出版社,2003
[2]陈孝彬.教育管理学[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,1999
[3]陈向明.在行动中做质的研究[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2003
[4]陈正昌.多变量分析方法[M].中国税务出版社,2005
[5]陈永明.现代教师论[M].上海:上海教育出版社,1999
[6]陈言贵.农村中小学骨干教师流失现象思考[J].当代教育科学,2003(11).
[7]毕正宇.黄冈市中小学教师流失的调查研究[D].华中师范大学硕士学位论文,2003(5)
[8]毕铁居.中学教师需要特征及激励管理研究--山东菏泽城区中学实证调查[D]
[9]毕正宇.贫困地区中小学教师外流现象的社会学分析[J].教学与管理,2004(7).
[10]金一鸣.教育社会学[M].石家庄:河北教育出版社,1999
[11]姜昌力.经济欠发达地区乡镇中学教师流动的现状及对策研究--以江苏东海为个案[D].2004
[12]梁荣辉,章炼,封文波.教育心理多元统计与SPSS软件[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2004
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