小功率单片开关电源的理论与实验研究
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摘要
摘 要
当今开关电源正向着集成化、智能化的方向发展，高度集成、功能强大的
单片开关电源代表着当今开关电源发展的主流方向。本论文围绕当前流行的单
片开关电源芯片进行了小功率开关电源的研究。从理论和实验两方面较为深入
地研究了单片集成开关稳压电源的特性，设计出一种实用的双路输出精密复合
式开关稳压电源，可用作半导体激光器驱动电源中的精密电压源。该电源采用
三端单片开关电源芯片——TOPSwitch-Ⅱ器件作为前级稳压器，给低压差线性
稳压器 LT1528 提供直流输入电压，然后利用低压差线性稳压器 LT1528 获得
高质量的稳压输出。对该电源的滤波、整流、反馈、软启动及保护电路等分别
作了细致的研究工作，并通过反复试验取得了高频变压器设计的宝贵经验，掌
握了单片开关电源设计的核心技术。就如何抑制开关电源输出电压纹波较大，
提出了一些较为行之有效的方案和措施，并进行了相关实验。根据 TOPSwitch-
Ⅱ器件的特殊要求，进行了印制电路板的设计，得出了该电源 PCB 布线的指
导思想，这对于开关电源的研究设计是十分重要的。在三端单片开关电源理论
与实验的基础上，采用五端单片开关电源芯片——TOPSwitch-FX 作为核心器
件进行了单片开关电源智能化的初步研究，提出一种智能化多路输出开关稳压
电源的设计方案。该电源主要利用 TOPSwitch-FX 芯片的多功能端 M 实现电
源的智能化控制，具有对运行的开关电路进行监测、显示电源状态和全程控制
的功能，并能进行故障自诊断、对电源实现自动保护。论文从该智能化多路输
出开关稳压电源主电路的设计，高频变压器的设计，单片机控制系统的软硬件
设计等几个方面作了较为详细的论述。
Single-chip switching power supply Integrated Circuit is the latest evolved In the
world. It has the virtues of high integration level, most cost effective lowest
component count switcher solution, high performance, forming high efficiency power
supply and so on. It has widely application over the world. The latest single-chip
switching power supply devices of Power Integration are investigated particularly in
the thesis. The paper includes the following four parts:
Introduce the history and the develop trend of the single-chip switching power
supply, and the classify of switching power supply circuit, and its work principle.
Introduce the products of single-chip switching power supply. Analyse the work
principle of single-chip switching power supply. Especially, introduce the inside fabric
and characteristic of TOPSwitch-Ⅱ and TOPSwitch-FX.
Having overcome the disadvantages of ponderous, inefficient linear power source,
switching power supplies are widely applied in many fields. But the rippie and low
precision make it impossible to replace linear power source completely. The
combination switching power supply with double outputs is designed in this paper.
This power supply has not only the advantage of the general switching power supply
but also the high perfect stability in voltage. It can be applied to the power supply of
diode laster. The design of high frequency transformer is a key technique of the
single-chip switching power supply. The application of an apt transformer can
improve the performance of power supply and is one of the directions of precise source.
According to the special demands of TOPSwitch-Ⅱ device, the devices are arranged and
routed properly in the PCB board.
A multi-output switching power supply controlled by the single-chip computer is
also introduced in this paper. which is an good circuit to illustrate the main techniques
of digital controlled intelligent source module. The power supply utilize the
multi-function foot——M of TOPSwitch-FX device and the single-chip computer
AT89C51 to realize the intelligent control of the multi-output power supply.
当今开关电源正向着集成化、智能化的方向发展，高度集成、功能强大的
单片开关电源代表着当今开关电源发展的主流方向。本论文围绕当前流行的单
片开关电源芯片进行了小功率开关电源的研究。从理论和实验两方面较为深入
地研究了单片集成开关稳压电源的特性，设计出一种实用的双路输出精密复合
式开关稳压电源，可用作半导体激光器驱动电源中的精密电压源。该电源采用
三端单片开关电源芯片——TOPSwitch-Ⅱ器件作为前级稳压器，给低压差线性
稳压器 LT1528 提供直流输入电压，然后利用低压差线性稳压器 LT1528 获得
高质量的稳压输出。对该电源的滤波、整流、反馈、软启动及保护电路等分别
作了细致的研究工作，并通过反复试验取得了高频变压器设计的宝贵经验，掌
握了单片开关电源设计的核心技术。就如何抑制开关电源输出电压纹波较大，
提出了一些较为行之有效的方案和措施，并进行了相关实验。根据 TOPSwitch-
Ⅱ器件的特殊要求，进行了印制电路板的设计，得出了该电源 PCB 布线的指
导思想，这对于开关电源的研究设计是十分重要的。在三端单片开关电源理论
与实验的基础上，采用五端单片开关电源芯片——TOPSwitch-FX 作为核心器
件进行了单片开关电源智能化的初步研究，提出一种智能化多路输出开关稳压
电源的设计方案。该电源主要利用 TOPSwitch-FX 芯片的多功能端 M 实现电
源的智能化控制，具有对运行的开关电路进行监测、显示电源状态和全程控制
的功能，并能进行故障自诊断、对电源实现自动保护。论文从该智能化多路输
出开关稳压电源主电路的设计，高频变压器的设计，单片机控制系统的软硬件
设计等几个方面作了较为详细的论述。
Single-chip switching power supply Integrated Circuit is the latest evolved In the
world. It has the virtues of high integration level, most cost effective lowest
component count switcher solution, high performance, forming high efficiency power
supply and so on. It has widely application over the world. The latest single-chip
switching power supply devices of Power Integration are investigated particularly in
the thesis. The paper includes the following four parts:
Introduce the history and the develop trend of the single-chip switching power
supply, and the classify of switching power supply circuit, and its work principle.
Introduce the products of single-chip switching power supply. Analyse the work
principle of single-chip switching power supply. Especially, introduce the inside fabric
and characteristic of TOPSwitch-Ⅱ and TOPSwitch-FX.
Having overcome the disadvantages of ponderous, inefficient linear power source,
switching power supplies are widely applied in many fields. But the rippie and low
precision make it impossible to replace linear power source completely. The
combination switching power supply with double outputs is designed in this paper.
This power supply has not only the advantage of the general switching power supply
but also the high perfect stability in voltage. It can be applied to the power supply of
diode laster. The design of high frequency transformer is a key technique of the
single-chip switching power supply. The application of an apt transformer can
improve the performance of power supply and is one of the directions of precise source.
According to the special demands of TOPSwitch-Ⅱ device, the devices are arranged and
routed properly in the PCB board.
A multi-output switching power supply controlled by the single-chip computer is
also introduced in this paper. which is an good circuit to illustrate the main techniques
of digital controlled intelligent source module. The power supply utilize the
multi-function foot——M of TOPSwitch-FX device and the single-chip computer
AT89C51 to realize the intelligent control of the multi-output power supply.
引文
[1] 沙占友. 新型单片开关电源实用技术. 电子工业出版社, 2001:1-2,
[2] 沙占友. 单片开关电源的发展趋势. 电气时代,2003(8):53-54
[3] 丁道宏. 国内外开关电源的发展展望. 华东地区首届电源技术研讨会论文集, 2000:1-5
[4] 沙占友. 单片开关电源新技术概述. 电子设计应用 2003:86-87
[5] 沙占友. 开关电源的新技术及其应用. 电力电子技术, 2003, 37(3):69-71
[6] 张占松, 蔡宣三. 开关电源的原理与设计. 电子工业出版社, 1998
[7] Power Integration, INC. Flyback Design Methodology Application. Note AN-16
[8] Power Integration, INC. Designing Multiple Output Flyback Power Supplies with TOPSwitch
Application. Note AN-22
[9] Power Integration, INC. Supplemental Data Book and Design Guide, 1998
[10] 柏松, 陆鸣. TOPSwitch 器件在电源中的应用. 电源技术与应用, 2001, 4(1):19-23
[11] 沙占友, 张英, 唱春来, 王彦鹏. 三端单片开关电源的原理与应用. 电测与仪表,
2000,37(7):47-49
[12] 曹丰文. TOPSwitch 单片开关电源及其应用. 苏州职业大学学报, 2002(1):52-54
[13] 沙占友, 王彦朋, 王晓君.TOPSwitch-FX系列单片开关电源原理.单片机与嵌入式系统应
用,2001(1):40-41
[14] 沙占友, 王晓君, 唱春来.MC33370 系列单片开关电源的原理与应用. 仪表技术,2000,(5)
[15] 潘腾, 林明耀, 李强. 基于 TOP224Y 芯片的单端反激式开关电源. 电力电子技术，2003，
37(2):20-22
[16] 马家驹,于意仲,陈进,姚建铨. 新型单片开关电源的电磁干扰及其抑制. 河北工业大学学
报.2003,32(2):67-70
[17] 赵皊. 用 TOPSwitch 芯片设计的反激式开关电源. 现代雷达, 2003,(7):50-53
[18] 于海生, 蔡建荣, 刘健. Topswitch 集成电路在 DC/DC 电源设计中的应用. 微电子学,
2003,33(2):169-171
[19] 马学军.一种新型单片开关电源的设计与实验.黄石高等专科学校学报,2000,16(3):12-14
[20] 李乃英.一种新型单片开关电源的设计.电力电子技术,1999
[21] 金名.低压差线性稳压器.电子世界.2001(7):46
[22] Linear Technology.3A Low Dropout Regulator for Microprocessor Applications.Databook
[23] Perez, R..A. Comparative assessment between linear and switching power supplies in portable
electronic devices. IEEE International Symposium. Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2000,2:839 – 843
[24] 沙占友. EMI 滤波器的设计原理. 电子技术应用, 2001(5):46-48
[25] 李哲英,李晓光,陈同占.现代电子系统小功率直流稳压电源设计.中国铁道出版
社.1996:50-57
[26] 刘胜利. 现代高频开关电源实用技术. 电子工业出版社,2001
[27] 李强, 白晓东, 周洪直. 一种高性能开关电源. 北京工业大学学报,1999,25(4):111-112
[28] 黄赞武. 高频开关电源的设计. 中国农业大学工学硕士. 2000
[29] 马杰. DC/DC 数控电源中降低输出纹波的研究. 浙江大学硕士学位论文. 2003
[30] Kchikach.开关电源电磁干扰问题的研究.浙江大学博士学位论文.2002
[31] 杜中义.开关电源输出纹波抑制措施的研究.电力电子技术,1996(4):55-57
[32] 戴永军,虞利明,孙良伟.开关电源噪声的产生原因及抑制方法.华东地区首届电源技术研
68
参考文献
讨会论文集.杭州,2000:216-220
[33] Rui Liu, Caldeira, P., Kustera, D. A low noise, multi-output and multi-resonant flyback
power supply for television application. Conference Record . Southcon,1994.:546 – 551
[34] Hai Yan Lu, Jian Guo Zhu, Hui, S.Y.R. Experimental determination of stray capacitances in
high frequency transformers. Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions, 2003,18 :1105 – 1112
[35] Inaba, C.Y., Konishi, Y., Nakaoka, M. High frequency transformer-assisted passive soft
switching PWM DC-DC converter with energy recovery for compact auxiliary power supply in
rolling stock transportation. Industry Applications Conference, 2003,3:1906 - 1911
[36] Franki N.K.Poon. EMI design techniques for switching mode power supply.Artesyn
Technologies Co.Report,1999
[37] J.Walker. Design of practical and effective Active EMI filters. Proc Of Poweron, 1984,3:1-8
[38] Wang Y, Joos G, Jin H. DC-side shunt-active power filter for phase-controlled magnet-load
power supplies. IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, 1997,12(5):765-771
[39] 邓瑛,杨春燕. TOPSwitch-FX 系列高频功率开关控制器 TOP232～234 的应用. 国外电子
元器件,2000,(8):19-21
[40] 许燕雯.多路数控精密开关电源的控制系统研究.浙江大学硕士学位论文.2003
[41] S.U.Ahmad, D.R.Kohli. Design and Analysis of Pulse_Width Modulated Closed_Loop DC Drive
Torsional System Using Parameter Plane Technique.Electric Machines and Power Systems,1999,(27)
[42] 沙占友,王晓君,马洪涛.由微控制器控制的单片开关电源电路设计.今日电子,2002(6):40-42
[43] Youichi Ito,Shoichi Kawauchi.Microprocessor-based robust digital control for UPS with
three-phase PWM inverter.IEEE Trans on Power Electron,1995,10(2):196-203
[44] 刘海成,师宇杰.智能型开关电源的单片机控制系统.信息工程学院学报,1998,17(3):37-39
[45] 沙占友, 王彦明, 王晓君. 线性光耦合器在开关电源中的应用. 通信电源技术, 2001(2):25-26
[46] Liu, G., Polis, M.P., Roach, D. Multistage switching power supply circuits. Proceedings of the
35th Midwest Symposium Circuits and Systems, 1992,1:233 - 236
[47] Bernoux, P., Aloisi, P. New diodes for high frequency power supplies. New Developments in
Power Semiconductor Devices, IEE Colloquium , 1991:411 – 418
[48] 刘建明. 智能型高频开关直流电源的应用. 四川电力技术,1999,4:58-60
[49] 吕征宇, 陈国柱. 电力电子中的数字化控制技术.机电工程增刊,2001,18:1-4
[50] 孙育才. MCS-51 系列单片微型计算机及其应用. 东南大学出版社,1997
[51] 宋开军, 杨国渝. 基于单片机的智能稳压电源. 电子技术, 2003(5):58-59
[52] 潘永才,杨维明,傅俊箐.智能高频开关电源监控系统的实现.通信电源技术,2001(4):27-29
[53] 沙占友, 王晓君, 王彦朋. TOPSwitch-FX 系列单片开关电源的应用. 单片机与嵌入式系
统应用,2001(2):32-34
[54] Bowes S. R.,Advanced Regular-sampled PWM Control Techniques for Drives and Static
Power Converters. IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, 1995, 42(4):367-373
[55] Power Integration, INC. TOPSwitch-FX Flyback Quick Selection Curves Application Note
AN-26
[56] 沙占友, 周万珍, 白云飞. TOPSwitch-FX 系列单片开关电源控制电路的设计.通信电源
技术,2001(3):10-12
[2] 沙占友. 单片开关电源的发展趋势. 电气时代,2003(8):53-54
[3] 丁道宏. 国内外开关电源的发展展望. 华东地区首届电源技术研讨会论文集, 2000:1-5
[4] 沙占友. 单片开关电源新技术概述. 电子设计应用 2003:86-87
[5] 沙占友. 开关电源的新技术及其应用. 电力电子技术, 2003, 37(3):69-71
[6] 张占松, 蔡宣三. 开关电源的原理与设计. 电子工业出版社, 1998
[7] Power Integration, INC. Flyback Design Methodology Application. Note AN-16
[8] Power Integration, INC. Designing Multiple Output Flyback Power Supplies with TOPSwitch
Application. Note AN-22
[9] Power Integration, INC. Supplemental Data Book and Design Guide, 1998
[10] 柏松, 陆鸣. TOPSwitch 器件在电源中的应用. 电源技术与应用, 2001, 4(1):19-23
[11] 沙占友, 张英, 唱春来, 王彦鹏. 三端单片开关电源的原理与应用. 电测与仪表,
2000,37(7):47-49
[12] 曹丰文. TOPSwitch 单片开关电源及其应用. 苏州职业大学学报, 2002(1):52-54
[13] 沙占友, 王彦朋, 王晓君.TOPSwitch-FX系列单片开关电源原理.单片机与嵌入式系统应
用,2001(1):40-41
[14] 沙占友, 王晓君, 唱春来.MC33370 系列单片开关电源的原理与应用. 仪表技术,2000,(5)
[15] 潘腾, 林明耀, 李强. 基于 TOP224Y 芯片的单端反激式开关电源. 电力电子技术，2003，
37(2):20-22
[16] 马家驹,于意仲,陈进,姚建铨. 新型单片开关电源的电磁干扰及其抑制. 河北工业大学学
报.2003,32(2):67-70
[17] 赵皊. 用 TOPSwitch 芯片设计的反激式开关电源. 现代雷达, 2003,(7):50-53
[18] 于海生, 蔡建荣, 刘健. Topswitch 集成电路在 DC/DC 电源设计中的应用. 微电子学,
2003,33(2):169-171
[19] 马学军.一种新型单片开关电源的设计与实验.黄石高等专科学校学报,2000,16(3):12-14
[20] 李乃英.一种新型单片开关电源的设计.电力电子技术,1999
[21] 金名.低压差线性稳压器.电子世界.2001(7):46
[22] Linear Technology.3A Low Dropout Regulator for Microprocessor Applications.Databook
[23] Perez, R..A. Comparative assessment between linear and switching power supplies in portable
electronic devices. IEEE International Symposium. Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2000,2:839 – 843
[24] 沙占友. EMI 滤波器的设计原理. 电子技术应用, 2001(5):46-48
[25] 李哲英,李晓光,陈同占.现代电子系统小功率直流稳压电源设计.中国铁道出版
社.1996:50-57
[26] 刘胜利. 现代高频开关电源实用技术. 电子工业出版社,2001
[27] 李强, 白晓东, 周洪直. 一种高性能开关电源. 北京工业大学学报,1999,25(4):111-112
[28] 黄赞武. 高频开关电源的设计. 中国农业大学工学硕士. 2000
[29] 马杰. DC/DC 数控电源中降低输出纹波的研究. 浙江大学硕士学位论文. 2003
[30] Kchikach.开关电源电磁干扰问题的研究.浙江大学博士学位论文.2002
[31] 杜中义.开关电源输出纹波抑制措施的研究.电力电子技术,1996(4):55-57
[32] 戴永军,虞利明,孙良伟.开关电源噪声的产生原因及抑制方法.华东地区首届电源技术研
68
参考文献
讨会论文集.杭州,2000:216-220
[33] Rui Liu, Caldeira, P., Kustera, D. A low noise, multi-output and multi-resonant flyback
power supply for television application. Conference Record . Southcon,1994.:546 – 551
[34] Hai Yan Lu, Jian Guo Zhu, Hui, S.Y.R. Experimental determination of stray capacitances in
high frequency transformers. Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions, 2003,18 :1105 – 1112
[35] Inaba, C.Y., Konishi, Y., Nakaoka, M. High frequency transformer-assisted passive soft
switching PWM DC-DC converter with energy recovery for compact auxiliary power supply in
rolling stock transportation. Industry Applications Conference, 2003,3:1906 - 1911
[36] Franki N.K.Poon. EMI design techniques for switching mode power supply.Artesyn
Technologies Co.Report,1999
[37] J.Walker. Design of practical and effective Active EMI filters. Proc Of Poweron, 1984,3:1-8
[38] Wang Y, Joos G, Jin H. DC-side shunt-active power filter for phase-controlled magnet-load
power supplies. IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, 1997,12(5):765-771
[39] 邓瑛,杨春燕. TOPSwitch-FX 系列高频功率开关控制器 TOP232～234 的应用. 国外电子
元器件,2000,(8):19-21
[40] 许燕雯.多路数控精密开关电源的控制系统研究.浙江大学硕士学位论文.2003
[41] S.U.Ahmad, D.R.Kohli. Design and Analysis of Pulse_Width Modulated Closed_Loop DC Drive
Torsional System Using Parameter Plane Technique.Electric Machines and Power Systems,1999,(27)
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