混乱下的清晰——从叙事时间、聚焦和叙事话语解读《喧哗与骚动》
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摘要
伟大的作品往往都是内容与形式的统一。20世纪美国著名小说家福克纳的代表作《喧哗与骚动》也不例外,正是其独特的形式和复杂的写作技巧成功地传达出福克纳想要表现的南方主题。
本篇论文主要依据法国理论家杰拉尔·热奈特的叙事理论,对《喧哗与骚动》中的叙事技巧进行研究。论文共由五部分组成。第一章简要进行文献综述及介绍热奈特的叙事理论。第二章主要从叙事时间角度来分析《喧哗与骚动》。第三章通过多样的聚焦方式来研究这篇小说。在第四章,对小说中运用的不同的叙事话语进行了分析。第五章总结全文,再次强调这三种叙事手法对本小说的影响。
The great works are often the unity of content and form. So is The Sound and the Fury which is the masterpiece of William Faulkner—one of the most famous American novelist in the 20th century. It is the novel’s unique form and complicated writing techniques that convey the theme successfully.
This thesis analyzes the narrative strategies of The Sound and the Fury in the light of the French theorist Gernard Genette’s theory of narratology. The thesis is composed of five parts. Chapter One contains literature review and a brief introduction of Genette’s narratology. Chapter Two analyzes The Sound and the Fury from the aspect of narrative time. Chapter Three explores the novel from the aspect focalization. In Chapter Four, the variable narrative discourses in the novel are analyzed. Chapter Five is the conclusion which sums up the effects of these three narrative strategies that Faulkner adopts in the novel.
本篇论文主要依据法国理论家杰拉尔·热奈特的叙事理论,对《喧哗与骚动》中的叙事技巧进行研究。论文共由五部分组成。第一章简要进行文献综述及介绍热奈特的叙事理论。第二章主要从叙事时间角度来分析《喧哗与骚动》。第三章通过多样的聚焦方式来研究这篇小说。在第四章,对小说中运用的不同的叙事话语进行了分析。第五章总结全文,再次强调这三种叙事手法对本小说的影响。
The great works are often the unity of content and form. So is The Sound and the Fury which is the masterpiece of William Faulkner—one of the most famous American novelist in the 20th century. It is the novel’s unique form and complicated writing techniques that convey the theme successfully.
This thesis analyzes the narrative strategies of The Sound and the Fury in the light of the French theorist Gernard Genette’s theory of narratology. The thesis is composed of five parts. Chapter One contains literature review and a brief introduction of Genette’s narratology. Chapter Two analyzes The Sound and the Fury from the aspect of narrative time. Chapter Three explores the novel from the aspect focalization. In Chapter Four, the variable narrative discourses in the novel are analyzed. Chapter Five is the conclusion which sums up the effects of these three narrative strategies that Faulkner adopts in the novel.
引文
[1] Alphen, E, Bal, M & Smith, C Eds. The Rhetoric of Sincerity [M]. Stanford Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2009.
[2] Blotner, J Eds. Selected Letters of William Faulkner [M]. New York: Random House Inc., 1977.
[3] Booth, W. C. The Rhetoric of Fiction [M]. Chicago: the University of Chicago Press, 1983.
[4] Boyd, B. On the Origin of Stories: Evolution, Cognition, and Fiction [M]. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2009.
[5] Brooks, C. William Faulkner: The Yoknapatawpha Country [M]. New Haven and London: Tale University Press, 1963.
[6] Chatman, S. Story and Discourse [M]. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1978.
[7] Faulkner, W. The Sound and the Fury: an Authoritative Text Background and Context Criticism [M]. New York: W. W. Norton & Company Inc., 1994.
[8] Faulkner W. Faulkner in the University: Class Conference at the University of Virginia 1957-1958 [M]. Frederick L. Gwynn and Joseph Blotner, eds. New York: University Press of Virginia, 1959.
[9] Genette G. Narrative Discourse [M]. J. E. Lewin, trans. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1980.
[10] Polk, N Eds. New Essays on The Sound and the Fury [M]. Beijing: Peking University Press, 2007.
[11] Prince, G. A Dictionary of Narratology [M]. Lincon: University of Nebraska Press, 1987.
[12] Railey, K. Natural Aristocracy: History, Ideology, and the Production of William Faulkner [M]. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1999.
[13] Rimmon, K. Narrative Fiction [M]. London: Methuen Press, 1983.
[14] Sartre, J. P. On The Sound and the Fury: Time in the Work of Faulkner. In Literary and Philosophical Essays [C]. Annette Michelson, trans. London: Rosica Colin Ltd., 1975.
[15] Shakespeare, W. Macbeth [M]. London: Faber & Gwyer Ltd., 1969.
[16] Stephen, M. R. & Polk, N. Reading Faulkner. The Sound and the Fury: Glossary and Commentary [M]. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1996.
[17] Urgo, J. R. & Abadie, A. J. Eds. Faulkner and the Ecology of the South: Faulkner and Yoknapatawpha 2003 [M]. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2005.
[18] Vickery, O. W. The Sound and the Fury: A Study in Perspective. In The Novels of William Faulkner: A Critical Interpretation [C]. New York: Louisiana State University Press, 1987.
[19] Weinstein, P. M. Eds. The Cambridge Companion to William Faulkner [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. 2000.
[20]布斯.小说修辞学,华明等译[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 1987.
[21]陈红.论《宠儿》的叙事策略[D].长沙:湖南师范大学, 2004.
[22]杜海莉.福克纳对反复叙事的解构和革新——以《喧哗与骚动》为例[J].时代文学, 2008, (04): 115-116.
[23]费伦.作为修辞的叙事技巧、读者、伦理、意识形态[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 2002.
[24]冯春园.傻子眼中的世界——《喧哗与骚动》中班吉叙事视角的陌生化解读[J].山西大同大学学报(社会科学版), 2008, (02): 60-62.
[25]福克纳.福克纳短篇小说集[M].南京:译林出版社, 2001.
[26]傅修延主编.叙事丛刊第一辑[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社, 2008.
[27]姜波.论《喧哗与骚动》中时间结构的合理性[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学, 2007.
[28]李盈慧.《针眼》叙事艺术[D].济南:山东师范大学, 2008.
[29]刘加媚.论现代主义小说的意识流文体[J].广西师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版), 2006, (04): 49-53.
[30]刘瑛.意识流手法在福克纳的《喧嚣与骚动》中的运用.湖北:华中师范大学, 2000.
[31]热拉尔·热奈特.叙事话语·新叙事话语,王文融译[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社, 1990.
[32]热拉尔·热奈特.热奈特论文选,史中义译[C].开封:河南大学出版社, 2009.
[33]热拉尔·热奈特等,阎嘉主编.文学理论精粹读本[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社, 2006.
[34]申丹,韩加明,王丽亚.英美文学叙事理论研究[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 2005.
[35]申丹.叙述学与小说文体学研究[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 2004.
[36]申丹主编,新叙事理论译丛[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 2003.
[37]师蕾.《喧哗与骚动》中班吉意识流的艺术特征[J].山西大学学报(社会科学版), 2005, (04): 98-100.
[38]田平.《喧哗与骚动》的解构叙事[D].合肥:安徽大学, 2003.
[39]王文华.谈热奈特的叙事时序理论[J].云南财贸学院学报, 2007, (02): 133-134.
[40]王勇.自由间接话语与叙事声音[J].山东大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2004, (05): 36-41.
[41]威廉·福克纳.喧哗与骚动,李文俊译[M].上海:上海译文出版社, 1984.
[42]吴胜利.《喧哗与骚动》之后经典叙事[D].合肥:安徽大学, 2007.
[43]伍茂国.现代小说叙事伦理[M].北京:新华出版社, 2008.
[45]希利斯·米勒.解读叙事[M].申丹译.北京:北京大学出版社, 2002.
[46]杨凤.《喧哗与骚动》的心理解析[D].昆明:云南师范大学, 2005.
[2] Blotner, J Eds. Selected Letters of William Faulkner [M]. New York: Random House Inc., 1977.
[3] Booth, W. C. The Rhetoric of Fiction [M]. Chicago: the University of Chicago Press, 1983.
[4] Boyd, B. On the Origin of Stories: Evolution, Cognition, and Fiction [M]. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2009.
[5] Brooks, C. William Faulkner: The Yoknapatawpha Country [M]. New Haven and London: Tale University Press, 1963.
[6] Chatman, S. Story and Discourse [M]. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1978.
[7] Faulkner, W. The Sound and the Fury: an Authoritative Text Background and Context Criticism [M]. New York: W. W. Norton & Company Inc., 1994.
[8] Faulkner W. Faulkner in the University: Class Conference at the University of Virginia 1957-1958 [M]. Frederick L. Gwynn and Joseph Blotner, eds. New York: University Press of Virginia, 1959.
[9] Genette G. Narrative Discourse [M]. J. E. Lewin, trans. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1980.
[10] Polk, N Eds. New Essays on The Sound and the Fury [M]. Beijing: Peking University Press, 2007.
[11] Prince, G. A Dictionary of Narratology [M]. Lincon: University of Nebraska Press, 1987.
[12] Railey, K. Natural Aristocracy: History, Ideology, and the Production of William Faulkner [M]. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1999.
[13] Rimmon, K. Narrative Fiction [M]. London: Methuen Press, 1983.
[14] Sartre, J. P. On The Sound and the Fury: Time in the Work of Faulkner. In Literary and Philosophical Essays [C]. Annette Michelson, trans. London: Rosica Colin Ltd., 1975.
[15] Shakespeare, W. Macbeth [M]. London: Faber & Gwyer Ltd., 1969.
[16] Stephen, M. R. & Polk, N. Reading Faulkner. The Sound and the Fury: Glossary and Commentary [M]. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1996.
[17] Urgo, J. R. & Abadie, A. J. Eds. Faulkner and the Ecology of the South: Faulkner and Yoknapatawpha 2003 [M]. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2005.
[18] Vickery, O. W. The Sound and the Fury: A Study in Perspective. In The Novels of William Faulkner: A Critical Interpretation [C]. New York: Louisiana State University Press, 1987.
[19] Weinstein, P. M. Eds. The Cambridge Companion to William Faulkner [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. 2000.
[20]布斯.小说修辞学,华明等译[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 1987.
[21]陈红.论《宠儿》的叙事策略[D].长沙:湖南师范大学, 2004.
[22]杜海莉.福克纳对反复叙事的解构和革新——以《喧哗与骚动》为例[J].时代文学, 2008, (04): 115-116.
[23]费伦.作为修辞的叙事技巧、读者、伦理、意识形态[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 2002.
[24]冯春园.傻子眼中的世界——《喧哗与骚动》中班吉叙事视角的陌生化解读[J].山西大同大学学报(社会科学版), 2008, (02): 60-62.
[25]福克纳.福克纳短篇小说集[M].南京:译林出版社, 2001.
[26]傅修延主编.叙事丛刊第一辑[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社, 2008.
[27]姜波.论《喧哗与骚动》中时间结构的合理性[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学, 2007.
[28]李盈慧.《针眼》叙事艺术[D].济南:山东师范大学, 2008.
[29]刘加媚.论现代主义小说的意识流文体[J].广西师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版), 2006, (04): 49-53.
[30]刘瑛.意识流手法在福克纳的《喧嚣与骚动》中的运用.湖北:华中师范大学, 2000.
[31]热拉尔·热奈特.叙事话语·新叙事话语,王文融译[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社, 1990.
[32]热拉尔·热奈特.热奈特论文选,史中义译[C].开封:河南大学出版社, 2009.
[33]热拉尔·热奈特等,阎嘉主编.文学理论精粹读本[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社, 2006.
[34]申丹,韩加明,王丽亚.英美文学叙事理论研究[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 2005.
[35]申丹.叙述学与小说文体学研究[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 2004.
[36]申丹主编,新叙事理论译丛[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 2003.
[37]师蕾.《喧哗与骚动》中班吉意识流的艺术特征[J].山西大学学报(社会科学版), 2005, (04): 98-100.
[38]田平.《喧哗与骚动》的解构叙事[D].合肥:安徽大学, 2003.
[39]王文华.谈热奈特的叙事时序理论[J].云南财贸学院学报, 2007, (02): 133-134.
[40]王勇.自由间接话语与叙事声音[J].山东大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2004, (05): 36-41.
[41]威廉·福克纳.喧哗与骚动,李文俊译[M].上海:上海译文出版社, 1984.
[42]吴胜利.《喧哗与骚动》之后经典叙事[D].合肥:安徽大学, 2007.
[43]伍茂国.现代小说叙事伦理[M].北京:新华出版社, 2008.
[45]希利斯·米勒.解读叙事[M].申丹译.北京:北京大学出版社, 2002.
[46]杨凤.《喧哗与骚动》的心理解析[D].昆明:云南师范大学, 2005.