基于国标DTV单载波模式的载波恢复算法研究
|
摘要
高清晰度数字电视(HDTV)是当今广播行业最引人注目的焦点之一,具有很大的市场潜力,对国家的政治、经济、文化和生活等各方面都会产生深远影响。在中国地面数字电视传输标准颁布以前,世界上已经形成了三大地面数字电视标准,分别是:美国的ATSC标准(Advanced Television Systems Commitee)、欧洲的DVB-T标准(Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial)以及日本的ISDB-T标准(Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting-Terrestrial)。2006年8月30日,中国标准化管理委员会发布了《数字电视地面广播传输系统帧结构、信道编码和调制》标准,并已于2007年8月1日起正式实施。该标准的颁布和实施为我国地面数字电视业务的开展奠定了基础,并全面启动了我国数字电视市场。
在数字电视接收机的设计中,同步问题是首先要考虑的,同步可以说是接收机实现的基础,只有具备了可靠的同步能力,才能使系统中的其他部分,如均衡和解码,正常工作。载波恢复是同步的重要组成部分,也是本文紧紧围绕研究的课题。由于接收端本振时钟的不精确以及信道的快速衰落使得被传送信号偏离中心频谱,会导致下变频后的基带信号存在一定的频率偏移:同时,信号的相位在传输过程中也会因有线信道的时变特性、下变频电路等引起一定的抖动。这些原因所引起的频率和相位偏差都需要通过载波恢复来补偿。
在本文中,笔者首先对中国地面数字电视广播传输系统进行了介绍,并针对《数字电视地面广播传输系统帧结构、信道编码和调制》标准,采用理论分析和实验结果相结合的方法提出了一种可应用于国标DTV单载波模式的双导频载波恢复算法,重点对算法的原理和结构进行了说明。该算法充分利用了国标单载波模式下双导频的特点,通过两个独立的锁频锁相环分别利用正负导频完成频偏估计,并采用环路加权求和的方式对抗多径干扰所导致的导频衰落。最后在C仿真平台上,对算法在高斯白噪声信道和多径信道等条件下的性能进行了仿真。仿真结果证明,本算法在多径信道条件下,能改善单一导频发生衰落时所导致的性能恶化,相对单导频载波恢复算法具有更好的性能。
HDTV is recently one of the hot points in the broadcasting industry. It has gigantic market potential, and will influence the polity, economy, culture and life in a nation. Before Chinese DTTB standard came out, there has been three main standards of terrestrial broadcasting of digital television : ATSC(U.S.A), DVB-T(Europe) and ISDB-T(Japan). On August 30~(th) in 2006, Chinese DTTB standard GB20600-2006 was issued by the Standardization Administration of China(SAC), and was carried into execution on August 1~(st) in 2007. The issue and actualization of Chinese DTTB standard established the foundation for the development of Chinese terrestrial DTV, and started up Chinese DTV market.
During the process of DTV receiver designing, synchronization is principal. It is the basic of other part's well-working, such as equalization and decoding. Carrier recovery is the chief component of synchronization, and also is the central part of this paper. Because of the imprecision of the local oscillator clock and the channel's fast decline, transmitted signal may depart from the central frequency, which will result in the frequecy offset of the baseband signal after down-converting. At the same time, during the process of transmission, the cable channel's time-variation and the down-converting circuit may arouse phase jitter. Both frequency offset and phase jitter need carrier recovery to compensate.
In this paper, the author introduced the Chinese DTTB transmission system firstly. In succession, through theoretic analysis and simulation, this paper presented a new dual-pilot carrier recovery algorithm, which can be applied to the single-carrier mode in the national DTTB Standard and focused on illuminating the principle and structure of the new algorithm. This algorithm takes full advantage of dual-pilot under single-carrier mode, and utilizes a couple of independent FPLL to estimate frequency offset. Furthermore, this algorithm adopts weighted adding to resist pilot decline caused by multipath-interference. At the end of the paper, the algorithm was simulated under different channel condition such as AWGN, SSE and DSE, and was proved to have better performance than single-pilot carrier recovery algorithm in multipath channel.
在数字电视接收机的设计中,同步问题是首先要考虑的,同步可以说是接收机实现的基础,只有具备了可靠的同步能力,才能使系统中的其他部分,如均衡和解码,正常工作。载波恢复是同步的重要组成部分,也是本文紧紧围绕研究的课题。由于接收端本振时钟的不精确以及信道的快速衰落使得被传送信号偏离中心频谱,会导致下变频后的基带信号存在一定的频率偏移:同时,信号的相位在传输过程中也会因有线信道的时变特性、下变频电路等引起一定的抖动。这些原因所引起的频率和相位偏差都需要通过载波恢复来补偿。
在本文中,笔者首先对中国地面数字电视广播传输系统进行了介绍,并针对《数字电视地面广播传输系统帧结构、信道编码和调制》标准,采用理论分析和实验结果相结合的方法提出了一种可应用于国标DTV单载波模式的双导频载波恢复算法,重点对算法的原理和结构进行了说明。该算法充分利用了国标单载波模式下双导频的特点,通过两个独立的锁频锁相环分别利用正负导频完成频偏估计,并采用环路加权求和的方式对抗多径干扰所导致的导频衰落。最后在C仿真平台上,对算法在高斯白噪声信道和多径信道等条件下的性能进行了仿真。仿真结果证明,本算法在多径信道条件下,能改善单一导频发生衰落时所导致的性能恶化,相对单导频载波恢复算法具有更好的性能。
HDTV is recently one of the hot points in the broadcasting industry. It has gigantic market potential, and will influence the polity, economy, culture and life in a nation. Before Chinese DTTB standard came out, there has been three main standards of terrestrial broadcasting of digital television : ATSC(U.S.A), DVB-T(Europe) and ISDB-T(Japan). On August 30~(th) in 2006, Chinese DTTB standard GB20600-2006 was issued by the Standardization Administration of China(SAC), and was carried into execution on August 1~(st) in 2007. The issue and actualization of Chinese DTTB standard established the foundation for the development of Chinese terrestrial DTV, and started up Chinese DTV market.
During the process of DTV receiver designing, synchronization is principal. It is the basic of other part's well-working, such as equalization and decoding. Carrier recovery is the chief component of synchronization, and also is the central part of this paper. Because of the imprecision of the local oscillator clock and the channel's fast decline, transmitted signal may depart from the central frequency, which will result in the frequecy offset of the baseband signal after down-converting. At the same time, during the process of transmission, the cable channel's time-variation and the down-converting circuit may arouse phase jitter. Both frequency offset and phase jitter need carrier recovery to compensate.
In this paper, the author introduced the Chinese DTTB transmission system firstly. In succession, through theoretic analysis and simulation, this paper presented a new dual-pilot carrier recovery algorithm, which can be applied to the single-carrier mode in the national DTTB Standard and focused on illuminating the principle and structure of the new algorithm. This algorithm takes full advantage of dual-pilot under single-carrier mode, and utilizes a couple of independent FPLL to estimate frequency offset. Furthermore, this algorithm adopts weighted adding to resist pilot decline caused by multipath-interference. At the end of the paper, the algorithm was simulated under different channel condition such as AWGN, SSE and DSE, and was proved to have better performance than single-pilot carrier recovery algorithm in multipath channel.
引文
[1]The Grand Alliance,"The U.S.HDTV standard:the Grand Alliance",IEEE Spectrum,April 1995,pp:36-45
[2]ATSC:Advanced Television System Committee(ATSC)Digital Telecision Standard.Doc.A53,September 1995.
[3]ETSI.Digital Video Bordacasting(DVB):Frmaing sturctuer,chnanel coding and modulation for digital teerrsrtial television,ETS300744,Mar.1997.
[4]S.Nakahara,et al."Digital transmission scheme for the terrestrial ISDB system",IEEE Trans.Consumer Electronic,vol,45.1999,pp:101-106.
[5]Wenjun Zhang,Jingsong Xia,Kuang Wang and Jianhua Ge,"An Advanced Digital Television Broadcasting System",Aug.2002
[6]张文军,夏劲松,王匡,葛建华.高级数字电视广播系统传输方案.电视技术,2002(1):6-11
[7]管云峰,梁伟强,何大治.国标ADTB-T技术的特点及应用.有线电视技术.2006(10):31-39.
[8]孙军,归琳,张震宁.数字电视地面广播的发展现状和趋势--ADTB-T技术进展.电视技术,2003(11):7-12
[9]Framing Structure,Channel Coding and Modulation for Digital Television Terrestrial Broadcasting System(in Chinese),Chinese National Standard GB 20600-2006.
[10]GB20600-2006数字电视地面传输系统帧结构、信道编码和调制技术规范.2006.8
[11]Hyoungsoo Lim,Donghoon Lee,Kyungwhoon Cheun,Kwonhue Choi,Minsoo Jung,and Seokrim Cho,"Low-complexity Receiver Algorithms for The Grand-Alliance VSB HDTV System",IEEE Trans.Consumer Eletron,vol.42,No.3,Aug.1996,pp:640-650
[12]武卓峰,赵安安,管云峰,何大治.数字电视地面传输国家标准接收机实现指南.视频技术,2006(11):41-43
[13]F.Gini and G.B.Giarmakis,"Frequency offset and symbol timing recovery in flat-fading channels:A cyclostationary approach",IEEE Trans.Commun.,vol.46,Mar.1998,pp:400-411
[14]N.Jablon,"Joint blind equalization,carrier recovery,and timing recovery for high-order QAM signal constellations",IEEE Trans.Signal Processing,vol.40,June 1992,pp:1383-1397
[15]U.Mengali and A.N.D' Andrea,"Synchronization Techniques for Digital Receivers",New York:Plenum,1997.
[16]Cupo R.L.and Gitlin R.D.,"Adaptive Carrier Recovery Systems for Digital Data Communications Receivers",IEEE journal of Selected Areas in Communications,vol,7,No.9,Dec 1999,pp:1328-1339
[17]A Touzni et al.,"Phase recovery based on minimization of Single-Axis Constant Modulus criterion:Performance analysis",CISS'2001,vol.2,Mar.2001,pp:811-816
[18]John G.Proakis著,张立军,张宗橙,郑宝玉等译.数字通信(第四版).北京:电子工业出版社,2006:577-588.
[19]樊昌信,张浦翊,徐炳祥等.通信原理(第5版).北京:国防工业出版社,2006:100-115.
[20]COMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH CENTRE CANADA,"Results of the laboratory evaluation of an 8 MHz ADTB-T television system for terrestrial broadcasting" FINAL REPORT,January 15,2003.
[21]Jian Song,Zhixing Yang,Lin Yang."Technical Review on Chinese Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting Standard and Measurements on Some Working Modes".IEEE Trans.on Broadcasting,vol.53,NO.1,March 2007,pp:1-7.
[22]W.Lee,K.Cheun,and S.Choi,"A hardware efficient phase/gain tracking loop for the Grand Alliance VSB HDTV receiver",IEEE Trans.Consumer Eletron,vol.42,No.3,Aug.1996,pp:632-639
[23]Zhaoyang Zhang,Yanyan Cul,and Pellang Qiu,"A Novel All Digital VSB Carrier Recovery Loop For HDTV Terrestrial Transmission",IEEE Trans.On Consumer Electronics,vol.46,No.2,May.2000,pp:265-268
[24]Zhaoyang Zhang,Pellang Qiu,and Wang Kuang,"Carrier Phase Tracking Loop Used in VSB Demodulator",on Proceedings of Joint International Conference on Advance Science and Technology,August 1997,pp:122-125
[25]R.Citta,"Frequency and phase lock loop",IEEE Trans.On Consumer Electronics,vol.CE23,No.3,Aug.1977,pp:358-365
[26]孟利民,陈文正,杨刚.用作载波恢复的锁频锁相环.浙江大学学报,2000(3):239-242
[27]孟利民,仇佩亮.HDTV中8-VSB传输系统的载波恢复技术.浙江工业大学学报,1999(3):201-206
[28]王聪.单载波数字视频广播传输系统中的同步技术:[硕士论文毕业论文].西安电子科技大学.2006
[29]张朝阳,仇佩亮,王匡.VSB解调器中的载波相位跟踪环.电路与系统学报,1998(3):45-50
[30]Randall Bret Perlow,Washington Crossing,"Decision Directed Phase Detecter",PA(US),No:6351293 BI Feb.26,2002
[31]Kim-tun Kim,Hyung-Jin Choi,"Design of Carrier Recovery Algorithm for High-order QAM with Large Frequency Acquisition Range",IEEE ICC 2001,Helsinki,Finland,June 11-142001,pp:1016-1020
[32]Shahriar Mirabbasi,Saeed Gazor,and Ken Martin,"A Wideband Carrier-Recovery System for Mutilevel QAM Signals",IEEE international Symposium on Circuits and Systems,May 28-31.2000.vol.4,oo:661-664
[33]刘剑波,牛亚青,王晖.QAM调制解调系统中载波恢复算法的研究.广播与电视技术,2002(7):111-115
[34]Kim-tun Kim,Hyung-Jin Choi,"Design of Carrier Recovery Algorithm for Hig h-ord er QAM with Large Frequency Acquisition Range",IEEE ICC 2001,Helsinki,Finland,June 11-14 2001,pp:1016-1020
[35]Kenneth V.Cartwright,"Blind Phase Recovery in General QAM Communication Systems Using Alternative Higher Order Statistics",IEEE Signal Processing Letters,vol 6,No.12,Dec.1999,pp:327-329
[36]L.Chen,H.Kusaka,and M.Kominami,"Blind phase recovery in QAM communication systems using higher order statistics",IEEE Signal Processing Lett.,vol.3,May 1996,pp:147-149
[37]C.Georghiades,"Blind carrier phase acquisition for QAM constellations",IEEE Trans.Commun.,vol.45,Nov.1997,pp:1477-1486
[38]Erchin Serpedin,Philippe Ciblat,Georgios B.Giannakis,and Philippe Loubaton,"Performance Analysis of Blind Carrier Phase Estimators for General QAM Constellations",IEEE Signal Processing Letters,vol 49,No.8,August.2001,pp:1816-1822
[39]Heinz Mathis,"Blind Phase Synchronization for VSB Signals",IEEE Trans.Broadcasting,vol 47,No.4,Dec.2001,pp:340-347
[40]Shy-Jye Jou,Chun Hung Kuo and Chrong-Kuang Wang,"VLSI Implementation of Timing Recovery and Carrier Recovery for QAM/VSB Dual Mode",VLSI Technology,Systems,and Applications,1999.International Symposium on 8-10 June 1999,pp:159-162
[41]A.Leclert,and P.Vandamme,"Universal Carrier Recovery Loop for QASK and PSK Signal Sets ",IEEE Trans.On Communication,vol COM-31,No.1,Jan.1983,pp:130-136
[42]R.H.Morelos-Zaragoza,"Joint Phase-Lock Detection and Identification of M-PSK/M-QAM Modulation",Proc.2000 Third Generation Wireless Communications Conference (3GWireless' 00),San Francisco,CA,June 15,2000,pp:272-279
[43]R.H.Morelos-Zaragoza,Kenta Umebayash,"Adaptive Carrier Recovery with Modulation Identification Joint Phase-Lock Detection and Identifi-cation of M-PSK/M-QAM Modulation",Proc.2001 International Symposium on Signals,Systems,and Electronics (ISSSE'01),Tokyo,July 26,2001,pp:216-219
[44]孙西振.数字电视地面广播传输标准研究:[硕士论文毕业论文].山东:山东大学.2006
[45]Michael P.Fitz,and R.Jean-Marc Cramer,"A Performance Analysis of a Digital PLL Based MPSK Demodulator",IEEE Trans.On Communication,vol 43,No.2/3/4,Feb/Mar/Apr 1995,pp:1192-1201
[46]R.E.Best,"Phase-Locked Loops:Theory,Design and Applications",New York,MacGraw-Hill,1993,2nd ed.
[47]Young-Jae Ryu,and Dong-Seog Han,"Frequency synchronization algorithm robust to pilot distortion in ATSC system",IEEE Trans.Consumer Eletron,vol.48,No.3,Aug.2002,pp:610-616
[48]N.Caouras and R.Morawski,"Fast carrier recovery for burst-mode coherent demodulation using feedforward phase and frequency estimation techniques",Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering,Vol.1,9-12 May 1999,pp:79-83
[49]Joshua L.Koslov,East Winder,N.J.,"Carrier Recovery Using Acquisition and Tracking Modes and Automatic Carder-to-Noise Estimation",U.S.PatentNo:547508 Nov.28,1995
[50]袁清升,陈慧,徐定杰,袁赣南.全数字接收机中的载波恢复算法研究.哈尔滨工程大学学报,2002(5):51-61
[2]ATSC:Advanced Television System Committee(ATSC)Digital Telecision Standard.Doc.A53,September 1995.
[3]ETSI.Digital Video Bordacasting(DVB):Frmaing sturctuer,chnanel coding and modulation for digital teerrsrtial television,ETS300744,Mar.1997.
[4]S.Nakahara,et al."Digital transmission scheme for the terrestrial ISDB system",IEEE Trans.Consumer Electronic,vol,45.1999,pp:101-106.
[5]Wenjun Zhang,Jingsong Xia,Kuang Wang and Jianhua Ge,"An Advanced Digital Television Broadcasting System",Aug.2002
[6]张文军,夏劲松,王匡,葛建华.高级数字电视广播系统传输方案.电视技术,2002(1):6-11
[7]管云峰,梁伟强,何大治.国标ADTB-T技术的特点及应用.有线电视技术.2006(10):31-39.
[8]孙军,归琳,张震宁.数字电视地面广播的发展现状和趋势--ADTB-T技术进展.电视技术,2003(11):7-12
[9]Framing Structure,Channel Coding and Modulation for Digital Television Terrestrial Broadcasting System(in Chinese),Chinese National Standard GB 20600-2006.
[10]GB20600-2006数字电视地面传输系统帧结构、信道编码和调制技术规范.2006.8
[11]Hyoungsoo Lim,Donghoon Lee,Kyungwhoon Cheun,Kwonhue Choi,Minsoo Jung,and Seokrim Cho,"Low-complexity Receiver Algorithms for The Grand-Alliance VSB HDTV System",IEEE Trans.Consumer Eletron,vol.42,No.3,Aug.1996,pp:640-650
[12]武卓峰,赵安安,管云峰,何大治.数字电视地面传输国家标准接收机实现指南.视频技术,2006(11):41-43
[13]F.Gini and G.B.Giarmakis,"Frequency offset and symbol timing recovery in flat-fading channels:A cyclostationary approach",IEEE Trans.Commun.,vol.46,Mar.1998,pp:400-411
[14]N.Jablon,"Joint blind equalization,carrier recovery,and timing recovery for high-order QAM signal constellations",IEEE Trans.Signal Processing,vol.40,June 1992,pp:1383-1397
[15]U.Mengali and A.N.D' Andrea,"Synchronization Techniques for Digital Receivers",New York:Plenum,1997.
[16]Cupo R.L.and Gitlin R.D.,"Adaptive Carrier Recovery Systems for Digital Data Communications Receivers",IEEE journal of Selected Areas in Communications,vol,7,No.9,Dec 1999,pp:1328-1339
[17]A Touzni et al.,"Phase recovery based on minimization of Single-Axis Constant Modulus criterion:Performance analysis",CISS'2001,vol.2,Mar.2001,pp:811-816
[18]John G.Proakis著,张立军,张宗橙,郑宝玉等译.数字通信(第四版).北京:电子工业出版社,2006:577-588.
[19]樊昌信,张浦翊,徐炳祥等.通信原理(第5版).北京:国防工业出版社,2006:100-115.
[20]COMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH CENTRE CANADA,"Results of the laboratory evaluation of an 8 MHz ADTB-T television system for terrestrial broadcasting" FINAL REPORT,January 15,2003.
[21]Jian Song,Zhixing Yang,Lin Yang."Technical Review on Chinese Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting Standard and Measurements on Some Working Modes".IEEE Trans.on Broadcasting,vol.53,NO.1,March 2007,pp:1-7.
[22]W.Lee,K.Cheun,and S.Choi,"A hardware efficient phase/gain tracking loop for the Grand Alliance VSB HDTV receiver",IEEE Trans.Consumer Eletron,vol.42,No.3,Aug.1996,pp:632-639
[23]Zhaoyang Zhang,Yanyan Cul,and Pellang Qiu,"A Novel All Digital VSB Carrier Recovery Loop For HDTV Terrestrial Transmission",IEEE Trans.On Consumer Electronics,vol.46,No.2,May.2000,pp:265-268
[24]Zhaoyang Zhang,Pellang Qiu,and Wang Kuang,"Carrier Phase Tracking Loop Used in VSB Demodulator",on Proceedings of Joint International Conference on Advance Science and Technology,August 1997,pp:122-125
[25]R.Citta,"Frequency and phase lock loop",IEEE Trans.On Consumer Electronics,vol.CE23,No.3,Aug.1977,pp:358-365
[26]孟利民,陈文正,杨刚.用作载波恢复的锁频锁相环.浙江大学学报,2000(3):239-242
[27]孟利民,仇佩亮.HDTV中8-VSB传输系统的载波恢复技术.浙江工业大学学报,1999(3):201-206
[28]王聪.单载波数字视频广播传输系统中的同步技术:[硕士论文毕业论文].西安电子科技大学.2006
[29]张朝阳,仇佩亮,王匡.VSB解调器中的载波相位跟踪环.电路与系统学报,1998(3):45-50
[30]Randall Bret Perlow,Washington Crossing,"Decision Directed Phase Detecter",PA(US),No:6351293 BI Feb.26,2002
[31]Kim-tun Kim,Hyung-Jin Choi,"Design of Carrier Recovery Algorithm for High-order QAM with Large Frequency Acquisition Range",IEEE ICC 2001,Helsinki,Finland,June 11-142001,pp:1016-1020
[32]Shahriar Mirabbasi,Saeed Gazor,and Ken Martin,"A Wideband Carrier-Recovery System for Mutilevel QAM Signals",IEEE international Symposium on Circuits and Systems,May 28-31.2000.vol.4,oo:661-664
[33]刘剑波,牛亚青,王晖.QAM调制解调系统中载波恢复算法的研究.广播与电视技术,2002(7):111-115
[34]Kim-tun Kim,Hyung-Jin Choi,"Design of Carrier Recovery Algorithm for Hig h-ord er QAM with Large Frequency Acquisition Range",IEEE ICC 2001,Helsinki,Finland,June 11-14 2001,pp:1016-1020
[35]Kenneth V.Cartwright,"Blind Phase Recovery in General QAM Communication Systems Using Alternative Higher Order Statistics",IEEE Signal Processing Letters,vol 6,No.12,Dec.1999,pp:327-329
[36]L.Chen,H.Kusaka,and M.Kominami,"Blind phase recovery in QAM communication systems using higher order statistics",IEEE Signal Processing Lett.,vol.3,May 1996,pp:147-149
[37]C.Georghiades,"Blind carrier phase acquisition for QAM constellations",IEEE Trans.Commun.,vol.45,Nov.1997,pp:1477-1486
[38]Erchin Serpedin,Philippe Ciblat,Georgios B.Giannakis,and Philippe Loubaton,"Performance Analysis of Blind Carrier Phase Estimators for General QAM Constellations",IEEE Signal Processing Letters,vol 49,No.8,August.2001,pp:1816-1822
[39]Heinz Mathis,"Blind Phase Synchronization for VSB Signals",IEEE Trans.Broadcasting,vol 47,No.4,Dec.2001,pp:340-347
[40]Shy-Jye Jou,Chun Hung Kuo and Chrong-Kuang Wang,"VLSI Implementation of Timing Recovery and Carrier Recovery for QAM/VSB Dual Mode",VLSI Technology,Systems,and Applications,1999.International Symposium on 8-10 June 1999,pp:159-162
[41]A.Leclert,and P.Vandamme,"Universal Carrier Recovery Loop for QASK and PSK Signal Sets ",IEEE Trans.On Communication,vol COM-31,No.1,Jan.1983,pp:130-136
[42]R.H.Morelos-Zaragoza,"Joint Phase-Lock Detection and Identification of M-PSK/M-QAM Modulation",Proc.2000 Third Generation Wireless Communications Conference (3GWireless' 00),San Francisco,CA,June 15,2000,pp:272-279
[43]R.H.Morelos-Zaragoza,Kenta Umebayash,"Adaptive Carrier Recovery with Modulation Identification Joint Phase-Lock Detection and Identifi-cation of M-PSK/M-QAM Modulation",Proc.2001 International Symposium on Signals,Systems,and Electronics (ISSSE'01),Tokyo,July 26,2001,pp:216-219
[44]孙西振.数字电视地面广播传输标准研究:[硕士论文毕业论文].山东:山东大学.2006
[45]Michael P.Fitz,and R.Jean-Marc Cramer,"A Performance Analysis of a Digital PLL Based MPSK Demodulator",IEEE Trans.On Communication,vol 43,No.2/3/4,Feb/Mar/Apr 1995,pp:1192-1201
[46]R.E.Best,"Phase-Locked Loops:Theory,Design and Applications",New York,MacGraw-Hill,1993,2nd ed.
[47]Young-Jae Ryu,and Dong-Seog Han,"Frequency synchronization algorithm robust to pilot distortion in ATSC system",IEEE Trans.Consumer Eletron,vol.48,No.3,Aug.2002,pp:610-616
[48]N.Caouras and R.Morawski,"Fast carrier recovery for burst-mode coherent demodulation using feedforward phase and frequency estimation techniques",Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering,Vol.1,9-12 May 1999,pp:79-83
[49]Joshua L.Koslov,East Winder,N.J.,"Carrier Recovery Using Acquisition and Tracking Modes and Automatic Carder-to-Noise Estimation",U.S.PatentNo:547508 Nov.28,1995
[50]袁清升,陈慧,徐定杰,袁赣南.全数字接收机中的载波恢复算法研究.哈尔滨工程大学学报,2002(5):51-61