基于应力波的木材缺陷二维成像技术研究
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摘要
腐朽、空洞等木材内部缺陷会严重影响木材物理力学特性，是降低木材质量的重要原因之一，也是木材材性检测中不可缺少的内容。我国现存大量具有重要历史意义的木结构古建筑，在对其进行维修和保护的过程当中，要求在不破坏原有结构的基础上，使用无损检测的技术与设备进行检测与鉴定。因此，针对木材内部缺陷的无损检测技术引起了人们广泛的重视。
在现有的木材材性检测方法中，应力波无损检测技术因其传播距离远、使用方便、可靠、快速等特点，成为了国内外研究的焦点。但由于专利保护和技术封锁，我国尚无成熟的应力波检测产品，只能依靠价格昂贵的进口设备。因此，急需开发出国产的木材应力波无损检测设备，以降低科研单位、林业高等院校和生产企业等单位的研究、生产成本，提高我国木材无损检测技术水平。
本文在综合分析国内外研究人员对应力波检测木材物理力学特性和内部缺陷的基础上，通过应力波在木材中的传播时间、距离和速度三项参数建立点速度模型算法、线速度模型算法和加权修正线速度模型算法，并通过山海关老龙头海神庙正殿和后殿的大量实际检测数据进行验证，进而将三种算法模型得出的结果与FAKOPP的检测结果进行对比，其结果为点速度模型算法和线速度模型算法基本表征了木材的内部缺陷，加权修正线速度模型算法的结果与FAKOPP的检测结果相同。
本文开发了基于数字信号处理器（DSP）的应力波无损检测设备，同时编制了控制程序和人机交互界面等软件系统，并对木质圆盘进行实际检测。通过和FAKOPP进行比较后，发现自主开发研发的应力波无损检测设备不但能够有效、准确的检测木材内部应力波传播时间与速度，而且可以生成木材内部缺陷二维图像，准确度达到了FAKOPP的检测水平，本设备具有精度高，成本低，易操作等特点，填补了国产木材应力波无损检测设备的空白。
综合以上理论研究和设备开发，本文建立了基于应力波的木材缺陷二维成像技术，取得了较好的实际测试效果，开发了国产木材应力波无损检测设备，与国外同类产品比较，其性价比更高，如能达到批量生产的程度，将获得良好的社会效益和经济效益。
The internal defects of woods, such as decay and holes, will seriously affect physical andmechanical properties of woods. Those defects which are the important parts in wood inspectioncould reduce quality and downgrade of woods. There are many ancient wooden structures inChina which have important historical significance. The nondestructive detection technologiesand equipments, which caused no original structural damage, were used in repairment andprotection of ancient wooden structures. Therefore, nondestructive detection technologies forwood internal defects have aroused widespread attention.
In all the detection methods of wood property, stress wave nondestructive testingtechnology has become the focus of domestic and foreign research because of its longtransmission distance, easy to use, reliable, fast and other characteristics. But in the patentprotection and technology blockade, there were no domestic stress wave detection products, sothe expensive imported equipments were needed. It is important to develpe the domestic stresswave detection products to reduce the research and production cost of academy and forestryenterprise. It will also improve wood nondestructive testing technology.
Stress wave detection for physical and mechanical properties and internal defects of woodswere comprehensive analyzed, also the propagation law and detection methods of stress wave inwoods were widely studied. Furthermore, based on travel time, distance and the velocity of stresswave, a points velocity algorithm, a lines velocity algorithm and a weighting lines velocityalgorithm were proposed and established. A large number of actual measurement data were usedto test the validity of the three algorithms, which measured by FAKOPP and obtained from mainhall and opisthodomos hall in sea god temple of ShanHaiGuan. It was shown that the pointsvelocity algorithm and lines velocity algorithm could indicate the basic characterization of woodinternal defects. and the results of weighting lines velocity algorithm was as same as FAKOPP.
A stress wave nondestructive detection equipment was developed, also a control softwareand man-machine interface for the equipment were programed. A practical tests were carried outbased on the wooden disc specimens, to compared the characteristics of the equipment andFAKOPP. It is found that the equipment not only can detect travel time and speed of stress wavein wood effectively and accurately, but also obtain a two-dimensional image of internal defectsof wood which was as same as FAKOPP. The equipment has the advantages of high precision,low cost, easy operation, and a certain market competition.
A wood defect two-dimensional imaging technique based on stress wave, which has madea better test results, was established after the above theory research and actual equipmentdevelopment. Compared with foreign equipment, the equipment developed by this technique hada lower price and higher performance. It will be able to obtain good social and economic benefitsif the equipment can achieve mass production.
.
在现有的木材材性检测方法中，应力波无损检测技术因其传播距离远、使用方便、可靠、快速等特点，成为了国内外研究的焦点。但由于专利保护和技术封锁，我国尚无成熟的应力波检测产品，只能依靠价格昂贵的进口设备。因此，急需开发出国产的木材应力波无损检测设备，以降低科研单位、林业高等院校和生产企业等单位的研究、生产成本，提高我国木材无损检测技术水平。
本文在综合分析国内外研究人员对应力波检测木材物理力学特性和内部缺陷的基础上，通过应力波在木材中的传播时间、距离和速度三项参数建立点速度模型算法、线速度模型算法和加权修正线速度模型算法，并通过山海关老龙头海神庙正殿和后殿的大量实际检测数据进行验证，进而将三种算法模型得出的结果与FAKOPP的检测结果进行对比，其结果为点速度模型算法和线速度模型算法基本表征了木材的内部缺陷，加权修正线速度模型算法的结果与FAKOPP的检测结果相同。
本文开发了基于数字信号处理器（DSP）的应力波无损检测设备，同时编制了控制程序和人机交互界面等软件系统，并对木质圆盘进行实际检测。通过和FAKOPP进行比较后，发现自主开发研发的应力波无损检测设备不但能够有效、准确的检测木材内部应力波传播时间与速度，而且可以生成木材内部缺陷二维图像，准确度达到了FAKOPP的检测水平，本设备具有精度高，成本低，易操作等特点，填补了国产木材应力波无损检测设备的空白。
综合以上理论研究和设备开发，本文建立了基于应力波的木材缺陷二维成像技术，取得了较好的实际测试效果，开发了国产木材应力波无损检测设备，与国外同类产品比较，其性价比更高，如能达到批量生产的程度，将获得良好的社会效益和经济效益。
The internal defects of woods, such as decay and holes, will seriously affect physical andmechanical properties of woods. Those defects which are the important parts in wood inspectioncould reduce quality and downgrade of woods. There are many ancient wooden structures inChina which have important historical significance. The nondestructive detection technologiesand equipments, which caused no original structural damage, were used in repairment andprotection of ancient wooden structures. Therefore, nondestructive detection technologies forwood internal defects have aroused widespread attention.
In all the detection methods of wood property, stress wave nondestructive testingtechnology has become the focus of domestic and foreign research because of its longtransmission distance, easy to use, reliable, fast and other characteristics. But in the patentprotection and technology blockade, there were no domestic stress wave detection products, sothe expensive imported equipments were needed. It is important to develpe the domestic stresswave detection products to reduce the research and production cost of academy and forestryenterprise. It will also improve wood nondestructive testing technology.
Stress wave detection for physical and mechanical properties and internal defects of woodswere comprehensive analyzed, also the propagation law and detection methods of stress wave inwoods were widely studied. Furthermore, based on travel time, distance and the velocity of stresswave, a points velocity algorithm, a lines velocity algorithm and a weighting lines velocityalgorithm were proposed and established. A large number of actual measurement data were usedto test the validity of the three algorithms, which measured by FAKOPP and obtained from mainhall and opisthodomos hall in sea god temple of ShanHaiGuan. It was shown that the pointsvelocity algorithm and lines velocity algorithm could indicate the basic characterization of woodinternal defects. and the results of weighting lines velocity algorithm was as same as FAKOPP.
A stress wave nondestructive detection equipment was developed, also a control softwareand man-machine interface for the equipment were programed. A practical tests were carried outbased on the wooden disc specimens, to compared the characteristics of the equipment andFAKOPP. It is found that the equipment not only can detect travel time and speed of stress wavein wood effectively and accurately, but also obtain a two-dimensional image of internal defectsof wood which was as same as FAKOPP. The equipment has the advantages of high precision,low cost, easy operation, and a certain market competition.
A wood defect two-dimensional imaging technique based on stress wave, which has madea better test results, was established after the above theory research and actual equipmentdevelopment. Compared with foreign equipment, the equipment developed by this technique hada lower price and higher performance. It will be able to obtain good social and economic benefitsif the equipment can achieve mass production.
.
引文
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