基于FPGA的高频高精度数字开关电源控制器的研究
摘要
电力电子设备的控制技术随着电力电子技术的发展而迅猛发展。开关电源是电力电子设备的重要组成部分,其功能的好坏直接影响着整个设备的性能。随着数字信息技术的不断发展,对电源控制器的研究开始从模拟时代步入数字时代。近年来,FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array,现场可编程逻辑门阵列)凭借其高速率、稳定性强、修改灵活、开发周期短等优点引起了数字控制领域的广泛关注。FPGA的各项优点也决定了其必将成为今后电力电子控制技术领域的主力军。
论文研究了一种基于FPGA的高频高精度数字开关电源控制器。首先以Buck变换器为主电路模型,对其进行了理论分析及数学建模;然后,在其基础上提出了新型数字控制器方案,并加以分析和设计;与此同时,建立了Buck电路的仿真模型,并对设计的数字控制器进行了系统的仿真研究,得到了令人满意的仿真结果。论文着重论述了数字开关电源控制器的实现,其中,重点研究了数字补偿器和DPWM(Digital Pulse Width Modulation,数字脉宽调制器)的实现。
论文设计了一种基于FPGA实现的数字开关电源控制器方案。采用Verilog HDL语言,在Quartus II软件下完成设计及仿真验证。并在此基础上,以Altera公司生产的Cyclone系列芯片EP1C6Q240C8为主控芯片,构建试验平台,通过实验验证了理论研究及控制算法的正确性和可行性。作者采用较低的输入频率实现了10位分辨率的高精度DPWM,完成了DPWM IP核的构建并用其搭建了基于SOPC(System On a Programmable Chip,可编程片上系统)的DPWM系统。最终使控制器频率达到预定的开关频率1MHz,实现了高频高精度的设计目标。
Control of power electronic equipment, power electronics technology is with the development of rapid development. Switching power is an important part of the power electronic devices, and their functions have a direct impact on the performance of the entire device. With the continuous development of digital information technology, research on the power controller begin to transform from the analog era into the digital age. In recent years, Field Programmable Gate Array, with its high speeding, stability, modify the flexibility, the advantages of short development cycle, caused widespread concern in the field of digital control. The advantages of FPGA also determine the future of their power will become the main force in the field of electronic control technology.
A FPGA-based high frequency and high precision digital switching power supply controller is researched in the dissertation. First, the main circuit model of the Buck converter, is made theoretical analysis and mathematical modeling; and then, a new digital control scheme is proposed and analyzed and design; At the same time, the establishment of a Buck circuit simulation model, and the design of digital controller of the system simulation, and the simulation results are satisfactory. The implementation of digital switching power supply controller is dissertated in the dissertation, which focuses on the digital compensator and Digital Pulse Width Modulator implementation.
Implementation of digital switching power supply controller program based on FPGA is designed in the dissertation. Verilog HDL language is used in the Quartus II software to complete design and simulation. And on this basis, the chip EP1C6Q240C8 of the Cyclone series which produced by Altera is the main chip, and test platform has been build, and through theoretical studies and experimental verification of the correctness and feasibility of control algorithms. Input frequency of a lower resolution to achieve a high precision 10-bit DPWM, and the building of DPWM IP core and a system based on SOPC the DPWM have been completed. Ultimately achieve the desired frequency of the controller switching frequency of 1MHz, and it has got the goal of high frequency and high precision.
论文研究了一种基于FPGA的高频高精度数字开关电源控制器。首先以Buck变换器为主电路模型,对其进行了理论分析及数学建模;然后,在其基础上提出了新型数字控制器方案,并加以分析和设计;与此同时,建立了Buck电路的仿真模型,并对设计的数字控制器进行了系统的仿真研究,得到了令人满意的仿真结果。论文着重论述了数字开关电源控制器的实现,其中,重点研究了数字补偿器和DPWM(Digital Pulse Width Modulation,数字脉宽调制器)的实现。
论文设计了一种基于FPGA实现的数字开关电源控制器方案。采用Verilog HDL语言,在Quartus II软件下完成设计及仿真验证。并在此基础上,以Altera公司生产的Cyclone系列芯片EP1C6Q240C8为主控芯片,构建试验平台,通过实验验证了理论研究及控制算法的正确性和可行性。作者采用较低的输入频率实现了10位分辨率的高精度DPWM,完成了DPWM IP核的构建并用其搭建了基于SOPC(System On a Programmable Chip,可编程片上系统)的DPWM系统。最终使控制器频率达到预定的开关频率1MHz,实现了高频高精度的设计目标。
Control of power electronic equipment, power electronics technology is with the development of rapid development. Switching power is an important part of the power electronic devices, and their functions have a direct impact on the performance of the entire device. With the continuous development of digital information technology, research on the power controller begin to transform from the analog era into the digital age. In recent years, Field Programmable Gate Array, with its high speeding, stability, modify the flexibility, the advantages of short development cycle, caused widespread concern in the field of digital control. The advantages of FPGA also determine the future of their power will become the main force in the field of electronic control technology.
A FPGA-based high frequency and high precision digital switching power supply controller is researched in the dissertation. First, the main circuit model of the Buck converter, is made theoretical analysis and mathematical modeling; and then, a new digital control scheme is proposed and analyzed and design; At the same time, the establishment of a Buck circuit simulation model, and the design of digital controller of the system simulation, and the simulation results are satisfactory. The implementation of digital switching power supply controller is dissertated in the dissertation, which focuses on the digital compensator and Digital Pulse Width Modulator implementation.
Implementation of digital switching power supply controller program based on FPGA is designed in the dissertation. Verilog HDL language is used in the Quartus II software to complete design and simulation. And on this basis, the chip EP1C6Q240C8 of the Cyclone series which produced by Altera is the main chip, and test platform has been build, and through theoretical studies and experimental verification of the correctness and feasibility of control algorithms. Input frequency of a lower resolution to achieve a high precision 10-bit DPWM, and the building of DPWM IP core and a system based on SOPC the DPWM have been completed. Ultimately achieve the desired frequency of the controller switching frequency of 1MHz, and it has got the goal of high frequency and high precision.
引文
[1]刘晓艳.基于FPGA的高精度数字PWM DC/DC控制器设计[J].电测与仪表,2009,1:77-80.
[2]张庆荣,刘强,庞亚宏.基于CPLD实现的DDS技术在高频电力上的应用[J].医疗卫生装备,2007,28(1):1-2.
[3]刘树林,刘健,寇蕾.开关变换器的本质安全特性分析与设计[J].电工技术学报,2006,21(5):36-41.
[4]周熙,郭健民,李文宏.高精度混合型DPWM设计和实验[J].半导体学报,2007,6:967-973.
[5]占荣.可编程逻辑器件在逆变器控制中的应用[D].武汉:华中科技大学, 2005:1-10.
[6]刘晓艳.基于FPGA的高频PWM开关电源控制器设计[D].江苏:江苏大学,2009:6-7.
[7]黄越辉,黄自龙,杨旭等.基于CPLD的电力电子集成化控制器的研究[J].电力电子技术,2004,2:73-74.
[8]冯小平,张林,赵焕军.一种基于CPLD实现的数字化PWM波形产生器[J].现代电子技术,2003,3:71-72.
[9]赵异波,何湘宁.电力电子电路的数字化控制技术[J].电源技术应用,2002,11(5):557-559.
[10]常栋梁.基于FPGA的数字PWM控制器的研制[D].西安:西安科技大学,2008:12-15.
[11] M.Milanovic,M.Truntic,P.Slibar.FPGA implementation of digital controller DC-DC buck converter[C].IEEE,Proceedings of the 9th internation database engineering&application symposium,2005:12-15.
[12] M.Dragan,Z.Regan,E.Robert.Impact of digital control in power electronics[C] . IEEE , Power Semiconductor Devices and ICs.Proceedings.ISPSD’04.The 16th international Symposium,2004:13-22.
[13] H.J.Guo,Y.Shiroishi,O.Ichinokura.Digital PI Controller for high frequency switching DC/DC converters based on FPGA[C].IEEE,Telecommunications Energy Conference INTELEC’03 . The 25thInternational Symposium,2003:536-541.
[14] A.Prodic,D.Maksimovic.Design of a digital PID regulator based on look-up tables for control of high-frequency DC-DC converters[C].IEEE,Computers in Power Electronics,2002:18-22.
[15]冯远辉.FPGA的现状及展望[J].电子设计应用,2006,02期:1-3.
[16]刘福奇,刘波.Verilog HDL应用程序设计实例精讲[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2009:291.
[17]王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术[M].第4版.北京:机械工业出版社,2009年:34-36.
[18]王水平,史俊杰,田庆安.开关稳压电源——原理、设计及实用电路(修订版)[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2005:25-28.
[19] R.D.Middlebrook,S.Cuk. A General unified approach to modeling switching converters power stages[C].IEEE PESC,1975:18-34.
[20]蔡宣三,龚绍文.高频功率电子学[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2009:49-116.
[21]李南.基于FPGA的高频数字DCDC变换器研究[D].上海:上海大学,2008:1-71.
[22]陈伯时.电力拖动自动控制系统[M].第3版.北京:机械工业出版社,2005:72-76.
[23]刘金琨.先进PID控制MATLAB仿真[M].第2版.北京:电子工业出版社,2004:1-10.
[24] M.S.Branicky.Studies in hybrid systems:Modeling,analysis,and control[C].Ph.D.dissertation,Dept.Elec.Eng.and Computer Sci.,MassachusettsInst.Technol.,Cambridge, 1995:2-3.
[25]薛定宇.控制系统计算机辅助分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1996:82-85.
[26] Tang K . L . Comparing fuzzy logic with classical controller design[J].IEEE Trans SMC,1987,17(6):8-10.
[27] Xuefang Lin-Shi , Florent Morel , Bruno Allard , and etal . A Digital-Controller Parameter-Tuning Approach , Application to a Switch-Mode Power Supply[C].the 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics,2007:5-6.
[28]王晓东,张岳.MATLAB工具箱sisotool工具箱在控制系统补偿器中的应用[J].辽宁科技学院学报,2006,8(4):1-3.
[29] Aleksandar Prodic,Dragan Maksimovic,Robert W,and etal.Design and Implementation of a Digital PWM Controller for A High Frequency Switching DC-DC Power Converter [C].The 27th Annual Conferece of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society,2001:232-238.
[30] Benjamin J Patella,Aleksandar Prodic.High-Frequency Digital PWM Controller IC for DC-DC Converter [J] . IEEE Trans . On Power Electronics,2003:439-443.
[31]刘俏倩.基于FPGA的数字电源控制器的研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2009:16-18.
[32] Angel V.Peterchev,Seth R.Sanders.Quantization Resolution and Limit Cycling in Digitally Controlled PWM Converters[J].IEEE Trans.on Power Electronics,2003:301-308.
[33] P.F.Kocybik,K.N.Bateson.Digital control of a ZVS fullbridge DC-DC converter[C].IEEE APEC Rec. Dallas,USA,1995:687-693.
[34] A.Wyns,D.Bogaerts.Pspice simulations and 3D-PCB transformers for ZVS full-bridge converters[J].EPE Rec.Switzerland,1993,3:208-215.
[35] V.Vlatkovic, J.A.Sabate.Small signal analysis of the phaseshiften PWM converter[J].IEEE Trans.Power Electronics,1992,7(1):128-135.
[36]白永江,冯维一,杨旭.高精度数字PWM的实现——数字“抖动”[J].电力电子技术,2007,8:54-56.
[37] Zdravko Lukic,Nabeel Rahman,Aleksandar Prodic.Multibit∑?ΔPWM Digital Controller IC for DC-DC Converters Operating at Switching Frequencies Beyond 10MHz[J].IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS,2007:1693-1707.
[38]杨檍,鲍景富.现代频率合成技术的研究进展[J].电讯技术,2007,47(2):1-5.
[39] Lukic Z,Wang K,Prodic A.High frequency digital controller for DC-DC converters based on multi-bit pulse-width modulation[J].Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition,2005:1-35.
[40]陈怀琛,吴大正,高西全.MATLAB及在电子信息课程中的应用[M].第3版.北京:电子工业出版社,2006:2-3.
[41] Altera Corporation.Quartus II Handbook[C].Altera Corporation,2005,1:1-57.
[42]李洪伟,袁斯华.基于Quartus II的FPGA/CPLD设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006:17.
[43] ALTERA Corporation . Cyclone Device Handbook(All Sections)[C]. ALTERA Corporation,2007,4:1-66.
[2]张庆荣,刘强,庞亚宏.基于CPLD实现的DDS技术在高频电力上的应用[J].医疗卫生装备,2007,28(1):1-2.
[3]刘树林,刘健,寇蕾.开关变换器的本质安全特性分析与设计[J].电工技术学报,2006,21(5):36-41.
[4]周熙,郭健民,李文宏.高精度混合型DPWM设计和实验[J].半导体学报,2007,6:967-973.
[5]占荣.可编程逻辑器件在逆变器控制中的应用[D].武汉:华中科技大学, 2005:1-10.
[6]刘晓艳.基于FPGA的高频PWM开关电源控制器设计[D].江苏:江苏大学,2009:6-7.
[7]黄越辉,黄自龙,杨旭等.基于CPLD的电力电子集成化控制器的研究[J].电力电子技术,2004,2:73-74.
[8]冯小平,张林,赵焕军.一种基于CPLD实现的数字化PWM波形产生器[J].现代电子技术,2003,3:71-72.
[9]赵异波,何湘宁.电力电子电路的数字化控制技术[J].电源技术应用,2002,11(5):557-559.
[10]常栋梁.基于FPGA的数字PWM控制器的研制[D].西安:西安科技大学,2008:12-15.
[11] M.Milanovic,M.Truntic,P.Slibar.FPGA implementation of digital controller DC-DC buck converter[C].IEEE,Proceedings of the 9th internation database engineering&application symposium,2005:12-15.
[12] M.Dragan,Z.Regan,E.Robert.Impact of digital control in power electronics[C] . IEEE , Power Semiconductor Devices and ICs.Proceedings.ISPSD’04.The 16th international Symposium,2004:13-22.
[13] H.J.Guo,Y.Shiroishi,O.Ichinokura.Digital PI Controller for high frequency switching DC/DC converters based on FPGA[C].IEEE,Telecommunications Energy Conference INTELEC’03 . The 25thInternational Symposium,2003:536-541.
[14] A.Prodic,D.Maksimovic.Design of a digital PID regulator based on look-up tables for control of high-frequency DC-DC converters[C].IEEE,Computers in Power Electronics,2002:18-22.
[15]冯远辉.FPGA的现状及展望[J].电子设计应用,2006,02期:1-3.
[16]刘福奇,刘波.Verilog HDL应用程序设计实例精讲[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2009:291.
[17]王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术[M].第4版.北京:机械工业出版社,2009年:34-36.
[18]王水平,史俊杰,田庆安.开关稳压电源——原理、设计及实用电路(修订版)[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2005:25-28.
[19] R.D.Middlebrook,S.Cuk. A General unified approach to modeling switching converters power stages[C].IEEE PESC,1975:18-34.
[20]蔡宣三,龚绍文.高频功率电子学[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2009:49-116.
[21]李南.基于FPGA的高频数字DCDC变换器研究[D].上海:上海大学,2008:1-71.
[22]陈伯时.电力拖动自动控制系统[M].第3版.北京:机械工业出版社,2005:72-76.
[23]刘金琨.先进PID控制MATLAB仿真[M].第2版.北京:电子工业出版社,2004:1-10.
[24] M.S.Branicky.Studies in hybrid systems:Modeling,analysis,and control[C].Ph.D.dissertation,Dept.Elec.Eng.and Computer Sci.,MassachusettsInst.Technol.,Cambridge, 1995:2-3.
[25]薛定宇.控制系统计算机辅助分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1996:82-85.
[26] Tang K . L . Comparing fuzzy logic with classical controller design[J].IEEE Trans SMC,1987,17(6):8-10.
[27] Xuefang Lin-Shi , Florent Morel , Bruno Allard , and etal . A Digital-Controller Parameter-Tuning Approach , Application to a Switch-Mode Power Supply[C].the 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics,2007:5-6.
[28]王晓东,张岳.MATLAB工具箱sisotool工具箱在控制系统补偿器中的应用[J].辽宁科技学院学报,2006,8(4):1-3.
[29] Aleksandar Prodic,Dragan Maksimovic,Robert W,and etal.Design and Implementation of a Digital PWM Controller for A High Frequency Switching DC-DC Power Converter [C].The 27th Annual Conferece of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society,2001:232-238.
[30] Benjamin J Patella,Aleksandar Prodic.High-Frequency Digital PWM Controller IC for DC-DC Converter [J] . IEEE Trans . On Power Electronics,2003:439-443.
[31]刘俏倩.基于FPGA的数字电源控制器的研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2009:16-18.
[32] Angel V.Peterchev,Seth R.Sanders.Quantization Resolution and Limit Cycling in Digitally Controlled PWM Converters[J].IEEE Trans.on Power Electronics,2003:301-308.
[33] P.F.Kocybik,K.N.Bateson.Digital control of a ZVS fullbridge DC-DC converter[C].IEEE APEC Rec. Dallas,USA,1995:687-693.
[34] A.Wyns,D.Bogaerts.Pspice simulations and 3D-PCB transformers for ZVS full-bridge converters[J].EPE Rec.Switzerland,1993,3:208-215.
[35] V.Vlatkovic, J.A.Sabate.Small signal analysis of the phaseshiften PWM converter[J].IEEE Trans.Power Electronics,1992,7(1):128-135.
[36]白永江,冯维一,杨旭.高精度数字PWM的实现——数字“抖动”[J].电力电子技术,2007,8:54-56.
[37] Zdravko Lukic,Nabeel Rahman,Aleksandar Prodic.Multibit∑?ΔPWM Digital Controller IC for DC-DC Converters Operating at Switching Frequencies Beyond 10MHz[J].IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS,2007:1693-1707.
[38]杨檍,鲍景富.现代频率合成技术的研究进展[J].电讯技术,2007,47(2):1-5.
[39] Lukic Z,Wang K,Prodic A.High frequency digital controller for DC-DC converters based on multi-bit pulse-width modulation[J].Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition,2005:1-35.
[40]陈怀琛,吴大正,高西全.MATLAB及在电子信息课程中的应用[M].第3版.北京:电子工业出版社,2006:2-3.
[41] Altera Corporation.Quartus II Handbook[C].Altera Corporation,2005,1:1-57.
[42]李洪伟,袁斯华.基于Quartus II的FPGA/CPLD设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006:17.
[43] ALTERA Corporation . Cyclone Device Handbook(All Sections)[C]. ALTERA Corporation,2007,4:1-66.