智能化大功率超声波发生器的研究
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摘要
超声波的应用可以分为两大类,一类是用比较弱的超声来采集需要的信息,另一类则是用较强的超声的能量改变材料的状态或性能,称之为功率超声。目前,功率超声已经在国民经济的各个部门发挥了重要的作用,超声清洗技术就是功率超声的一个应用,其发展日新月异。超声波清洗机主要有超声波发生器、超声波换能器和清洗槽三部分组成,超声波发生器的作用是将工频的交流电信号转换为超声频的电信号,用于激励后级的换能器。本文以超声波发生器为研究对象,展开对超声波发生器的主电路系统各参数及频率自动跟踪系统的研究,对提高系统频率自动跟踪精度、性能可靠性很有必要,主要工作内容如下：
1.介绍了超声波的基本概念、分类及应用和超声波发生器的国内外研究现状与它的发展过程,并在此基础上引出研究对象：智能大功率超声波发生器。简介了超声波清洗的工作原理。
2.主电路系统的研究,主要包括输入整流滤波电路、BUCK直流斩波器、全桥逆变电路、高频变压器等的研究与设计,它们是控制电路的重要组成部分。分别从理论上计算了各电路的参数,并用Matlab软件中的Simulink工具箱对电路进行仿真分析,对各参数进行修正。
3.阐述了超声振动系统的工作原理,通过分析超声波换能器的阻抗特性,介绍了几种阻抗匹配方式的特点,设计了匹配电路。
4.设计了超声波发生器的控制系统。主要包括脉宽调制电路、脉频调制电路、电压电流采样电路等硬件电路的设计以及频率跟踪和功率调节系统的软件设计。
5.设计了超声波发生器的人机接口,为用户提供工作状态指示,支持两类控制系统的给定值键盘输入,并设计了定时系统。此外,从硬件和软件两个方面分别采取了抗干扰的措施,以保证系统可靠的运行。
The use of ultrasound can be classified into two categories. One kind is with weaker ultrasound to harvest the needed information. Another kind is using strong ultrasonic energy to change materials state or performance, called power ultrasound.At present, high-intensity ultrasound has played an important role in every sector of the national economy.Ultrasonic cleaning technology is an application of high-intensity ultrasound, and its development is changeing with each passing day. Ultrasonic cleaning machine is mainly made up of ultrasonic generator, ultrasonic transducer and the cleaning trough. The role of ultrasonic generator is taking industrial frequency AC signals convert super audio electrical signal to motivate transducer. The research object of this paper is ultrasonic generator. The main circuit system parameters and frequency automatic tracking system of ultrasonic generator were studied,which is necessary to improve the precision of system's frequency automatic tracking and performance reliability. Main job as follows:
1. Introduced the basic concept、classification and application of ultrasonic and the research situation、development process of ultrasonic generator.On this basis,the topic was proposed,that is intelligent high-power ultrasonic generator. Then introduced the working principle of ultrasonic cleaning.
2. The main circuit system research, mainly includ the research and design of input rectifier filter circuit, BUCK DC chopper device, whole bridge inverter circuit, and high-frequency transformer etc. They are important part of control circuit.
3. Analyzed the working principle of ultrasonic vibration system of transducer.By analyzing the impedance characteristics of ultrasonic transducer, introduced the characteristics of several matching way, and designed the matching circuits.
4. Designed the control system of ultrasonic generator,mainly include the hardware circuit design of pulse width modulation circuit, pulse frequency modulation circuit, voltage、current measure circuit and the software design of frequency tracking and power control system.
5. Designed the man-machine interface, provide the work state instructions to users, and support keyboard input of a given value of two kinds of control system, and designed a timing system. In addition, two aspects of hardware and software anti-interference measures were taken to ensure system operate reliably.
1.介绍了超声波的基本概念、分类及应用和超声波发生器的国内外研究现状与它的发展过程,并在此基础上引出研究对象：智能大功率超声波发生器。简介了超声波清洗的工作原理。
2.主电路系统的研究,主要包括输入整流滤波电路、BUCK直流斩波器、全桥逆变电路、高频变压器等的研究与设计,它们是控制电路的重要组成部分。分别从理论上计算了各电路的参数,并用Matlab软件中的Simulink工具箱对电路进行仿真分析,对各参数进行修正。
3.阐述了超声振动系统的工作原理,通过分析超声波换能器的阻抗特性,介绍了几种阻抗匹配方式的特点,设计了匹配电路。
4.设计了超声波发生器的控制系统。主要包括脉宽调制电路、脉频调制电路、电压电流采样电路等硬件电路的设计以及频率跟踪和功率调节系统的软件设计。
5.设计了超声波发生器的人机接口,为用户提供工作状态指示,支持两类控制系统的给定值键盘输入,并设计了定时系统。此外,从硬件和软件两个方面分别采取了抗干扰的措施,以保证系统可靠的运行。
The use of ultrasound can be classified into two categories. One kind is with weaker ultrasound to harvest the needed information. Another kind is using strong ultrasonic energy to change materials state or performance, called power ultrasound.At present, high-intensity ultrasound has played an important role in every sector of the national economy.Ultrasonic cleaning technology is an application of high-intensity ultrasound, and its development is changeing with each passing day. Ultrasonic cleaning machine is mainly made up of ultrasonic generator, ultrasonic transducer and the cleaning trough. The role of ultrasonic generator is taking industrial frequency AC signals convert super audio electrical signal to motivate transducer. The research object of this paper is ultrasonic generator. The main circuit system parameters and frequency automatic tracking system of ultrasonic generator were studied,which is necessary to improve the precision of system's frequency automatic tracking and performance reliability. Main job as follows:
1. Introduced the basic concept、classification and application of ultrasonic and the research situation、development process of ultrasonic generator.On this basis,the topic was proposed,that is intelligent high-power ultrasonic generator. Then introduced the working principle of ultrasonic cleaning.
2. The main circuit system research, mainly includ the research and design of input rectifier filter circuit, BUCK DC chopper device, whole bridge inverter circuit, and high-frequency transformer etc. They are important part of control circuit.
3. Analyzed the working principle of ultrasonic vibration system of transducer.By analyzing the impedance characteristics of ultrasonic transducer, introduced the characteristics of several matching way, and designed the matching circuits.
4. Designed the control system of ultrasonic generator,mainly include the hardware circuit design of pulse width modulation circuit, pulse frequency modulation circuit, voltage、current measure circuit and the software design of frequency tracking and power control system.
5. Designed the man-machine interface, provide the work state instructions to users, and support keyboard input of a given value of two kinds of control system, and designed a timing system. In addition, two aspects of hardware and software anti-interference measures were taken to ensure system operate reliably.
引文
[1]林仲茂.20世纪功率超声在国内外的发展.声学技术,2000,19(2)：101
[2]D.Chacon.A procedure for the efficient selection of piezoelectric ceramics constituting high-power ultrasonic transducers. Ultrasonics,2006,11(44):517～521
[3]徐涛.关于超声波发生器电源技术的发展.洗净技术,2004,10(6)：10-16
[4]李晓东,刘传绍.超声波清洗技术的研究与应用现状.清洗世界,2009,25(1)：28-31
[5]Amir Abdullah, Abbas Pak. Correct Prediction of the Vibration Behavior of a High Power Ultrasonic Transducer by FEM Simulation, Int J Adv Manuf Technol. 2008,39(2):21～28
[6]张秀棉,苏海龙,张增辉.绿色非ODS超声波清洗技术在机械制造业中的应用.轻工机械,2006,24(1)：90-93
[7]徐涛.超声波发生器电源技术的发展(中).洗净技术,2003,12(9)：13-17
[8]L. Parrini, New technology for the design of advanced ultrasonic transducer for high-power application. Components and Packaging Technologies,2003,21(1):258-263
[9]李雅莉.超声波清洗的原理和实际应用.清洗世界,2006,22(7)：31-35
[10]徐涛.超声波发生器电源技术的发展.洗净技术,2003,12(4)：10-15
[11]柯励伟.浅谈电力电子电路的控制技术.科技咨询,2006(29)：104
[12]赵磊.基于DSP的大功率超声电源的研究：[硕士学位论文].镇江：江苏科技大学,2008
[13]唐文斌.超声悬浮夹持装置的研究：[硕士学位论文].大连：大连理工大学,2007
[14]Yan Yongwen. The research and design of fuses bonding variable-frequency ultrasonic generator:[Master degree theses].Nanjing:Zhongnan university,2008
[15]霍树青.耦合式超声复合加工装置的设计研究：[硕士学位论文].南京：南京：航天航空大学,2009
[16]陈要玲.IGBT逆变式等离子弧切割电源：[硕士学位论文].兰州：兰州理工大学,2008
[17]翟伟祥.智能化大功率超声电源的研制：[硕士学位论文].北京：华北电力大学,2002
[18]Wang Liang. The research ofhigh frequency inverter topological used for the piezoelectric resonators:[master's degree thesis]. YanShan:YanShan University,2007
[19]Zhang Fan. The design of ultrasonic cleaning machine for Rail vehicle brake. Cleaning world,2007,22(3):52～56
[20]王家宝.超声波清洗工艺的原理及应用.柴油机设计与制造,2006,14(4)：36-38
[21]Jia YaLei. · The design of Ultrasound clean machine. Coal Electrical, 2007,15 (3):82～84
[22]孙红日,林国辉.超声波清洗原理与工艺分析.电子工艺技术,2001,22(2)：77-78
[23]马刚.超声波除垢器的研究与开发：[硕士学位论文].沈阳：东北大学,2007
[24]Qiang Peng, Haixia Wang. A new design of the high-power Ultrasonic Generator. Chinese Control and Decision Conference.2008
[25]姜春玲,王春玲.基于Matlab的Buck电路的研究.现代电子技术,2008,24：31～33
[26]杨峰.超声冲击处理用发生器的研制.[硕士学位论文].镇江：江苏科技大学,2004
[27]Chen Qingxue, Nan Yurong, Meng Fengfeng. The sliding mode controller design and simulation of whole bridge converter. Mechanical and electrical engineering, 2008,25 (5):61～64
[28]麻寿光.开关电源设计中功率元件的正确选择与安装.浙江工程学院学报,2002,19(2)：97～101
[29]吴荣.单片机控制逆变埋弧焊机系统设计：[硕士学位论文].兰州：兰州理工大学,2004
[30]Sun Xiuhua. The working principle、 characteristics and the matters needing attention of IGBT. Agricultural technology and equipment,2009,185 (3):54～58
[31]曹书强,陈庆国,司昌健.基于EXB841的IGBT驱动与保护电路研究.微电机,2010,43(4)：97-99
[32]唐海燕,李建泉.DC-DC变换器中25 kW高频功率变压器的设计.大功率变流技术, 2010,21(2):26-30
[33]Tang Qingsong, WuQiang, Cao Huaizhi. A methods of high frequency voltage transformer. Converter technology and electric traction,2007, (5): 26-31
[34]张春雨.超声波辅助提取黑糯玉米芯色素设备设计：[硕士学位论文].合肥：合肥工业大学,2007
[35]Amir Abdullah, Mohsen Shahini, Abbas Pak. An approach to design a high power piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer. J Electroceram (2009) 22:369～382
[36]Pan ZhongMing, Zhu Qin. The research of impedance match technology of piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer. Application acoustic,2007,26(6):357～361
[37]陈振伟.超声波发生器的研究：[硕士学位论文].杭州：浙江大学,2007
[38]何旭涛.单片机在铁路道口自动报警系统中的设计：[硕士学位论文].大连：大连交通大学,2010
[39]张锋.基于单片机控制的超声波发生器驱动电源的研究：[硕士学位论文].无锡：江南大学,2009
[40]梁英.一种新型超声波电源的研究设计：[硕士学位论文].西安：西北工业大学,2005
[41]常栋梁.基于FPGA的数字PWM控制器的研制：[硕士学位论文].西安：西安电子科技大学,2008
[42]Qunming Li, Ling Zhu, Fuliang Wang.Design of Ultrasonic Generator Based on DDS and PLL Technology. High Density packaging and Microsystem Integration,2007.
[43]谈敏.超声波清洗机驱动电源研究：[硕士学位论文].无锡：江南大学,2009
[44]张磊磊.大功率超声清洗电源的研制：[硕士学位论文].兰州：兰州理工大学,2009
[45]姚敏峰,张晶.单片机系统软件抗干扰措施研究.电子技术,2007,23(6)：152-154
[2]D.Chacon.A procedure for the efficient selection of piezoelectric ceramics constituting high-power ultrasonic transducers. Ultrasonics,2006,11(44):517～521
[3]徐涛.关于超声波发生器电源技术的发展.洗净技术,2004,10(6)：10-16
[4]李晓东,刘传绍.超声波清洗技术的研究与应用现状.清洗世界,2009,25(1)：28-31
[5]Amir Abdullah, Abbas Pak. Correct Prediction of the Vibration Behavior of a High Power Ultrasonic Transducer by FEM Simulation, Int J Adv Manuf Technol. 2008,39(2):21～28
[6]张秀棉,苏海龙,张增辉.绿色非ODS超声波清洗技术在机械制造业中的应用.轻工机械,2006,24(1)：90-93
[7]徐涛.超声波发生器电源技术的发展(中).洗净技术,2003,12(9)：13-17
[8]L. Parrini, New technology for the design of advanced ultrasonic transducer for high-power application. Components and Packaging Technologies,2003,21(1):258-263
[9]李雅莉.超声波清洗的原理和实际应用.清洗世界,2006,22(7)：31-35
[10]徐涛.超声波发生器电源技术的发展.洗净技术,2003,12(4)：10-15
[11]柯励伟.浅谈电力电子电路的控制技术.科技咨询,2006(29)：104
[12]赵磊.基于DSP的大功率超声电源的研究：[硕士学位论文].镇江：江苏科技大学,2008
[13]唐文斌.超声悬浮夹持装置的研究：[硕士学位论文].大连：大连理工大学,2007
[14]Yan Yongwen. The research and design of fuses bonding variable-frequency ultrasonic generator:[Master degree theses].Nanjing:Zhongnan university,2008
[15]霍树青.耦合式超声复合加工装置的设计研究：[硕士学位论文].南京：南京：航天航空大学,2009
[16]陈要玲.IGBT逆变式等离子弧切割电源：[硕士学位论文].兰州：兰州理工大学,2008
[17]翟伟祥.智能化大功率超声电源的研制：[硕士学位论文].北京：华北电力大学,2002
[18]Wang Liang. The research ofhigh frequency inverter topological used for the piezoelectric resonators:[master's degree thesis]. YanShan:YanShan University,2007
[19]Zhang Fan. The design of ultrasonic cleaning machine for Rail vehicle brake. Cleaning world,2007,22(3):52～56
[20]王家宝.超声波清洗工艺的原理及应用.柴油机设计与制造,2006,14(4)：36-38
[21]Jia YaLei. · The design of Ultrasound clean machine. Coal Electrical, 2007,15 (3):82～84
[22]孙红日,林国辉.超声波清洗原理与工艺分析.电子工艺技术,2001,22(2)：77-78
[23]马刚.超声波除垢器的研究与开发：[硕士学位论文].沈阳：东北大学,2007
[24]Qiang Peng, Haixia Wang. A new design of the high-power Ultrasonic Generator. Chinese Control and Decision Conference.2008
[25]姜春玲,王春玲.基于Matlab的Buck电路的研究.现代电子技术,2008,24：31～33
[26]杨峰.超声冲击处理用发生器的研制.[硕士学位论文].镇江：江苏科技大学,2004
[27]Chen Qingxue, Nan Yurong, Meng Fengfeng. The sliding mode controller design and simulation of whole bridge converter. Mechanical and electrical engineering, 2008,25 (5):61～64
[28]麻寿光.开关电源设计中功率元件的正确选择与安装.浙江工程学院学报,2002,19(2)：97～101
[29]吴荣.单片机控制逆变埋弧焊机系统设计：[硕士学位论文].兰州：兰州理工大学,2004
[30]Sun Xiuhua. The working principle、 characteristics and the matters needing attention of IGBT. Agricultural technology and equipment,2009,185 (3):54～58
[31]曹书强,陈庆国,司昌健.基于EXB841的IGBT驱动与保护电路研究.微电机,2010,43(4)：97-99
[32]唐海燕,李建泉.DC-DC变换器中25 kW高频功率变压器的设计.大功率变流技术, 2010,21(2):26-30
[33]Tang Qingsong, WuQiang, Cao Huaizhi. A methods of high frequency voltage transformer. Converter technology and electric traction,2007, (5): 26-31
[34]张春雨.超声波辅助提取黑糯玉米芯色素设备设计：[硕士学位论文].合肥：合肥工业大学,2007
[35]Amir Abdullah, Mohsen Shahini, Abbas Pak. An approach to design a high power piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer. J Electroceram (2009) 22:369～382
[36]Pan ZhongMing, Zhu Qin. The research of impedance match technology of piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer. Application acoustic,2007,26(6):357～361
[37]陈振伟.超声波发生器的研究：[硕士学位论文].杭州：浙江大学,2007
[38]何旭涛.单片机在铁路道口自动报警系统中的设计：[硕士学位论文].大连：大连交通大学,2010
[39]张锋.基于单片机控制的超声波发生器驱动电源的研究：[硕士学位论文].无锡：江南大学,2009
[40]梁英.一种新型超声波电源的研究设计：[硕士学位论文].西安：西北工业大学,2005
[41]常栋梁.基于FPGA的数字PWM控制器的研制：[硕士学位论文].西安：西安电子科技大学,2008
[42]Qunming Li, Ling Zhu, Fuliang Wang.Design of Ultrasonic Generator Based on DDS and PLL Technology. High Density packaging and Microsystem Integration,2007.
[43]谈敏.超声波清洗机驱动电源研究：[硕士学位论文].无锡：江南大学,2009
[44]张磊磊.大功率超声清洗电源的研制：[硕士学位论文].兰州：兰州理工大学,2009
[45]姚敏峰,张晶.单片机系统软件抗干扰措施研究.电子技术,2007,23(6)：152-154