玉溪大红山铁选矿厂尾矿再选试验研究
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摘要
我国铁矿“贫、细、杂”的这一特点,使得开采出来的绝大多数铁矿石需要细磨选别。但应用传统工艺很难回收部分粒度过细的矿石,导致大量细粒级的有用矿物流失于尾矿。另一方面,随着多年来铁矿资源的开发利用,可供开采的铁矿石日趋减少且难以分选,因此,铁尾矿再选具有非常重要的现实意义。
本论文以玉溪大红山铁选矿厂铁尾矿为研究对象,该尾矿有价元素为铁,其含量为14.56%,有用矿物以赤铁矿为主,其占矿物总量的10.06%；其次为磁铁矿、磁赤铁矿及菱铁矿,累计占矿物量的2.96%。脉石矿物主要是以石英、长石为主,占矿物总量的48.47%,其次为云母、伊利石、绿泥石、方解石、白云石,累计占矿物总量的11.35%。
研究结果显示该铁尾矿中细粒含量高,Fe主要是富集于+0.037mm～-0.074 mm、+0.010 mm～-0.019mm、-0.010mm三个级别中,其分布率分别为24.96%、14.14%、36.96%,累计达76.06%。Fe的主要载体矿物粗粒级的单体解离度较低,在+0.074mm级别中,其粒级单体解离率仅为38.00%；至-0.037mm级别,其粒级单体解离率可达到80%以上。
针对该尾矿性质,本论文对单一磁选流程、单一重选流程、磁-重联合流程进行了试验方案对比,结果表明磁-重联合流程选别指标最好。
在确定磁-重联合流程的基础上,进行了磁选强度和悬振锥面选矿机参数条件试验,并确定了适合磁选抛尾的磁场强度,磁粗选的磁场强度为0.91T,磁扫选的磁场强度为0.97T；适合处理磁抛尾精矿的悬振锥面选矿机最佳运行参数为：回旋振动频率为385转/分,盘面转动周期为227.5秒/转。在条件试验的基础上进行开路试验,矿石经一粗一扫磁选抛尾后,再分别对磁粗选精矿和磁扫选精矿进行一次重选,获得品位为54.15%、回收率为28.99%的铁精矿和品位为57.31%、回收率为1.00%的铁中矿。
为进一步提高该细粒铁尾矿的回收率,本试验还进行了磁扫选精矿再选试验研究,把磁扫选精矿与磁粗选精矿重选产出尾矿合并后再进行重选试验,获得了品位为53.38%,回收率为5.69%的铁精矿。在此基础上进行了闭路试验,获得了令人满意的效果,在给矿品位为14.56%时,达到了：铁精矿含铁54.02%,铁回收率34.68%,铁尾矿含铁降至10.45%的技术指标。
Because the characteristics of iron ore in China is "poor, fine and miscellaneous", the vast majority of iron ore need to be fine-grounded in order to acquire high-quality concentrate. However, it is difficult to be recovered the part of the ore that the particle size too small by using the traditional craft, and a large number of fine-grained that useful minerals are discharged into the tailings. On the other hand,, the iron ore that can be exploied are less and less with the use of iron ore resources long time. So, the recycle of iron tailings has important realism meaning.
In this paper, the iron tailings that Dahongshan plant were taken as the research object. The valuable elements of these tailings are iron. The Fe content was 14.56%, the main iron mineral were hematitered and accounts for 10.06%. Then there are magnetite and siderite and accounts for 2.96%. The primarily gangue mineral were quartz and feldspar, whose content was 48.47%,then there are mica, illite, chlorite, calcite, dolomite and they are bout 11.35% of the total minerals.
The findings showed that the find grain content is hing in the iron tailing. Fe is mainly concentrates in+0.037mm～-0.074 mm,+0.010 mm～-0.019mm and-0.010mm,the iron distribution rates were 24.96%,14.14% and 36.96%,total 76.06%. There is a low liberation degree of the iron minerals, in the level of +0.074mm, the liberation degree only is 38%.To the level of-0.037mm, the liberation degree above 80%.
According to the properties of tailings, several flowsheets were explored in this paper, such as single magnetic separation flowsheet,single gravity separation flowsheet, the joint of magnetic separation and gravity seperation The experimental study showed that the joint of magnetic separation and gravity seperation were the best of all.
On the basis of the joint of magnetic separation and gravity, magnetic intensity and the Hang and Vibrate of Cone Concentrator conditional tests were carried out. It is determined that the magnetic intensity by using the process of discarding tailings with magnetic separation. the magnetic intensity is 0.91T and 0.97T of magnetic roughing and magnetic scavenging. the most suitable operating parameters for the magnetic concentrate were determined:vibration frequency was 385 rev/min; rotation period of the vibrate was 227.5 sec/turn. Then on this basis, open circuit tests were carried out. After ore by using the process of discarding tailings with magnetic separation,after one rouging and one scavenging, the concentrate of magnetic roughing and the concentrate of magnetic scavenging was process by gravity separation, the grade of Fe concentrate was 54.15% and the recovery was 28.99%, and the grade of middling was 57.13%. and the recovery was 1.00%.
To improve the recovery of fine iron tailings, recleaning tests of magnetic scavenging were carried out, ain at the joint of the concentrate of magnetic roughing and the concentrate of magnetic scavenging, gravity separation was carried out, and obtain the grade of Fe concentrate was 53.38% and the recovery was 5.69%. Then on this basis, closed circuit tests were carried out and obtained a satisfactory result, When the grade of run of mine was 14.52%, the grade of Fe concentrate reached to54.02% and the recovery was 34.68%, the grade of tailings was 10.452%.
本论文以玉溪大红山铁选矿厂铁尾矿为研究对象,该尾矿有价元素为铁,其含量为14.56%,有用矿物以赤铁矿为主,其占矿物总量的10.06%；其次为磁铁矿、磁赤铁矿及菱铁矿,累计占矿物量的2.96%。脉石矿物主要是以石英、长石为主,占矿物总量的48.47%,其次为云母、伊利石、绿泥石、方解石、白云石,累计占矿物总量的11.35%。
研究结果显示该铁尾矿中细粒含量高,Fe主要是富集于+0.037mm～-0.074 mm、+0.010 mm～-0.019mm、-0.010mm三个级别中,其分布率分别为24.96%、14.14%、36.96%,累计达76.06%。Fe的主要载体矿物粗粒级的单体解离度较低,在+0.074mm级别中,其粒级单体解离率仅为38.00%；至-0.037mm级别,其粒级单体解离率可达到80%以上。
针对该尾矿性质,本论文对单一磁选流程、单一重选流程、磁-重联合流程进行了试验方案对比,结果表明磁-重联合流程选别指标最好。
在确定磁-重联合流程的基础上,进行了磁选强度和悬振锥面选矿机参数条件试验,并确定了适合磁选抛尾的磁场强度,磁粗选的磁场强度为0.91T,磁扫选的磁场强度为0.97T；适合处理磁抛尾精矿的悬振锥面选矿机最佳运行参数为：回旋振动频率为385转/分,盘面转动周期为227.5秒/转。在条件试验的基础上进行开路试验,矿石经一粗一扫磁选抛尾后,再分别对磁粗选精矿和磁扫选精矿进行一次重选,获得品位为54.15%、回收率为28.99%的铁精矿和品位为57.31%、回收率为1.00%的铁中矿。
为进一步提高该细粒铁尾矿的回收率,本试验还进行了磁扫选精矿再选试验研究,把磁扫选精矿与磁粗选精矿重选产出尾矿合并后再进行重选试验,获得了品位为53.38%,回收率为5.69%的铁精矿。在此基础上进行了闭路试验,获得了令人满意的效果,在给矿品位为14.56%时,达到了：铁精矿含铁54.02%,铁回收率34.68%,铁尾矿含铁降至10.45%的技术指标。
Because the characteristics of iron ore in China is "poor, fine and miscellaneous", the vast majority of iron ore need to be fine-grounded in order to acquire high-quality concentrate. However, it is difficult to be recovered the part of the ore that the particle size too small by using the traditional craft, and a large number of fine-grained that useful minerals are discharged into the tailings. On the other hand,, the iron ore that can be exploied are less and less with the use of iron ore resources long time. So, the recycle of iron tailings has important realism meaning.
In this paper, the iron tailings that Dahongshan plant were taken as the research object. The valuable elements of these tailings are iron. The Fe content was 14.56%, the main iron mineral were hematitered and accounts for 10.06%. Then there are magnetite and siderite and accounts for 2.96%. The primarily gangue mineral were quartz and feldspar, whose content was 48.47%,then there are mica, illite, chlorite, calcite, dolomite and they are bout 11.35% of the total minerals.
The findings showed that the find grain content is hing in the iron tailing. Fe is mainly concentrates in+0.037mm～-0.074 mm,+0.010 mm～-0.019mm and-0.010mm,the iron distribution rates were 24.96%,14.14% and 36.96%,total 76.06%. There is a low liberation degree of the iron minerals, in the level of +0.074mm, the liberation degree only is 38%.To the level of-0.037mm, the liberation degree above 80%.
According to the properties of tailings, several flowsheets were explored in this paper, such as single magnetic separation flowsheet,single gravity separation flowsheet, the joint of magnetic separation and gravity seperation The experimental study showed that the joint of magnetic separation and gravity seperation were the best of all.
On the basis of the joint of magnetic separation and gravity, magnetic intensity and the Hang and Vibrate of Cone Concentrator conditional tests were carried out. It is determined that the magnetic intensity by using the process of discarding tailings with magnetic separation. the magnetic intensity is 0.91T and 0.97T of magnetic roughing and magnetic scavenging. the most suitable operating parameters for the magnetic concentrate were determined:vibration frequency was 385 rev/min; rotation period of the vibrate was 227.5 sec/turn. Then on this basis, open circuit tests were carried out. After ore by using the process of discarding tailings with magnetic separation,after one rouging and one scavenging, the concentrate of magnetic roughing and the concentrate of magnetic scavenging was process by gravity separation, the grade of Fe concentrate was 54.15% and the recovery was 28.99%, and the grade of middling was 57.13%. and the recovery was 1.00%.
To improve the recovery of fine iron tailings, recleaning tests of magnetic scavenging were carried out, ain at the joint of the concentrate of magnetic roughing and the concentrate of magnetic scavenging, gravity separation was carried out, and obtain the grade of Fe concentrate was 53.38% and the recovery was 5.69%. Then on this basis, closed circuit tests were carried out and obtained a satisfactory result, When the grade of run of mine was 14.52%, the grade of Fe concentrate reached to54.02% and the recovery was 34.68%, the grade of tailings was 10.452%.
引文
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[4]骆华宝、王永基、胡达骧等.我国铁矿资源状况[J].地质论评,2009.11：885-891.
[5]焦玉书、周伟.世界铁矿资源开发利用和我国进口铁矿石的发展态势[J].中国冶金,2004.11(第11期)：13-18.
[6]Magnus Ericsson. World Iron Ore [J]. Skillings mining review,2004
[7]胡岳华,冯其明.矿物资源加工技术与设备[M].北京：科学出版社,2006.
[8]不详.中国铁矿资源分布[J].兰格钢铁,2004(第1期)：9.
[9]张泾生.我国铁矿资源开发利用现状及发展趋势[J].钢铁,2007.2(第42卷第2期)：1-6.
[10]谢承祥、李厚民、王瑞江。中国已查明的铁矿资源的结构特征[J].地质通告,2009.1(第28卷第1期)：80-84.
[11]邱俊、吕宪俊.铁矿选矿技术[M].化学工业出版社,2009.
[12]谢承祥、李厚民。我国钢铁发展对铁矿石选矿科技发展的影响[J].中国矿业,2007.1(第28卷第1期)：1-6.
[13]胡永平、孔令坛.推广高效选矿技术合理利用铁矿资源[J].金属矿山(增刊)：2006.8：18-19.
[14]Jamie Wade. Tailings-from concept to closure [J]. Australian Mining, 2008(1).
[15]《选矿手册》编委会.选矿手册(第八卷第四分册)[M].北京：冶金工 业出版社,1991.
[16]Jeannet A. Meima, Simona Regenspurg. Geochemical modelling of hardpan formation in an iron slag dump [J]. Minerals Engineering,20 (2007):16～25.
[17]支全.铁矿石选矿新技术的研究与应用概况[J].矿业快报,2006.7(第7期)：13-15.
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