地震动输入的优选与常规岛主厂房基础隔震设计
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摘要
本文包括两部分内容：第一部分是挑选与规范反应谱相兼容的实际地震动记录，第二部分是常规岛主厂房的减隔震设计。第一部分研究内容包括：按照现行抗震规范给出的反应谱曲线，以现有的实际地震动记录为基础，挑选符合规范谱曲线的时程记录，以供时程分析参考或选用。第二部分主要是针对一个常规岛厂房钢—混凝土混合结构进行减隔震设计，并对前后两种结构的地震响应进行了对比分析，表明隔震后结构抗震性能得到较大提升。分别叙述如下：
1.目前结构时程分析方法越来越受到重视，在结构性能分析及安全评估中应用广泛。对于一个给定的结构，如何选择输入地震动及选择什么样的时程记录是一个重要的问题。基于此，本文进行了挑选地震波的相关工作。利用Matlab软件编制了相关的程序，以大量实际地震动记录为基础，选出了若干在一定周期范围内与抗震规范反应谱符合程度较好的实际记录，并将所选记录按规范中的特征周期Tg进行分组。并选取一个框架结构模型，输入所选出的地震动记录和目前常用记录进行时程分析，考察其结构响应参数（包括结构底层剪力、楼层顶点位移和最大层间位移角）。计算结果显示，单条记录作用下结构的底层剪力大于反应谱法计算的65%，多条记录作用下的均值大于反应谱法计算所得结果的80%，可以满足抗震规范的要求，且结构响应的离散性明显小于常用记录作用下的，验证了所选记录的合理性。
2.隔震技术可以大幅降低结构的地震响应，以较低的成本可以挽回地震时重大的生命财产损失，在国内外的应用不断增多。而对常规岛厂房结构的隔震尚不多见，本文对山东省一个常规岛主厂房结构进行基础隔震设计。该结构为钢—混凝土框排架结构，荷载复杂，平面布置不规则。经过多次比较选择了合适的隔震支座，并在隔震层增设了若干粘滞阻尼器，以限制其水平位移。采用SAP2000进行了中震和罕遇地震作用下的计算分析，结果显示采取隔震方案后，结构的响应得到了有效的控制，上部结构基本保持在弹性范围内。
This paper consists of two parts: the first part is about the selection of real groundmotions compatible with the code spectrum, the second part is the seismic isolationand reduction design of main plant of a conventional island plant. First part is to selectsome real ground motions for time-history analysis according to the responsespectrum curve given in the seismic code, based on the ground motion recordsavailable. Second part mainly includes the seismic isolation and reduction design of aconventional island plant, which is steel-concrete hybrid structure, and the dynamicresponse comparisons of two structures are made, the results show that the seismicperformance of the structure is greatly improved with the isolation system.
1. Nowadays, more and more attention is being paid to structure time-historyanalysis method, which is widely used in the performance analysis and safetyassessment of structure. For a given structure, how to select input ground motions andwhat kind of records should be chosen are great issues. This paper carries on someresearch based on what have mentioned above. Based on the real records databaseavailable, related Matlab programs are written to select some records compatible withthe code spectrum curve in certain period ranges. The selected records are also begrouped in terms of characteristic period Tg. The selected records and some records incommon use are input to a frame structure model for the time-history analysis toinspect structural response parameters, including base shear force, vertexdisplacement and maximum interstory drift and so on. The results show that, the baseshear force simulated by single record is bigger than the65%of the result fromresponse spectrum method; the average values of multiple records are above the80%of the result from response spectrum method. Those results can live up to the coderequirements and show small disperse compared with the records in common use,which verify the rationality of the selected records.
2. Seismic isolation technology, the applications is growing at home and abroad,which can significantly reduce the structural responses and help people to restore thesignificant loss of lives and property at a lower cost in the earthquake. However, casesof isolation technology applied in the conventional island plant structure are still rare.Base isolation is designed for a conventional island plant located in Shandongprovince, which is a steel-concrete framed bent structure with complex loading casesand irregular layout. Proper rubber bearings are chosen after making severalcomparisons and some viscous dampers are assigned in the isolation layer to limit thelevel of lateral displacement. Analyses under frequently-occurred and rarely-occurredearthquakes are taken with SAP2000, the results show the responses of the structureare effectively controlled and the upper-structure is almost elastic.
1.目前结构时程分析方法越来越受到重视，在结构性能分析及安全评估中应用广泛。对于一个给定的结构，如何选择输入地震动及选择什么样的时程记录是一个重要的问题。基于此，本文进行了挑选地震波的相关工作。利用Matlab软件编制了相关的程序，以大量实际地震动记录为基础，选出了若干在一定周期范围内与抗震规范反应谱符合程度较好的实际记录，并将所选记录按规范中的特征周期Tg进行分组。并选取一个框架结构模型，输入所选出的地震动记录和目前常用记录进行时程分析，考察其结构响应参数（包括结构底层剪力、楼层顶点位移和最大层间位移角）。计算结果显示，单条记录作用下结构的底层剪力大于反应谱法计算的65%，多条记录作用下的均值大于反应谱法计算所得结果的80%，可以满足抗震规范的要求，且结构响应的离散性明显小于常用记录作用下的，验证了所选记录的合理性。
2.隔震技术可以大幅降低结构的地震响应，以较低的成本可以挽回地震时重大的生命财产损失，在国内外的应用不断增多。而对常规岛厂房结构的隔震尚不多见，本文对山东省一个常规岛主厂房结构进行基础隔震设计。该结构为钢—混凝土框排架结构，荷载复杂，平面布置不规则。经过多次比较选择了合适的隔震支座，并在隔震层增设了若干粘滞阻尼器，以限制其水平位移。采用SAP2000进行了中震和罕遇地震作用下的计算分析，结果显示采取隔震方案后，结构的响应得到了有效的控制，上部结构基本保持在弹性范围内。
This paper consists of two parts: the first part is about the selection of real groundmotions compatible with the code spectrum, the second part is the seismic isolationand reduction design of main plant of a conventional island plant. First part is to selectsome real ground motions for time-history analysis according to the responsespectrum curve given in the seismic code, based on the ground motion recordsavailable. Second part mainly includes the seismic isolation and reduction design of aconventional island plant, which is steel-concrete hybrid structure, and the dynamicresponse comparisons of two structures are made, the results show that the seismicperformance of the structure is greatly improved with the isolation system.
1. Nowadays, more and more attention is being paid to structure time-historyanalysis method, which is widely used in the performance analysis and safetyassessment of structure. For a given structure, how to select input ground motions andwhat kind of records should be chosen are great issues. This paper carries on someresearch based on what have mentioned above. Based on the real records databaseavailable, related Matlab programs are written to select some records compatible withthe code spectrum curve in certain period ranges. The selected records are also begrouped in terms of characteristic period Tg. The selected records and some records incommon use are input to a frame structure model for the time-history analysis toinspect structural response parameters, including base shear force, vertexdisplacement and maximum interstory drift and so on. The results show that, the baseshear force simulated by single record is bigger than the65%of the result fromresponse spectrum method; the average values of multiple records are above the80%of the result from response spectrum method. Those results can live up to the coderequirements and show small disperse compared with the records in common use,which verify the rationality of the selected records.
2. Seismic isolation technology, the applications is growing at home and abroad,which can significantly reduce the structural responses and help people to restore thesignificant loss of lives and property at a lower cost in the earthquake. However, casesof isolation technology applied in the conventional island plant structure are still rare.Base isolation is designed for a conventional island plant located in Shandongprovince, which is a steel-concrete framed bent structure with complex loading casesand irregular layout. Proper rubber bearings are chosen after making severalcomparisons and some viscous dampers are assigned in the isolation layer to limit thelevel of lateral displacement. Analyses under frequently-occurred and rarely-occurredearthquakes are taken with SAP2000, the results show the responses of the structureare effectively controlled and the upper-structure is almost elastic.
引文
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[2]国家地震局.汶川地震建筑震害调查与灾后重建分析报告.地震出版社.2008:20~35
[3]张敏政.地震动工程参数的估计[J].地震地磁观测与研究，1986（06）
[4]谢礼立，马玉宏，翟长海.基于性态的抗震设防与设计地震动[M].科学出版社.2009:6-16
[5]沈聚敏，周锡元，高小旺等.抗震工程学[M].中国建筑工业出版社.2000.
[6]李国强，李杰，苏小卒.建筑结构抗震设计（第二版）[M].中国建筑工业出版社.2008
[7]王亚勇，王理，张善庆，曾志攀.厦门武夷花园大厦结构弹塑性地震反应分析[J].建筑结构.1995，03:4-5
[8]蒋欢军，和留生，吕西林，丁洁民，赵昕.上海中心大厦抗震性能分析和振动台试验研究[J].建筑结构学报.2011，32(11):56-58
[9]王亚勇.关于设计反应谱、时程法和能量方法的探讨[J].建筑结构学报.2000，21(1):21-28.
[10]王亚勇，刘小弟.建筑结构时程分析法输入地震波的研究[J].建筑结构学报.1991，12(2)：52-59.
[11]夏洪流，李英民，赖明.调制ARMA模型在地震动仿真中的几个问题探讨[J].重庆建筑大学学报.2004，26(5):54-58
[12]岳茂光，王亚勇，李宏男.完全非平稳多点人工波的模拟方法[J].工程抗震与加固改造.2009，31(05)：40-43
[13]李建华，李杰.考虑反应谱变异特性的人工合成地震波[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版).2002，30(09):1038-1042
[14] Li Y and Kareem A. Simulation of multivariate nonstationary random processes by FFT [J].Journal of Engineering Mechanies.1991(117):1037-1058
[15]翟希梅，吴知丰.人工地震波反应谱拟合技术的改进[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报.1995，27(06):130-134
[16]赵凤新，张郁山.拟合峰值速度与目标反应谱的人造地震动[J].地震学报.2006，28(04):433-436
[17]胡聿贤，何训.考虑相位谱的人造地震动反应谱拟合[J].地震工程与工程振动.1986，06(02):48-49
[18] GB50011-2010建筑抗震设计规范[S].中国建筑工业出版社.2010
[19] Recommended provisions for seismic regulations for new buildings and other structures(FEMA450), Part2: Ground Motion. Building seismic safety.2003.
[20] UBC94Structural engineering design provisions[S].1994.
[21] European Prestandard Eurocode8[S].1998.
[22]胡聿贤.地震工程学[M].地震出版社，1988:30-40
[23]王亚勇，程民宪，刘小弟.结构抗震时程分析法输入地震记录的选择方法及其应用[J].建筑结构.1992(5):3-7.
[24]杨溥，李英明，赖明.结构时程分析法输入地震波的选择控制指标[J].土木工程学报.2000，33(6)：33-36.
[25]王伟刚.基础隔震结构弹塑性动力分析.合肥工业大学硕士论文.2005
[26]李爱群.工程结构减震控制[M].机械工业出版社，2008.
[27]周福霖.工程结构减震控制[M].地震出版社，1997.
[28] Y. Fahjan, Z. Ozdemir. Scaling of earthquake accelerograms for non-Linear dynamic analysesto match the earthquake design spectra[C]. The14thWorld Conference on EarthquakeEngineering.2008:156-172
[29] Ali HaydarKayhan, Kasim Armagan Korkmaz, AyhanIrfanoglu. Selecting and scaling realground motion records using harmony search algorithm[J]. Soil Dynamics and EarthquakeEngineering.2011(31):941-953
[30] Ye Xianguo, Wang Decai. Selection of real earthquake accelerograms for structural dynamicanalysis and energy evaluation[J]. Science China(Technological Sciences).2011(11):1-4
[31] Gang Wang. A ground motion selection and modification method preserving characteristicsand aleatory variability of scenario earthquakes[C].The9thUS national and10thCanadianconference on earthquake engineering.2010:1112-1124
[32] Julian J.Bommer, Beatriz Acevedo. The use of real earthquake accelerograms as input todynamic analysis[J]. Journal of Earthquake Engineering.2004,8(1):43-91
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