Hat Creek煤作为固相有机碳源去除地下水中硝酸盐氮的基础研究
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摘要
随着工农业生产的迅速发展,地下水硝酸盐污染日益严重。由于地下水中的硝酸盐会以间接或者直接的方式对人类健康造成危害,因此对受硝酸盐污染的地下水进行修复势在必行。传统的修复方法都各自存在着缺点,在地下水的原位修复方面尤为明显。
本文提出以Hat Creek煤作为地下水硝酸盐污染生物修复的固相有机碳源生物载体,将其既作为固相有机碳源又作为生物载体;其次制作统一标准的硝酸盐污染生物修复模拟反应柱试验装置,对比其在多种条件下反硝化去除硝酸盐氮的效能,同时以生物陶粒、滤纸等生物载体为参照进行对比试验研究。通过对不同碳源浓度、不同流速、不同碳氮比以及不同生物载体等条件下的系统硝酸盐氮去除率对比分析,可以得出以下结论:(1)有机碳源甲醇浓度从150mg/L逐渐减小到50mg/L,以陶粒和煤为载体的反应柱硝酸盐氮的去除率均逐渐降低且无明显区别;(2)流速从625μl/min逐渐减小到200μl/min,煤反应柱硝酸盐氮的去除率逐渐高于陶粒反应柱;(3)随着碳氮比的降低,以陶粒和煤为载体的反应柱硝酸盐氮的去除率均有所降低,但两者硝酸盐氮的去除率差别逐渐增大且煤反应柱去除率高于陶粒反应柱;(4)以滤纸为载体填料的反应柱硝酸盐氮的去除率高于以煤为载体填料的反应柱硝酸盐氮的去除率,同时都高于以陶粒为载体填料的反应柱硝酸盐氮的去除率;(5)在零碳源条件下,引入溶煤菌的煤反应柱硝酸盐氮的去除率达到60%,高于未引入溶煤菌时的40%。
Hat Creek煤属于一种半惰性固体材料,使用一定的方法对其进行改性处理后,该煤就能够释放出更多的有机碳源供微生物利用。因此,就可以利用Hat Creek煤兼具生物载体和固相有机碳源的双重作用,适当解决地下水体中反硝化脱氮作用中碳源不足的问题,同时也可以减少外部投加碳源的总量以及由外加碳源过多而引起的再次污染问题。
With the development of industry and agriculture, nitrate pollution in the groundwater become more and more seriously. At present, the drinking water in many countries has been polluted by nitrate. Comcern for possible health consequences has led to a desire for remedition of the contaminated groundwater. But all the current technologies to remove nitrate from groundwater have disadvantages, especially when be used for the purpose of in situ remediation.
In this experiment, coal is used as the carbon-souece and the bio-carrier to remove the nitrate from the groundwater. Different conditions such as the concentration of the carbon-source, the flow rate, the ratio of carbon/hydrogen, and the bio-carrier are used in the experiment, meanwhile, the ceramisite is used as comparision in it. Studied by experiment, we draw conclusions that: (1) When the conditions like flow rate and so on are the same, the removal rate of the nitrate on the condition that the concentration of the carbon-source is 150mg/L is higher than it on the conditon that the concentration of the carbon-source is 100mg/L and 50mg/L. (2)when the flow rate is decreased to 200μl/min, the removal rate of the nitrate is higher than it on the condition that the flow rate is 625μl/min. (3)when the other conditions are the same, the removal rate of the nitrate in the high ratio of carbon/hydrogen condition is correspondingly high. when the concentration of the carbon-source is 50mg/L, the removal rate of the nitrate on the conditon that using filter paper as bio-carrier is about 95%, and is higher than it on the conditon that using coal as bio-carrier. Meanwhile, the removal rate of the nitrate on the condition that using ceramisite as bio-carrier is the lowest and about 50%. (4)With the same other conditions, when the flow rate is 625μl/min, the removal rate of the nitrate on two conditions that using ceramisite and coal as bio-carrier is almost the same. However, when the flow rate are 300μl/min and 200μl/min, the better removal rate of the nitrate is obtained as the coal is used for bio-carrier. (5)When the concentration of the carbon-source is 0mg/L, after the coal is changed through some certain methods, the removal rate of the nitrate on the condition that using the modified coal as bio-carrier is comparatively high and up to 60%.
Coal is half-inert solid materials,therefore we can solve the problem of the carbon-source lack during the denitrification process based on the double-roles of the organic carbon-source and the bio-carrier. It is important that the problems of external carbon-source and secondary pollution can be sovled.
本文提出以Hat Creek煤作为地下水硝酸盐污染生物修复的固相有机碳源生物载体,将其既作为固相有机碳源又作为生物载体;其次制作统一标准的硝酸盐污染生物修复模拟反应柱试验装置,对比其在多种条件下反硝化去除硝酸盐氮的效能,同时以生物陶粒、滤纸等生物载体为参照进行对比试验研究。通过对不同碳源浓度、不同流速、不同碳氮比以及不同生物载体等条件下的系统硝酸盐氮去除率对比分析,可以得出以下结论:(1)有机碳源甲醇浓度从150mg/L逐渐减小到50mg/L,以陶粒和煤为载体的反应柱硝酸盐氮的去除率均逐渐降低且无明显区别;(2)流速从625μl/min逐渐减小到200μl/min,煤反应柱硝酸盐氮的去除率逐渐高于陶粒反应柱;(3)随着碳氮比的降低,以陶粒和煤为载体的反应柱硝酸盐氮的去除率均有所降低,但两者硝酸盐氮的去除率差别逐渐增大且煤反应柱去除率高于陶粒反应柱;(4)以滤纸为载体填料的反应柱硝酸盐氮的去除率高于以煤为载体填料的反应柱硝酸盐氮的去除率,同时都高于以陶粒为载体填料的反应柱硝酸盐氮的去除率;(5)在零碳源条件下,引入溶煤菌的煤反应柱硝酸盐氮的去除率达到60%,高于未引入溶煤菌时的40%。
Hat Creek煤属于一种半惰性固体材料,使用一定的方法对其进行改性处理后,该煤就能够释放出更多的有机碳源供微生物利用。因此,就可以利用Hat Creek煤兼具生物载体和固相有机碳源的双重作用,适当解决地下水体中反硝化脱氮作用中碳源不足的问题,同时也可以减少外部投加碳源的总量以及由外加碳源过多而引起的再次污染问题。
With the development of industry and agriculture, nitrate pollution in the groundwater become more and more seriously. At present, the drinking water in many countries has been polluted by nitrate. Comcern for possible health consequences has led to a desire for remedition of the contaminated groundwater. But all the current technologies to remove nitrate from groundwater have disadvantages, especially when be used for the purpose of in situ remediation.
In this experiment, coal is used as the carbon-souece and the bio-carrier to remove the nitrate from the groundwater. Different conditions such as the concentration of the carbon-source, the flow rate, the ratio of carbon/hydrogen, and the bio-carrier are used in the experiment, meanwhile, the ceramisite is used as comparision in it. Studied by experiment, we draw conclusions that: (1) When the conditions like flow rate and so on are the same, the removal rate of the nitrate on the condition that the concentration of the carbon-source is 150mg/L is higher than it on the conditon that the concentration of the carbon-source is 100mg/L and 50mg/L. (2)when the flow rate is decreased to 200μl/min, the removal rate of the nitrate is higher than it on the condition that the flow rate is 625μl/min. (3)when the other conditions are the same, the removal rate of the nitrate in the high ratio of carbon/hydrogen condition is correspondingly high. when the concentration of the carbon-source is 50mg/L, the removal rate of the nitrate on the conditon that using filter paper as bio-carrier is about 95%, and is higher than it on the conditon that using coal as bio-carrier. Meanwhile, the removal rate of the nitrate on the condition that using ceramisite as bio-carrier is the lowest and about 50%. (4)With the same other conditions, when the flow rate is 625μl/min, the removal rate of the nitrate on two conditions that using ceramisite and coal as bio-carrier is almost the same. However, when the flow rate are 300μl/min and 200μl/min, the better removal rate of the nitrate is obtained as the coal is used for bio-carrier. (5)When the concentration of the carbon-source is 0mg/L, after the coal is changed through some certain methods, the removal rate of the nitrate on the condition that using the modified coal as bio-carrier is comparatively high and up to 60%.
Coal is half-inert solid materials,therefore we can solve the problem of the carbon-source lack during the denitrification process based on the double-roles of the organic carbon-source and the bio-carrier. It is important that the problems of external carbon-source and secondary pollution can be sovled.
引文
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[2]李俊云,李林立,等.人类活动对川东平行岭谷区岩溶地下水化学性质季节变化的影响.长江流域资源与环境, 2007, 16(4):514-518.
[3]李政红,张翠云,等.地下水微生物学研究进展综述.南水北调与水利科技, 2007, 5(5):60-63.
[4]孙景云,左犀.地下水饮用水源地的保护.环境科学, 1996, 17(5):20-24.
[5]张庆乐,王浩,张丽青,等.饮用水中硝态氮污染对人体健康的影响.地下水, 2008, 30(1):57-59.
[6]孙彭力,等.氮素化肥的环境污染.环境保护与防治, 1995, 17(1):38-41.
[7] Devlin J F.. Barker J F.. Field Demonstration of Permeable Wall Flushing for Biostmulation of a Shallow Sandy Aquifer. Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation. 1999, 19(1).
[8] David F Weymann. Biosparging Used in Aquifer Remediation. Pollution Engineering. 1995, (5):36-41.
[9]陈秀成,曹瑞钰.地下水污染治理技术的进展.中国给水排水, 2001:23-26.
[10]张文静,董维红,等.地下水污染修复技术综合评价.水资源保护, 2006, 22(5):1-4.
[11] Zhukun, Chenhui, LiGuangHe, et al. In Situ Remediation of Petroleum Compounds in Groundwater Aquifer With Chlorine Dioxide. Water Research. 1998, 32(5):1471-1480.
[12]赵勇胜.地下水污染场地污染的控制与修复.吉林大学学报, 2007, 37(2):303-310.
[13]蓝俊康.污染场地修复技术的种类.四川环境, 2006, 25(3):90-100.
[14] Kao C.M., Lei S.E.. Using a Peat Biobarrier to Remediate PCE/TCE Contaminated Aquifer. Wat Res. 2000, 34(3):835-845.
[15]杨梅,费宇红.地下水污染修复技术的研究综述.勘察科学技术, 2008, 4:12-16.
[16]余国忠,等.污染地下水的生物修复.河南化工, 2007, 24(3):11-15.
[17] Canter L.W.. Nitrates in Groundwater. Lewis Publishers. 1997.
[18]罗泽娇,等.地下水三氮污染的研究进展.水文地质工程地质, 2002, 4:65-69.
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