梭形杆环空流场数值计算及应用
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摘要
聚合物驱是提高原油采收率的重要手段。为了改善吸水剖面,注聚与注水一样,均采用分层配注。聚合物驱分层配注中两个关键技术便是满足分层配压和降低聚合物溶液在配注过程中的视粘度损失。对于分层配压一般采用节流的办法来实现,但往往聚合物视粘度损失较大;而解决了视粘度损失问题后,又往往实现不了分层配压。这一矛盾的存在,成为限制聚合物驱分层配注技术发展的瓶颈。
以解决上述矛盾为出发点,结合现场实际情况,本文提出了梭形杆环空偏心分层配注新工艺。该工艺的核心技术便是梭形杆环空流道的形状设计与梭球数的确定,而解决这一问题的途径是棱形杆环空流场特性的研究。
梭形杆环空流属于复杂流场,目前难以通过求解N-S方程得到解析解,往往采用数值计算和实验的方法来研究。随着计算机应用技术的发展和基于湍流模式理论的较完善的湍流模型的推出,用于流场数值计算的大型商用CFD软件得以推广和应用,成为梭形杆环空流场数值计算的有效手段。
本文在调研常用CFD软件资料的基础上,选择具有丰富的湍流模型和较高准确度的PHOENICS软件为计算工具,按照梭形杆实际尺寸建立了模拟模型,以水为例对Newton流体在梭形杆环空中流动进行了数值计算,给出了流场的速度分布、压力分布以及湍动能分布,同时还分析了流量、三种流道形状以及梭球数对流场特性的影响。
在成功进行Newton流体在棱形杆环空中流动的数值计算基础上,以HPAM水溶液为例,对非Newton流体在梭形杆环空中的流动进行了数值计算,给出了不同流性指数下的速度分布、压力分布、湍动能分布以及视粘度分布。
通过水及HPAM水溶液在梭形杆环空中的流动实验,验证了上述计算的可靠性,同时研究了两种梭形角和不同梭球数条件下HPAM水溶液的视粘度损失,为确定梭形杆环空偏心分层配注器中梭形球的夹角和梭球数,降低HPAM水溶液在注入过程中的视粘度损失提供了可靠依据。
根据数值计算和实验研究成果,设计加工了梭形杆环空偏心分层配注器,并在大庆采油六厂进行了聚合物驱梭形杆环空偏心分层配注工艺的现场应用。现场应用结果表明,本文设计加工的梭形杆环空偏心分层配注器原理可行、结构合理,视粘度大大降低,完全达到了聚合物驱分层配注的设计要求。
Polymer flooding is one of the most important ways for EOR. In order to perfect water injection profile, multi-zone flow regulating of polymer injection is used, just like that of water injection. Two of the key technologies in multi-zone flow regulating of polymer flooding are the satisfactory multi-zone pressure regulating and decreasing the apparent viscosity lost of polymer solution during the process of flow regulating. As to the multi-zone pressure regulating, way of throttle is usually used, but there is big apparent viscosity lost of polymer solution; while once the problem of apparent viscosity lost is solved, multi-zone pressure regulating can't be achieved. Therefore, the paradox becomes the bottleneck of the development of multi-zone flow regulating of polymer flooding.
In order to solve the problem mentioned above, combined with the situations in the oilfield, a new technology of multi-zone flow regulating in eccentric annulus with shuttle rod is proposed in this paper. The core technologies are design of the shape of flow channel in annulus with shuttle rod and definition of the number of the shuttle balls. So, the way to solve the problem is the research on the characteristics of the flow field in annulus with shuttle rod.
The flow in annulus with shuttle rod is very complex. It is hard to obtain the analytical solution by solving the N-S equation. So, numerical calculation and experiments are often used to research on the problem. With the development of the application of computer and based on the derivation of the turbulent model, CFD software used for numerical calculation of flow field are applied and developed, and becomes the effective way for numerical calculation of flow field in annulus with shuttle rod.
Based on surveys and researches on the CFD software information, PHOENICS software, which has plenty of turbulent models and high accuracy, was selected as the tool for calculation; simulation model was established according to the real size of shuttle rod; the flow of Newtonian fluid in annulus with shuttle rod was numerically calculated, used water; velocity distribution, pressure distribution and kinetic energy of turbulent of the flow field were given, respectively, and the flow rate, three kinds of shapes of flow channel and the influences of the number of shuttle rod on the characteristics of flow field were analysed, respectively.
On the basis of successful numerical calculation of the flow of Newtonian fluid in annulus with shuttle rod, using HPAM solution, the flow of non-Newtonian fluid in annulus with shuttle rod was numerically calculated; velocity distribution, pressure distribution, kinetic energy of turbulent and apparent viscosity distribution under varied liquidity indexes were given, respectively.
Through the experiments of flow of water and HPAM solution in annulus with shuttle rod, the reliability of the calculation mentioned above was testified; through researches on the apparent viscosity lost of HPAM solution under the condition of two shuttle angles and varied number of shuttle balls, respectively, reliable criteria were provided for defining the number and the included angles of shuttle balls in multi-zone flow regulating equipment in eccentric annulus with shuttle rod and decreasing the apparent viscosity lost during the process of HPAM solution injection.
Based on the results of numerical calculation and experiments, multi-zone flow regulating equipment in eccentric annulus with shuttle rod was designed and produced, and applied in the oilfield of the sixth oil company of Daqing Oilfield. The application results show that the multi-zone flow regulating equipment in eccentric annulus with shuttle rod, designed in this paper, is feasible; the apparent viscosity decreases to a very lower degree, and it is in a good accordance with the request of the design.
以解决上述矛盾为出发点,结合现场实际情况,本文提出了梭形杆环空偏心分层配注新工艺。该工艺的核心技术便是梭形杆环空流道的形状设计与梭球数的确定,而解决这一问题的途径是棱形杆环空流场特性的研究。
梭形杆环空流属于复杂流场,目前难以通过求解N-S方程得到解析解,往往采用数值计算和实验的方法来研究。随着计算机应用技术的发展和基于湍流模式理论的较完善的湍流模型的推出,用于流场数值计算的大型商用CFD软件得以推广和应用,成为梭形杆环空流场数值计算的有效手段。
本文在调研常用CFD软件资料的基础上,选择具有丰富的湍流模型和较高准确度的PHOENICS软件为计算工具,按照梭形杆实际尺寸建立了模拟模型,以水为例对Newton流体在梭形杆环空中流动进行了数值计算,给出了流场的速度分布、压力分布以及湍动能分布,同时还分析了流量、三种流道形状以及梭球数对流场特性的影响。
在成功进行Newton流体在棱形杆环空中流动的数值计算基础上,以HPAM水溶液为例,对非Newton流体在梭形杆环空中的流动进行了数值计算,给出了不同流性指数下的速度分布、压力分布、湍动能分布以及视粘度分布。
通过水及HPAM水溶液在梭形杆环空中的流动实验,验证了上述计算的可靠性,同时研究了两种梭形角和不同梭球数条件下HPAM水溶液的视粘度损失,为确定梭形杆环空偏心分层配注器中梭形球的夹角和梭球数,降低HPAM水溶液在注入过程中的视粘度损失提供了可靠依据。
根据数值计算和实验研究成果,设计加工了梭形杆环空偏心分层配注器,并在大庆采油六厂进行了聚合物驱梭形杆环空偏心分层配注工艺的现场应用。现场应用结果表明,本文设计加工的梭形杆环空偏心分层配注器原理可行、结构合理,视粘度大大降低,完全达到了聚合物驱分层配注的设计要求。
Polymer flooding is one of the most important ways for EOR. In order to perfect water injection profile, multi-zone flow regulating of polymer injection is used, just like that of water injection. Two of the key technologies in multi-zone flow regulating of polymer flooding are the satisfactory multi-zone pressure regulating and decreasing the apparent viscosity lost of polymer solution during the process of flow regulating. As to the multi-zone pressure regulating, way of throttle is usually used, but there is big apparent viscosity lost of polymer solution; while once the problem of apparent viscosity lost is solved, multi-zone pressure regulating can't be achieved. Therefore, the paradox becomes the bottleneck of the development of multi-zone flow regulating of polymer flooding.
In order to solve the problem mentioned above, combined with the situations in the oilfield, a new technology of multi-zone flow regulating in eccentric annulus with shuttle rod is proposed in this paper. The core technologies are design of the shape of flow channel in annulus with shuttle rod and definition of the number of the shuttle balls. So, the way to solve the problem is the research on the characteristics of the flow field in annulus with shuttle rod.
The flow in annulus with shuttle rod is very complex. It is hard to obtain the analytical solution by solving the N-S equation. So, numerical calculation and experiments are often used to research on the problem. With the development of the application of computer and based on the derivation of the turbulent model, CFD software used for numerical calculation of flow field are applied and developed, and becomes the effective way for numerical calculation of flow field in annulus with shuttle rod.
Based on surveys and researches on the CFD software information, PHOENICS software, which has plenty of turbulent models and high accuracy, was selected as the tool for calculation; simulation model was established according to the real size of shuttle rod; the flow of Newtonian fluid in annulus with shuttle rod was numerically calculated, used water; velocity distribution, pressure distribution and kinetic energy of turbulent of the flow field were given, respectively, and the flow rate, three kinds of shapes of flow channel and the influences of the number of shuttle rod on the characteristics of flow field were analysed, respectively.
On the basis of successful numerical calculation of the flow of Newtonian fluid in annulus with shuttle rod, using HPAM solution, the flow of non-Newtonian fluid in annulus with shuttle rod was numerically calculated; velocity distribution, pressure distribution, kinetic energy of turbulent and apparent viscosity distribution under varied liquidity indexes were given, respectively.
Through the experiments of flow of water and HPAM solution in annulus with shuttle rod, the reliability of the calculation mentioned above was testified; through researches on the apparent viscosity lost of HPAM solution under the condition of two shuttle angles and varied number of shuttle balls, respectively, reliable criteria were provided for defining the number and the included angles of shuttle balls in multi-zone flow regulating equipment in eccentric annulus with shuttle rod and decreasing the apparent viscosity lost during the process of HPAM solution injection.
Based on the results of numerical calculation and experiments, multi-zone flow regulating equipment in eccentric annulus with shuttle rod was designed and produced, and applied in the oilfield of the sixth oil company of Daqing Oilfield. The application results show that the multi-zone flow regulating equipment in eccentric annulus with shuttle rod, designed in this paper, is feasible; the apparent viscosity decreases to a very lower degree, and it is in a good accordance with the request of the design.
引文
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