小区干式变压器振动特性及整体隔振研究
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摘要
因城市规划与用地的限制,城居区配变电设施常常安置于城市办公或居民楼区内。其中变压器运行时将带来环境振动与噪声污染问题,同时由于其机体振动会通过基础以及邻近建筑结构构件向周围传播,并可能诱发结构性噪声。显然,对城居区变压器所致环境振动进行研究与治理具有重要的社会意义。论文基于“某直辖市地区变电站及配电房结构传声治理研究”项目,对目前城居区普遍使用的干式变压器振动特性及其环境振动传播规律进行研究,在此基础上,对变压器的常规隔振措施、隔振系统设计与优化等问题进行了系统分析。论文主要内容如下：
1、采用ANSYS有限元结构动力分析程序,建立了干式变压器结构动力分析模型,对其铁心、机体以及底部支撑槽钢的固有频率特征、振动模态表现进行了计算分析。确定了变压器运行时易产生谐振的卓越频率范围在75-525Hz以内。
2、对城居区典型楼区的干式变压器环境振动进行现场监测,对其实施隔振措施前、后机身与基座处地面上的加速度信号进行了实测,对振动隔离效果进行了评价,对环境振动信号的频域特征进行了分析。
3、考虑变压器机身的非刚性,采用ANSYS有限元结构分析程序对变压器常规的单层隔振系统进行动力分析,分别讨论了各系统参数对隔振效果的影响,为隔振系统参数的调整与设计优化奠定基础。
4、考虑地基的柔性,建立了多点支撑的“板-梁-质量”多层隔振系统模型,依据戴维宁等效方法,推导出传递至基础的系统功率流方程,并采用MATLAB编程数值分析,得出该多层隔振系统比常规单层隔振或双层隔振体系更优良。并对系统设计参数改变对传入地基的功率能量流的影响进行了研究分析,为更为完善的隔振系统设计与优化提供有益参考。
Along with the urban planning and land limited, power distribution facilities will be more and more sited inside the office or dweller building area of cities. Follow, electrical equipment operating such as transformers within distribution room can produce pollution of the environmental noise, meanwhile, the body will produce the vibration and it will be spread out through the machine bases and other structure members. It will not only inspire vibration environment pollution, but also can induce structural noise. Obviously, it has a positive meaning for the research on the producing mechanism, the propagation, or the design and controlling of isolation to the environment vibration caused by transformers in residential districts. The vibration mechanism and the propagation law of dry-type transformers were studied in this paper based on the project to "The Research of Governance on The Structural Sound Transmission Caused by Transformers and Distribution Structure for a Municipality". After that, a systemic analysis was carried out on the design and optimization of isolation systems. The main contents of this paper are described as follows:
1. In this paper, a dynamic analysis model was built up with a combination of finite element method and software ANSYS. The natural frequencies and mode shapes were got after the modal analysis on the transformer core, the bottom supported channel steel and the whole structure. It was found that the transformer core and the whole structure would resonate at75-525Hz.
2. After the field testing of the ambient vibration of both transformers with isolators or not in residential districts, the acceleration signal delivered to the body and the floor were got. And then the effect of vibration isolation was evaluated. Fast Fourier transform was applied to the signal in order to detect its frequency domain characteristics.
3. Based on the non-rigid of transformers, ANSYS was used to carry on a dynamic analysis on the single-layer vibration isolating system. And the influence on isolation effect by the change of the structure parameters was discussed, which laid a foundation for optimizing the system.
4. Considering the flexible of the foundation, a special multi-layer vibration isolation system of "Plate-Beam-Mass" was established on the paper. The power flow transfer equation was derived by the "Thevenin equivalent method". After the comparison of effects of isolating systems using numerical method of MATLAB, it was concluded that the "Plate-Beam-Mass" vibration isolating system showed a better performance than single-layer vibration isolating system and multi-layer vibration isolating system. At the same time, the influence between changes of structure parameters to the power flow was discussed systematically, which provided valuable reference for optimizing the system.
1、采用ANSYS有限元结构动力分析程序,建立了干式变压器结构动力分析模型,对其铁心、机体以及底部支撑槽钢的固有频率特征、振动模态表现进行了计算分析。确定了变压器运行时易产生谐振的卓越频率范围在75-525Hz以内。
2、对城居区典型楼区的干式变压器环境振动进行现场监测,对其实施隔振措施前、后机身与基座处地面上的加速度信号进行了实测,对振动隔离效果进行了评价,对环境振动信号的频域特征进行了分析。
3、考虑变压器机身的非刚性,采用ANSYS有限元结构分析程序对变压器常规的单层隔振系统进行动力分析,分别讨论了各系统参数对隔振效果的影响,为隔振系统参数的调整与设计优化奠定基础。
4、考虑地基的柔性,建立了多点支撑的“板-梁-质量”多层隔振系统模型,依据戴维宁等效方法,推导出传递至基础的系统功率流方程,并采用MATLAB编程数值分析,得出该多层隔振系统比常规单层隔振或双层隔振体系更优良。并对系统设计参数改变对传入地基的功率能量流的影响进行了研究分析,为更为完善的隔振系统设计与优化提供有益参考。
Along with the urban planning and land limited, power distribution facilities will be more and more sited inside the office or dweller building area of cities. Follow, electrical equipment operating such as transformers within distribution room can produce pollution of the environmental noise, meanwhile, the body will produce the vibration and it will be spread out through the machine bases and other structure members. It will not only inspire vibration environment pollution, but also can induce structural noise. Obviously, it has a positive meaning for the research on the producing mechanism, the propagation, or the design and controlling of isolation to the environment vibration caused by transformers in residential districts. The vibration mechanism and the propagation law of dry-type transformers were studied in this paper based on the project to "The Research of Governance on The Structural Sound Transmission Caused by Transformers and Distribution Structure for a Municipality". After that, a systemic analysis was carried out on the design and optimization of isolation systems. The main contents of this paper are described as follows:
1. In this paper, a dynamic analysis model was built up with a combination of finite element method and software ANSYS. The natural frequencies and mode shapes were got after the modal analysis on the transformer core, the bottom supported channel steel and the whole structure. It was found that the transformer core and the whole structure would resonate at75-525Hz.
2. After the field testing of the ambient vibration of both transformers with isolators or not in residential districts, the acceleration signal delivered to the body and the floor were got. And then the effect of vibration isolation was evaluated. Fast Fourier transform was applied to the signal in order to detect its frequency domain characteristics.
3. Based on the non-rigid of transformers, ANSYS was used to carry on a dynamic analysis on the single-layer vibration isolating system. And the influence on isolation effect by the change of the structure parameters was discussed, which laid a foundation for optimizing the system.
4. Considering the flexible of the foundation, a special multi-layer vibration isolation system of "Plate-Beam-Mass" was established on the paper. The power flow transfer equation was derived by the "Thevenin equivalent method". After the comparison of effects of isolating systems using numerical method of MATLAB, it was concluded that the "Plate-Beam-Mass" vibration isolating system showed a better performance than single-layer vibration isolating system and multi-layer vibration isolating system. At the same time, the influence between changes of structure parameters to the power flow was discussed systematically, which provided valuable reference for optimizing the system.
引文
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[27]Garcia B.,Burgos J.C.,Alonso A.M.. Transformer Tank Vibration Modling as a Metho-d of Detecting Winding Deformations—Part Ⅰ: Experimental Verification. IEEE T-rans.Power Del.,2006,21(1):157-63.
[28]Garcia B.,Burgos J.C.,Alonso A.M.. Transformer Tank Vibration Modling as a Metho-d of Detecting Winding Deformations—Part Ⅱ: Experimental Verification. IEEE T-rans.Power Del.,2006,21(1):164-69.
[29]朱光伟,张彼德.电力变压器振动监测研究现状与发展方向.变压器.2009,46(2)：23-24.
[30]王庆龙.电力变压器振动监测方法研究.西华大学硕士学位论文.2006：58-65.
[31]马宏彬,何金良,陈青恒.500Kv单相电力变压器的振动和噪声波形分析.高电压技术,2008,34(8)：9951,0061-4061.
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[33]邓珺,杨向宇,龙巍.变压器的降噪技术.变压器,2009,46(3)：34-36.
[34]Ellingson EF. Transformer noise abatement using tuned sound enclosure panels.T ransmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition,IEEE/PES,1979:184-19 1.
[35]Shigeyasu K.Kazunobu K.Vibration suppression control of transformer core using H∞control industrial electronics,control,and instrumentation.Proceedings of the 1995 IEEE IECON 21st International Conference on Volume 2,6-10,Nov.1995, 2:902-907.
[36]黄昊,林云志.试论大型电力变压器的技术革新.某市电力高等专科学校学报,2009,14(4)：32-34.
[37]虞兴邦,姜在秀,韩涛.非晶合金铁芯组合式变压器噪声的降低.噪声和振动控制,,2001,45(2).
[38]顺特电气有限公司.树脂浇注干式变压器和电抗器,北京：中国电力出版社,2005：81-128.
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[2]周贤土.干式变压器的发展动态.变压器.2004,41(3)：36-41.
[3]李佐荣.谈噪声的危害及控制的方式与途径.安徽农学通报.2008，14：127-129.
[4]嵇正毓,张华,杨于生等.用空气弹簧降低变压器结构噪声的工程实践.污染防治技术.2011,24(1)：61-64.
[5]王勇,嵇正毓.变压器噪声对居民室内噪声影响分析和控制.环境监控与预警.2009,1(2)：44-45.
[6]Power Appar.&Syst. Bibliography on transformer noise. IEEE Trans.1968,87(2):37 2-387.
[7]顾晓安,沈荣瀛,徐基泰.国外变压器噪声研究的动向.变压器,2002,39(6)：33-38.
[8]董志刚.变压器的噪声.变压器,1995.32(10)：32-35；(11)：27-37；(12)：37-41；1996,33(1)：37-40；(2)：30-33；(3)：30-34.
[9]谭闻,张小武.电力变压器噪声研究与控制.高压电器,2009,45(2)：70-72.
[10]Mizokami M.,Yabumoto M.Vibration analysis of a 3-phase model transformer co re.Electrical Engineering in Japan,1997,119(1):1-7.
[11]Weiser B, Pfutzner H.Relevance of magnetostatic forces for transformer core vib rations.Journal De Physique,1998,8(2):591-594.
[12]Reyne G,Coulomb J L.A survey of the main aspects of magnetic forces and me chanical behaviour Of fefro-magnetic materials under magnetisation.IEEE Trans, M agn.1987,23(5):3765-3767.
[13]宛德福,磁性理论及其应用.武汉：华中理工大学出版社,1996：148-163.
[14]王志敏,顾文业,顾晓安.大型电力变压器铁芯电磁振动数学模型.变压器,2004,41(6)：1-5.
[15]余涛,唐国保,徐承业,等.干式电力变压器技术与应用.北京：中国电力出版社,2008：19-53.
[16]陈秋,李振海.变电站噪声防治方案研究.电力环境保护,2006,22(3)：49-51.
[17]于香英,王惠荣.变电站的噪声影响与治理.天津电力技术,2007,(1)：31-33.
[18]王和忠,季小龙,朱如勇等.电力变压器噪声污染分析及对策能源与环境,2008,(2)：88-90.
[19]尤好,陈宝志.大型电力变压器的噪声分析与控制.变压器,2007,44(6)：23-26.
[20]李冰,胡国清.降低变压器噪声的措施初探.变压器,,2004,,41(8)：40-42.
[21]Ravish S.M.,Wim D.,Ward H..On the influence of core laminations upon power transformer noise.VIBRO-ACOUSTIC MODELLING AND PREDICTION,2004:3 851-61.
[22]王路阳.树脂绝缘干式变压器的噪声分析和降低方法.变压器,1999,36(8)：19-23.
[23]钟星明.干式变压器的振动和噪声研究.华南理工大学硕士学位论文.2010：7-9.
[24]谢坡岸,饶柱石,朱子述.大型变压器绕组有限元建模与分析.振动与冲击,2006,25(2)：134-137.
[25]邵宇鹰.大型变压器绕组振动特性理论和试验研究.上海：上海交通大学,2006.
[26]汲胜昌,王俊德,李彦明.稳态条件下变压器绕组轴向振动特性研究.电工电能新技术,,2006,,25(1)：35-38,48.
[27]Garcia B.,Burgos J.C.,Alonso A.M.. Transformer Tank Vibration Modling as a Metho-d of Detecting Winding Deformations—Part Ⅰ: Experimental Verification. IEEE T-rans.Power Del.,2006,21(1):157-63.
[28]Garcia B.,Burgos J.C.,Alonso A.M.. Transformer Tank Vibration Modling as a Metho-d of Detecting Winding Deformations—Part Ⅱ: Experimental Verification. IEEE T-rans.Power Del.,2006,21(1):164-69.
[29]朱光伟,张彼德.电力变压器振动监测研究现状与发展方向.变压器.2009,46(2)：23-24.
[30]王庆龙.电力变压器振动监测方法研究.西华大学硕士学位论文.2006：58-65.
[31]马宏彬,何金良,陈青恒.500Kv单相电力变压器的振动和噪声波形分析.高电压技术,2008,34(8)：9951,0061-4061.
[32]B.Gareia, J.C.Burgos, A.M.Alonso.Winding deformations detection in Power trans formers by tank vibrations monitoring[J].Electric Power Systems Research, 2005, 74(1):129-138.
[33]邓珺,杨向宇,龙巍.变压器的降噪技术.变压器,2009,46(3)：34-36.
[34]Ellingson EF. Transformer noise abatement using tuned sound enclosure panels.T ransmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition,IEEE/PES,1979:184-19 1.
[35]Shigeyasu K.Kazunobu K.Vibration suppression control of transformer core using H∞control industrial electronics,control,and instrumentation.Proceedings of the 1995 IEEE IECON 21st International Conference on Volume 2,6-10,Nov.1995, 2:902-907.
[36]黄昊,林云志.试论大型电力变压器的技术革新.某市电力高等专科学校学报,2009,14(4)：32-34.
[37]虞兴邦,姜在秀,韩涛.非晶合金铁芯组合式变压器噪声的降低.噪声和振动控制,,2001,45(2).
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