LTE-Advanced系统中若干关键技术的研究
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摘要
现代信息社会中,人们对宽带移动通信系统的数据需求量日益增长。为此,未来宽带移动通信系统必须提供更高的传输速率和更优的服务质量。目前,第四代移动通信系统正处于研制和完善阶段,为进一步提高系统容量、小区边缘用户吞吐量以及改善用户的移动性能,有必要探究更高效的物理层技术和媒体接入层技术。
LTE-Advanced系统是目前国际上公认的第四代移动通信(即4G)系统。该系统物理层采用了MIMO-OFDM技术,其中的链路自适应、有限反馈、3D MIMO等技术对基于MIMO-OFDM技术的宽带移动通信系统的性能起着至关重要的作用。深入探究这些物理层重要技术,对提高系统频谱利用率,改善小区边缘用户性能有着重要意义。另外,为进一步提高用户端的吞吐量,LTE-Advanced系统引入了异构网络技术。相比传统的同构网络,在异构网络中,用户端受到了更加严重的同频干扰,导致了其移动性能恶化。研究媒体接入层中的切换技术以改善异构网络中用户端的移动性能,对于未来移动通信系统提供更高的传输速率和更优的服务质量,有着重要作用。本论文重点研究了几个方面的技术：增强型链路自适应、单用户MIMO与多用户MIMO传输动态转化、3D MIMO传输方案和用户端反馈策略、异构网络中用户端移动性能的改善策略。本论文的创新点如下：
1)闭环MIMO系统存在动态小区间干扰问题,已有主流解决方案是外环链路自适应技术(OLLA)。这种算法只能从长期统计特性上,减少小区间动态干扰带来的链路不匹配。多基站协作通信技术的提出,为解决闭环MIMO中小区间动态干扰带来的链路不匹配问题,提供了可能。论文的第二章提出了一种基于联合干扰预测的增强型链路自适应算法。这种算法利用协作基站间共享的用户反馈的信道信息,对存在的动态干扰进行联合预测,并据此实时调整基站端发送数据的调制编码方案,从而可以从瞬时特性上,克服由动态干扰变化引起的链路不匹配问题。通过对动态变化的小区间干扰进行联合预测,基站端在传输数据时可以选择更加合适的调制编码方案,从而系统频谱利用率可以得到显著提高。这种算法基于多基站协作技术,并没有引入多余的系统开销。
2) LTE-Advanced系统中,闭环MIMO支持多用户MIMO传输技术。在多用户MIMO传输技术中,多个用户共享时频资源,可以大大提高系统频谱利用率。然而用户在反馈自身的链路信息时,只能使得单用户传输性能最优。当基站端进行多用户传输时,利用这种链路信息,可能导致用户反馈的链路信息与基站端所需的链路信息不匹配,从而导致基站端执行多用户传输的系统性能下降。论文的第三章提出了一种新颖的反馈策略,以提高基站端进行单用户和多用户传输动态转换的系统性能。在这种策略中,基站端根据用户的反馈信息,发送信令指示用户端反馈多用户或者单用户传输链路最佳的信道信息。当进行多用户传输时,基站端可以从用户端反馈的多用户链路最优的信道信息中提取当前信道矩阵的主特征向量,从而可以提高多用户传输的系统性能。同时,通过信令指示,单用户传输的性能也没有受到损失。
3)前两个研究点是基于二维(2D)MIMO技术。为了进一步提高系统频谱利用率,探究了一种可用于LTE-Advanced系统的新颖的MIMO技术—三维(3D) MIMO。3D MIMO技术进一步利用了信号传输的空间特性,为基站端提供了另一个空间自由度来传输信号和消除干扰。相比2D MIMO系统,在3D MIMO系统中,基站端可以同时利用水平空间和垂直空间,发送更加准确的空间波束给用户。然而,3D MIMO技术现今处于研究的起始阶段,在LTE-Advanced系统中,其有限反馈策略和基站端发送策略尚未确定。论文的第四章提出了两种策略,分别为基于基站端补偿垂直增益和基于用户端补偿垂直增益的有限反馈策略和基站端发送策略。两种策略均采用了LTE-Advanced系统Release10中的2D码本来量化传输波在垂直空间的相位。在这两种策略中,基站端采用了不同的CSI-RS资源配置,3DSINR可以分别在基站端和用户端估算。这两种策略实现过程迥异,各有其优缺点,相比LTE-Advanced系统中的参考策略,均可以显著提高系统频谱利用率。
4)为进一步提高用户端的吞吐量,LTE-Advanced系统引入了异构网络技术。相比传统的同构网络,异构网络中用户端受到的同频干扰更加严重,导致了其移动性能恶化。为此,论文的第五章深入分析了用户端移动性能恶化的原因,并提出了两种有效的解决方案,以改善用户端的移动性能。处于异构网络中的用户,在移动过程中,接收到的微小区信号功率和宏小区信号功率变化速度不一致。针对此特性,提出了一种切换小区优化的策略,这种策略能从长期统计特性上,提高用户的移动鲁棒性。另外,为了进一步提高用户端的移动鲁棒性,从另外一个角度分析了移动性能恶化原因,提出了一种基于无线链路质量的切换策略。这种策略可以使用户端更加敏感地触发切换,降低无线链路连接失败率和切换失败率。这两种策略基于两种不同角度,可以相互补充,共同提高用户端的移动鲁棒性。论文对第四代移动通信系统-LTE-Advanced系统的链路自适应技术、多用户MIMO传输技术、3D MIMO技术、异构网络中用户端移动性能进行了深入的探讨和研究,并提出了相应的算法和策略,有效地提高了系统平均频谱利用率和小区边缘用户吞吐量,改善了异构网络中用户端的移动性能。
With the ever-increasing data demand for mobile radio communication services, the next generation wireless communication systems (i.e.4G) are expected to provide higher date and better quality of service. Recently, the next generation wireless communication systems are under discussing. It is necessary to investigate some new techniques to further improve the average spectral efficiency and cell-edge spectral efficiency, and improve the robustness of the mobility performance.
The LTE-Advanced system is consistently considered as the forth generation wireless communication systems. It is known that the MIMO-OFDM technology is adopted in LTE-Advanced system. And the key technologies include the link adaptation, limited feedback, and3D MTMO technology, which highly affect the system throughput. It deserves much effort to dig the key thechnologies deeply to improve the system average spectral efficiency further and the UE's throughput in cell edge coverage. Besides, the HetNets are dicussed in LTE-Advanced system and it is deemed as a promising and effective solution to further improve the system capacity. However, compared with the traditional homogeneous networks, UE will suffer more serious co-channel interference in HetNets, and thus, the mobility performance of UE will be deteriorated. In order to enhance the mobility robustness of UE, it is necessary to investigate some new techonologies. The rearch iterms in this paper include:enhanced link adaptation, SU/MU MIMO transmission,3D MIMO, and mobility enhancement in HetNets. The novelties in this paper are as follows.
1) It is known that the dynamically changed inter-cell interference is exsited in closed-loop MIMO based wireless systems. The standard method to solve this issue is OLLA. However, the OLLA technology can only reduce the CSI mismatch from the long term statistic point of view. In this paper, an enhanced link adaptation scheme based on cooperative interference prediction is proposed to reduce the CSI mismatch issue. In this scheme, it utilizes the CSIs which can be shared within the cluster to predict the dynamically changed ICI and then adjust the SE at the BS side. With the dynamic ICI prediction, more proper MCS can be chosen and thus the accuracy of link adaptation can be improved. What's worth noting that, based on joint scheduler, the overhead in the air interface doesn't increase in the proposed scheme.
2) Because multiple users can share time and frequency resources simultaneously, the system throughput can be improved significantly when performing MU MIMO transmission, compared with SU MIMO transmission. However, the MS cannot be aware of the MU transmission candidates at the BS side. Thus, the MS only optimizes its own link when performing link adaptation. When BS performs the MU transmission, this CSI may be mismatched and then the system capacity could reduce. In this paper, we propose one novel CSI feedback method, which could improve the system throughput when the BS dynamically performs the SU/MU switching. In this scheme, BS can indicate the MS feeds back the SU-MIMO optimized or MU-MIMO optimized CSI. When the MU-MIMO optimized CSI is fed back, the high rank layer CSI can always contain the principle eigen vector of the fading chanel. Besides, the higher rank layer CSI can capture the inter-layer interference automatically. Due to instruction of the BS signaling, the performance of the SU-MIMO transmission is not compromised either.
3) The3D MIMO technology has been attracted many attentions and is considered as a key technology to improve the spectral efficiency for the MIMO based wireless communication systems. Compared with the existed2D MIMO technology, in the3D MIMO based wireless system, the BS can exploit both the horizontal and vertical space to transmit signal and eliminate the inter-cell interference. However, the3D MIMO technology is still under discussing. In this paper, as a pioneer, we propose two schemes to support the3D MIMO transmission. The two schemes are based on the vertical beamforming gains compensated at BS side and MS side, respectively. In the two schemes, the CSI-RS ports are configured differently and thus different reference signals can be measured by MS. The two schemes can be implemented in LTE-Advanced system both. We give their pros and cons detailedly. Compared with the reference scheme in LTE-Advanced system, the system average SE and cell-edge SE can be improved significantly using the proposed schemes.
4) It is difficult for the convertional homogeneous networks to meet the rapidly-expanding data demand for the wireless communication systems. One effective and cost-efficency method to increase the system capacity is to deploy the LPNs, which is named as HetNets. However, UE will suffer more serious interference in HetNets compared with it is in homogenous networks and the mobility performance will be deteriorated. In this paper, we propose two schemes to enhance the mobility performance for HetNets, which are based on the dynamically changed RSRP from pico cell and radio link quality, repectively. Importantly, the two schemes are complimant rather than contradict, and can be implemented together to further enhance the mobility performance.
In this paper, for MIMO-OFDM bases LTE-Advanced system, we investigate and deeply dig four key technologies, that are link adaptation, SU-MIMO/MU-MIMO dynamical switching,3D MIMO, and mobility enhancements in HetNets. Based on the analysis, we propose some schemes and solutions accordingly. Accroding to the system level simulation, using the proposed schemes, it is shown that the system average spectral efficiency and UE's throughput in cell edge coverage can be improved largely, and the mobility robustness of UE can be enhanced significantly.
LTE-Advanced系统是目前国际上公认的第四代移动通信(即4G)系统。该系统物理层采用了MIMO-OFDM技术,其中的链路自适应、有限反馈、3D MIMO等技术对基于MIMO-OFDM技术的宽带移动通信系统的性能起着至关重要的作用。深入探究这些物理层重要技术,对提高系统频谱利用率,改善小区边缘用户性能有着重要意义。另外,为进一步提高用户端的吞吐量,LTE-Advanced系统引入了异构网络技术。相比传统的同构网络,在异构网络中,用户端受到了更加严重的同频干扰,导致了其移动性能恶化。研究媒体接入层中的切换技术以改善异构网络中用户端的移动性能,对于未来移动通信系统提供更高的传输速率和更优的服务质量,有着重要作用。本论文重点研究了几个方面的技术：增强型链路自适应、单用户MIMO与多用户MIMO传输动态转化、3D MIMO传输方案和用户端反馈策略、异构网络中用户端移动性能的改善策略。本论文的创新点如下：
1)闭环MIMO系统存在动态小区间干扰问题,已有主流解决方案是外环链路自适应技术(OLLA)。这种算法只能从长期统计特性上,减少小区间动态干扰带来的链路不匹配。多基站协作通信技术的提出,为解决闭环MIMO中小区间动态干扰带来的链路不匹配问题,提供了可能。论文的第二章提出了一种基于联合干扰预测的增强型链路自适应算法。这种算法利用协作基站间共享的用户反馈的信道信息,对存在的动态干扰进行联合预测,并据此实时调整基站端发送数据的调制编码方案,从而可以从瞬时特性上,克服由动态干扰变化引起的链路不匹配问题。通过对动态变化的小区间干扰进行联合预测,基站端在传输数据时可以选择更加合适的调制编码方案,从而系统频谱利用率可以得到显著提高。这种算法基于多基站协作技术,并没有引入多余的系统开销。
2) LTE-Advanced系统中,闭环MIMO支持多用户MIMO传输技术。在多用户MIMO传输技术中,多个用户共享时频资源,可以大大提高系统频谱利用率。然而用户在反馈自身的链路信息时,只能使得单用户传输性能最优。当基站端进行多用户传输时,利用这种链路信息,可能导致用户反馈的链路信息与基站端所需的链路信息不匹配,从而导致基站端执行多用户传输的系统性能下降。论文的第三章提出了一种新颖的反馈策略,以提高基站端进行单用户和多用户传输动态转换的系统性能。在这种策略中,基站端根据用户的反馈信息,发送信令指示用户端反馈多用户或者单用户传输链路最佳的信道信息。当进行多用户传输时,基站端可以从用户端反馈的多用户链路最优的信道信息中提取当前信道矩阵的主特征向量,从而可以提高多用户传输的系统性能。同时,通过信令指示,单用户传输的性能也没有受到损失。
3)前两个研究点是基于二维(2D)MIMO技术。为了进一步提高系统频谱利用率,探究了一种可用于LTE-Advanced系统的新颖的MIMO技术—三维(3D) MIMO。3D MIMO技术进一步利用了信号传输的空间特性,为基站端提供了另一个空间自由度来传输信号和消除干扰。相比2D MIMO系统,在3D MIMO系统中,基站端可以同时利用水平空间和垂直空间,发送更加准确的空间波束给用户。然而,3D MIMO技术现今处于研究的起始阶段,在LTE-Advanced系统中,其有限反馈策略和基站端发送策略尚未确定。论文的第四章提出了两种策略,分别为基于基站端补偿垂直增益和基于用户端补偿垂直增益的有限反馈策略和基站端发送策略。两种策略均采用了LTE-Advanced系统Release10中的2D码本来量化传输波在垂直空间的相位。在这两种策略中,基站端采用了不同的CSI-RS资源配置,3DSINR可以分别在基站端和用户端估算。这两种策略实现过程迥异,各有其优缺点,相比LTE-Advanced系统中的参考策略,均可以显著提高系统频谱利用率。
4)为进一步提高用户端的吞吐量,LTE-Advanced系统引入了异构网络技术。相比传统的同构网络,异构网络中用户端受到的同频干扰更加严重,导致了其移动性能恶化。为此,论文的第五章深入分析了用户端移动性能恶化的原因,并提出了两种有效的解决方案,以改善用户端的移动性能。处于异构网络中的用户,在移动过程中,接收到的微小区信号功率和宏小区信号功率变化速度不一致。针对此特性,提出了一种切换小区优化的策略,这种策略能从长期统计特性上,提高用户的移动鲁棒性。另外,为了进一步提高用户端的移动鲁棒性,从另外一个角度分析了移动性能恶化原因,提出了一种基于无线链路质量的切换策略。这种策略可以使用户端更加敏感地触发切换,降低无线链路连接失败率和切换失败率。这两种策略基于两种不同角度,可以相互补充,共同提高用户端的移动鲁棒性。论文对第四代移动通信系统-LTE-Advanced系统的链路自适应技术、多用户MIMO传输技术、3D MIMO技术、异构网络中用户端移动性能进行了深入的探讨和研究,并提出了相应的算法和策略,有效地提高了系统平均频谱利用率和小区边缘用户吞吐量,改善了异构网络中用户端的移动性能。
With the ever-increasing data demand for mobile radio communication services, the next generation wireless communication systems (i.e.4G) are expected to provide higher date and better quality of service. Recently, the next generation wireless communication systems are under discussing. It is necessary to investigate some new techniques to further improve the average spectral efficiency and cell-edge spectral efficiency, and improve the robustness of the mobility performance.
The LTE-Advanced system is consistently considered as the forth generation wireless communication systems. It is known that the MIMO-OFDM technology is adopted in LTE-Advanced system. And the key technologies include the link adaptation, limited feedback, and3D MTMO technology, which highly affect the system throughput. It deserves much effort to dig the key thechnologies deeply to improve the system average spectral efficiency further and the UE's throughput in cell edge coverage. Besides, the HetNets are dicussed in LTE-Advanced system and it is deemed as a promising and effective solution to further improve the system capacity. However, compared with the traditional homogeneous networks, UE will suffer more serious co-channel interference in HetNets, and thus, the mobility performance of UE will be deteriorated. In order to enhance the mobility robustness of UE, it is necessary to investigate some new techonologies. The rearch iterms in this paper include:enhanced link adaptation, SU/MU MIMO transmission,3D MIMO, and mobility enhancement in HetNets. The novelties in this paper are as follows.
1) It is known that the dynamically changed inter-cell interference is exsited in closed-loop MIMO based wireless systems. The standard method to solve this issue is OLLA. However, the OLLA technology can only reduce the CSI mismatch from the long term statistic point of view. In this paper, an enhanced link adaptation scheme based on cooperative interference prediction is proposed to reduce the CSI mismatch issue. In this scheme, it utilizes the CSIs which can be shared within the cluster to predict the dynamically changed ICI and then adjust the SE at the BS side. With the dynamic ICI prediction, more proper MCS can be chosen and thus the accuracy of link adaptation can be improved. What's worth noting that, based on joint scheduler, the overhead in the air interface doesn't increase in the proposed scheme.
2) Because multiple users can share time and frequency resources simultaneously, the system throughput can be improved significantly when performing MU MIMO transmission, compared with SU MIMO transmission. However, the MS cannot be aware of the MU transmission candidates at the BS side. Thus, the MS only optimizes its own link when performing link adaptation. When BS performs the MU transmission, this CSI may be mismatched and then the system capacity could reduce. In this paper, we propose one novel CSI feedback method, which could improve the system throughput when the BS dynamically performs the SU/MU switching. In this scheme, BS can indicate the MS feeds back the SU-MIMO optimized or MU-MIMO optimized CSI. When the MU-MIMO optimized CSI is fed back, the high rank layer CSI can always contain the principle eigen vector of the fading chanel. Besides, the higher rank layer CSI can capture the inter-layer interference automatically. Due to instruction of the BS signaling, the performance of the SU-MIMO transmission is not compromised either.
3) The3D MIMO technology has been attracted many attentions and is considered as a key technology to improve the spectral efficiency for the MIMO based wireless communication systems. Compared with the existed2D MIMO technology, in the3D MIMO based wireless system, the BS can exploit both the horizontal and vertical space to transmit signal and eliminate the inter-cell interference. However, the3D MIMO technology is still under discussing. In this paper, as a pioneer, we propose two schemes to support the3D MIMO transmission. The two schemes are based on the vertical beamforming gains compensated at BS side and MS side, respectively. In the two schemes, the CSI-RS ports are configured differently and thus different reference signals can be measured by MS. The two schemes can be implemented in LTE-Advanced system both. We give their pros and cons detailedly. Compared with the reference scheme in LTE-Advanced system, the system average SE and cell-edge SE can be improved significantly using the proposed schemes.
4) It is difficult for the convertional homogeneous networks to meet the rapidly-expanding data demand for the wireless communication systems. One effective and cost-efficency method to increase the system capacity is to deploy the LPNs, which is named as HetNets. However, UE will suffer more serious interference in HetNets compared with it is in homogenous networks and the mobility performance will be deteriorated. In this paper, we propose two schemes to enhance the mobility performance for HetNets, which are based on the dynamically changed RSRP from pico cell and radio link quality, repectively. Importantly, the two schemes are complimant rather than contradict, and can be implemented together to further enhance the mobility performance.
In this paper, for MIMO-OFDM bases LTE-Advanced system, we investigate and deeply dig four key technologies, that are link adaptation, SU-MIMO/MU-MIMO dynamical switching,3D MIMO, and mobility enhancements in HetNets. Based on the analysis, we propose some schemes and solutions accordingly. Accroding to the system level simulation, using the proposed schemes, it is shown that the system average spectral efficiency and UE's throughput in cell edge coverage can be improved largely, and the mobility robustness of UE can be enhanced significantly.
引文
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