甜高粱茎秆固态发酵酒精及饲料的研究
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摘要
甜高粱(Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench)茎秆富含可溶性糖份,是生产燃料乙醇和饲料的理想作物,本文研究了甜高粱茎秆的贮藏,固态气提发酵乙醇的工艺条件,并进行了生产工程实验,最后研究了甜高粱茎秆固态发酵生产蛋白饲料,为甜高粱茎秆工业化生产奠定了基础。
首先,探索了甜高粱茎秆的自然贮藏条件。通过对北京和内蒙古两地不同气候条件下自然干燥贮藏的甜高粱茎秆物性变化及含糖量变化差异进行监测和研究,分析环境温度和湿度对甜高粱茎秆自然贮藏的影响,确定了在内蒙古低于10℃、干燥的气候条件下,自然贮藏的甜高粱茎秆能够满足固态发酵生产乙醇和饲料全年生产的要求,总糖为58%(g/g干基)的甜高粱茎秆在内蒙古自然贮藏8个月后损失仅11.7%。
其次,研究了甜高粱茎秆固态气提发酵生产乙醇。确定了将切碎至2cm左右的甜高粱茎秆揉碎至0.15cm厚的颗粒物料对发酵和气提具有较好的效果,发酵时间为28h,10h后开始气提,在35℃下气提效率为77.5%,随着温度的升高,气提效率不断增加,在75℃时,气提效率达到96.4%。
然后,研究了甜高粱茎秆连续固态发酵耦合热泵气提分离生产工程实验。通过热泵与发酵分离的耦合,实现了节能降耗,提高了气提效率和对发酵塔内的温度控制。批次发酵(22kg甜高粱干基)获得乙醇溶液总计:30.13 L,最高浓度为25%,平均浓度10.8%,即为:2.88L纯乙醇,气提发酵周期为40h,乙醇产率为19.89%,气提效率提高至85.1%,照这样计算,生产1t酒精需要5.2t的甜高粱秸秆干料。
最后,研究了甜高粱茎秆二次固态发酵生产蛋白饲料。进行一系列的单因素试验,确定了甜高粱秆固态发酵蛋白饲料的最佳条件为:以假丝酵母进行第一次发酵,添加1.5%(g/g干基)硫酸铵,接种率为5%(V/V),含水量为65%,自然pH值,32℃好氧发酵22h,然后接入鼠李糖乳杆菌进行第二次发酵,接种率为10%(V/V),含水量为70%,pH6.0,40℃厌氧发酵58h,获得了含有高营养价值的乳酸菌蛋白饲料,粗蛋白含量达到36%。
Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench. L.) stalk was an ideal crop for ethanol production because of abundant soluble sugars and lignocelluloses. Research on production of ethanol from sweet sorghum stalk in SSF was done in this experiment, and the storage of sweet sorghum, fermentation conditions and production engineering were studied. Finally, SSF of chopped sweet sorghum particles to produce protein feed was studied. The paper provided some proves for industrialized production of Sweet Sorghum stalk.
Firstly, the storage conditions of sweet sorghum stalk was studied. The different variations of character and sugar content of sweet sorghum stalk in different natural storage condition of Beijing and Inner Mongolia was studied. Ambient temperature and humidity have a great impact on the storage of sweet sorghum stalk. The original total sugar of sweet sorghum stalk was about 58% (g / g dry sweet sorghum stalk). 11.7% (g / g dry sweet sorghum stalk)of the total sugar was lost in the cold, dry Sonid Right Banner, Inner Mongolia in 8 months. So taking full advantage of natural conditions in Inner Mongolia, can make sweet sorghum stalk meet a industrial production demand of 300 days per year.
Secondly, the optimal ethanol fermentation conditions in GSF were studied. About 2cm long, 0.15cm thick particle size has good results for fermentation and gas stripping. The fermentation time was 28 hours. Gas stripping was begun for the first time after fermentation 10h and 77.5% ethanol was obtained after gas stripping in 35℃. With the increase of temperature, the gas stripping efficiency was gradually increasing. 96.4% ethanol was obtained after gas stripping in 75℃.
Thirdly, the production experiment was studied by GSF coupled with the heat pump. The efficiency of gas stripping was improved and the fermentation temperature was controlled through the heat pump. It has the advantage of saving energy and reducing consumption. 30.13 L ethanol solution was obtained by batch fermentation from 22kg dry basis of the sweet sorghum. The maximum concentration and average concentration were 25% and 10.8%. The GSF period was 40 hours. The ethanol yield and productivity were 19.89% g/g dry sweet sorghum stalk on average. In this way, It ethanol could be produced from 5.2t dry sweet sorghum.85.1% ethanol was obtained after gas-stripping.
Finally, two-stage SSF of chopped sweet sorghum particles to produce protein feed was studied statically using Candida tropicalis and lactobacillus rhamnosus. The influence of various process parameters on the protein feed yield was investigated. Optimal values of parameters for the primary fermentation of Candida tropicalis were as following: ammonia sulfate 1.5%(g/g dry sweet sorghum stalk), moisture content 65%(g water /100 g wet sorghum), fermentation temperature 32℃, fermentation time 22h and inoculation rate 5% (V/V) ; Optimal values of parameters for the secondly fermentation of lactobacillus rhamnosus were as following: moisture content 70%(g water /100 g wet sorghum), fermentation temperature 40℃, inoculation time 22h, fermentation time 58h, pH6.0 and inoculation rate 10% (V/V) . Protein feed contained lactic acid bacteria of high nutritional value was produced in the production process. The bacteria protein feed with the crude protein content 36% ( g/g dry basic) can be directly used as feed.
首先,探索了甜高粱茎秆的自然贮藏条件。通过对北京和内蒙古两地不同气候条件下自然干燥贮藏的甜高粱茎秆物性变化及含糖量变化差异进行监测和研究,分析环境温度和湿度对甜高粱茎秆自然贮藏的影响,确定了在内蒙古低于10℃、干燥的气候条件下,自然贮藏的甜高粱茎秆能够满足固态发酵生产乙醇和饲料全年生产的要求,总糖为58%(g/g干基)的甜高粱茎秆在内蒙古自然贮藏8个月后损失仅11.7%。
其次,研究了甜高粱茎秆固态气提发酵生产乙醇。确定了将切碎至2cm左右的甜高粱茎秆揉碎至0.15cm厚的颗粒物料对发酵和气提具有较好的效果,发酵时间为28h,10h后开始气提,在35℃下气提效率为77.5%,随着温度的升高,气提效率不断增加,在75℃时,气提效率达到96.4%。
然后,研究了甜高粱茎秆连续固态发酵耦合热泵气提分离生产工程实验。通过热泵与发酵分离的耦合,实现了节能降耗,提高了气提效率和对发酵塔内的温度控制。批次发酵(22kg甜高粱干基)获得乙醇溶液总计:30.13 L,最高浓度为25%,平均浓度10.8%,即为:2.88L纯乙醇,气提发酵周期为40h,乙醇产率为19.89%,气提效率提高至85.1%,照这样计算,生产1t酒精需要5.2t的甜高粱秸秆干料。
最后,研究了甜高粱茎秆二次固态发酵生产蛋白饲料。进行一系列的单因素试验,确定了甜高粱秆固态发酵蛋白饲料的最佳条件为:以假丝酵母进行第一次发酵,添加1.5%(g/g干基)硫酸铵,接种率为5%(V/V),含水量为65%,自然pH值,32℃好氧发酵22h,然后接入鼠李糖乳杆菌进行第二次发酵,接种率为10%(V/V),含水量为70%,pH6.0,40℃厌氧发酵58h,获得了含有高营养价值的乳酸菌蛋白饲料,粗蛋白含量达到36%。
Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench. L.) stalk was an ideal crop for ethanol production because of abundant soluble sugars and lignocelluloses. Research on production of ethanol from sweet sorghum stalk in SSF was done in this experiment, and the storage of sweet sorghum, fermentation conditions and production engineering were studied. Finally, SSF of chopped sweet sorghum particles to produce protein feed was studied. The paper provided some proves for industrialized production of Sweet Sorghum stalk.
Firstly, the storage conditions of sweet sorghum stalk was studied. The different variations of character and sugar content of sweet sorghum stalk in different natural storage condition of Beijing and Inner Mongolia was studied. Ambient temperature and humidity have a great impact on the storage of sweet sorghum stalk. The original total sugar of sweet sorghum stalk was about 58% (g / g dry sweet sorghum stalk). 11.7% (g / g dry sweet sorghum stalk)of the total sugar was lost in the cold, dry Sonid Right Banner, Inner Mongolia in 8 months. So taking full advantage of natural conditions in Inner Mongolia, can make sweet sorghum stalk meet a industrial production demand of 300 days per year.
Secondly, the optimal ethanol fermentation conditions in GSF were studied. About 2cm long, 0.15cm thick particle size has good results for fermentation and gas stripping. The fermentation time was 28 hours. Gas stripping was begun for the first time after fermentation 10h and 77.5% ethanol was obtained after gas stripping in 35℃. With the increase of temperature, the gas stripping efficiency was gradually increasing. 96.4% ethanol was obtained after gas stripping in 75℃.
Thirdly, the production experiment was studied by GSF coupled with the heat pump. The efficiency of gas stripping was improved and the fermentation temperature was controlled through the heat pump. It has the advantage of saving energy and reducing consumption. 30.13 L ethanol solution was obtained by batch fermentation from 22kg dry basis of the sweet sorghum. The maximum concentration and average concentration were 25% and 10.8%. The GSF period was 40 hours. The ethanol yield and productivity were 19.89% g/g dry sweet sorghum stalk on average. In this way, It ethanol could be produced from 5.2t dry sweet sorghum.85.1% ethanol was obtained after gas-stripping.
Finally, two-stage SSF of chopped sweet sorghum particles to produce protein feed was studied statically using Candida tropicalis and lactobacillus rhamnosus. The influence of various process parameters on the protein feed yield was investigated. Optimal values of parameters for the primary fermentation of Candida tropicalis were as following: ammonia sulfate 1.5%(g/g dry sweet sorghum stalk), moisture content 65%(g water /100 g wet sorghum), fermentation temperature 32℃, fermentation time 22h and inoculation rate 5% (V/V) ; Optimal values of parameters for the secondly fermentation of lactobacillus rhamnosus were as following: moisture content 70%(g water /100 g wet sorghum), fermentation temperature 40℃, inoculation time 22h, fermentation time 58h, pH6.0 and inoculation rate 10% (V/V) . Protein feed contained lactic acid bacteria of high nutritional value was produced in the production process. The bacteria protein feed with the crude protein content 36% ( g/g dry basic) can be directly used as feed.
引文
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