印染污泥干燥特性和干燥工艺的研究
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摘要
印染废水在排放前,必须采用物化和生物等手段使各项指标达到排放标准,在这个过程中产生大量印染污泥,其产生量与废水水质和废水处理工艺密切相关。随着印染行业的发展,印染污泥的产量也越来越大。印染污泥含水率高,处理难度大,印染污泥问题已经成为困扰印染企业的严重问题。污泥干燥一方面可使污泥显著减容,另一方面也为污泥的资源化利用打下基础,是解决印染污泥问题的有效途径。
本文在对两种典型印染污泥的基本性质进行分析的基础上,研究了印染污泥的静态干燥特性,绘制了两种印染污泥的干燥曲线和干燥速率曲线,结果表明,印染污泥干燥过程包括预热阶段、恒速干燥阶段和降速干燥阶段三个阶段,恒速干燥阶段是主要干燥阶段,干燥速率最高,蒸发水分最多。污泥干燥时间和干燥速率受到干燥温度、污泥颗粒大小以及污泥来源的影响。干燥温度越高、污泥颗粒越小,干燥至一定的含水率所需的干燥时间越短,恒速干燥阶段的干燥速率越高。污泥的临界含水率随温度升高、颗粒增大而增大,恒速干燥阶段变短。减小污泥颗粒、增大污泥表面积更有利于污泥干燥过程。
本文在确定印染污泥的干燥目标为含水率30%后,对印染污泥的干燥工艺进行了探索和研究。首先在连续进料、间歇进料、干料返混的操作方式下对桨叶式干燥机干燥印染污泥的干燥效果和能耗情况进行了试验和比较,发现桨叶式干燥机干燥印染污泥是可行的,水分蒸发速度最高可达12.5Kg/(m2?h),蒸发单位水分耗用蒸汽量1.4～1.5Kg/kgH2O。但连续进料和间歇进料的操作方式都存在一定的缺陷,而干料返混工艺在2.5:1(质量比)的混料比下,虽然可将污泥干燥至预期目标,但能耗较大。在此基础上,结合盘式干燥的优点,形成了印染污泥组合干燥工艺:即采用连续进料的方式,印染污泥首先按干湿污泥1:1(质量比)的混料比在桨叶式干燥机内混料并干燥,而后进入经改造的盘式干燥机,在锅炉烟道气的作用下,干燥至含水率为30%。实验研究表明:组合工艺运行稳定可靠,充分利用了蒸汽和锅炉烟道气两种热源,出泥含水率可保持在30%左右,并呈现2-8mm的污泥颗粒,降低了粉尘污染和干污泥收集难度,综合能耗成本约为164.1元/吨湿污泥,具有一定的推广应用价值。
Printing and dyeing wastewater must be treated by physical-chemical and biological method to satisfy the emission control regulations. In this process, much printing and dyeing sludge was produced. The output of printing and dyeing sludge has close correlation with water quality of printing and dyeing wastewater and its treatment technics. With the development of printing and dyeing industry, the output of printing and dyeing sludge become larger and larger. The moisture of printing and dyeing sludge is very high, so the treatment of printing and dyeing sludge is very difficult. Then the treatment of printing and dyeing sludge has become a problem which feaze printing and dyeing corporation. On the one hand, torrefaction can reduce the cubage of printing and dyeing sludge, on the other hand, it make good preparation for resourceful utilization of printing and dyeing sludge. So torrefaction is a effective method to solve the problem of printing and dyeing sludge.
Static drying characteristics of two kinds of typical printing and dyeing sludge were studied besed on the research of their physical and chemical characteristics. The drying curve and dying rate curve of two kinds of printing and dyeing sludge was made in this article. The results show that, printing and dyeing sludge drying process include three periods: preheating period, constant rate drying period and the falling rate drying period. Constant rate drying period is the primary period in the drying process, which has highest drying rate and largest evaporation amount. Drying tempreture and particle size and the sourece of printing and dyeing sludge have influence on drying time and drying rate. The higher the drying temperature and the smaller the particles of sludge, the shorter time be needed to dry to a certain moisture content and the higher drying rate in constant rate drying stage. With the drying tempreture increased and the size of sludge particle decreased, the critical moisture content of sludge increse, and constant rate drying period become shorter. Reducing the sludge particle size and increasing the surface area of sludge is more beneficial for sludge drying process.
In this article, the printing and dyeing sludge need to be dryed to moisture content of 30%. Then the drying technology of printing and dyeing sludge was explored and researched. First, the drying effect and energy consumption of drying by paddle-dryer were researched at different operation mode: the continuous feeding mode , the intermittent feeding mode and. Drying of printing and dyeing sludge by paddle-dryer is feasible, the evaporation rate of water can reach 12.5Kg/m2·h and the vapor consumption is 1.4～1.5Kg/KgH2O. But the continuous feeding operation mode and intermittent feeding operation mode both have some flaws. In dry sludge backmixing operation mode, when mixing ratio is 2.5:1(mass ration of dry sludge and wet sludge), printing and dyeing sludge can be dryed to the moisture content of 30%, but energy consumption is higher. On this basis, combining the advantages of plate-dryer, a combined drying technology of printing and dyeing sludge was formed: In continuous feeding operation mode, First ,the dry sludge(moisture content of 30%) and wet sludge(moisture content of 83%) were mixed at mixing ratio of 1:1 (mass ratio) and dryed in a Paddle-Dryer. Then the sludge which come from paddle-dryer was transported into a improved plate-dryer and be dryed to predetermind target(moisture content of 30%) by the boiler flue gas. Experiment results show that: combined drying technology is stable and reliable for drying of printing and dyeing sludge, and the heat of steam and boiler flue gas both were made full use of. The moisture content of discage of the conbined drying technology can maintain at 30%. The discahrge were sludge particles with diameter at 2-8mm. It can reduce dust pollution and the difficulty to collect dry sludge. The integrated energy cost of conbined drying technology is 164.1 yuan/t (wet sludge). The combined technology is very meaningful to be popularizated and applicated.
本文在对两种典型印染污泥的基本性质进行分析的基础上,研究了印染污泥的静态干燥特性,绘制了两种印染污泥的干燥曲线和干燥速率曲线,结果表明,印染污泥干燥过程包括预热阶段、恒速干燥阶段和降速干燥阶段三个阶段,恒速干燥阶段是主要干燥阶段,干燥速率最高,蒸发水分最多。污泥干燥时间和干燥速率受到干燥温度、污泥颗粒大小以及污泥来源的影响。干燥温度越高、污泥颗粒越小,干燥至一定的含水率所需的干燥时间越短,恒速干燥阶段的干燥速率越高。污泥的临界含水率随温度升高、颗粒增大而增大,恒速干燥阶段变短。减小污泥颗粒、增大污泥表面积更有利于污泥干燥过程。
本文在确定印染污泥的干燥目标为含水率30%后,对印染污泥的干燥工艺进行了探索和研究。首先在连续进料、间歇进料、干料返混的操作方式下对桨叶式干燥机干燥印染污泥的干燥效果和能耗情况进行了试验和比较,发现桨叶式干燥机干燥印染污泥是可行的,水分蒸发速度最高可达12.5Kg/(m2?h),蒸发单位水分耗用蒸汽量1.4～1.5Kg/kgH2O。但连续进料和间歇进料的操作方式都存在一定的缺陷,而干料返混工艺在2.5:1(质量比)的混料比下,虽然可将污泥干燥至预期目标,但能耗较大。在此基础上,结合盘式干燥的优点,形成了印染污泥组合干燥工艺:即采用连续进料的方式,印染污泥首先按干湿污泥1:1(质量比)的混料比在桨叶式干燥机内混料并干燥,而后进入经改造的盘式干燥机,在锅炉烟道气的作用下,干燥至含水率为30%。实验研究表明:组合工艺运行稳定可靠,充分利用了蒸汽和锅炉烟道气两种热源,出泥含水率可保持在30%左右,并呈现2-8mm的污泥颗粒,降低了粉尘污染和干污泥收集难度,综合能耗成本约为164.1元/吨湿污泥,具有一定的推广应用价值。
Printing and dyeing wastewater must be treated by physical-chemical and biological method to satisfy the emission control regulations. In this process, much printing and dyeing sludge was produced. The output of printing and dyeing sludge has close correlation with water quality of printing and dyeing wastewater and its treatment technics. With the development of printing and dyeing industry, the output of printing and dyeing sludge become larger and larger. The moisture of printing and dyeing sludge is very high, so the treatment of printing and dyeing sludge is very difficult. Then the treatment of printing and dyeing sludge has become a problem which feaze printing and dyeing corporation. On the one hand, torrefaction can reduce the cubage of printing and dyeing sludge, on the other hand, it make good preparation for resourceful utilization of printing and dyeing sludge. So torrefaction is a effective method to solve the problem of printing and dyeing sludge.
Static drying characteristics of two kinds of typical printing and dyeing sludge were studied besed on the research of their physical and chemical characteristics. The drying curve and dying rate curve of two kinds of printing and dyeing sludge was made in this article. The results show that, printing and dyeing sludge drying process include three periods: preheating period, constant rate drying period and the falling rate drying period. Constant rate drying period is the primary period in the drying process, which has highest drying rate and largest evaporation amount. Drying tempreture and particle size and the sourece of printing and dyeing sludge have influence on drying time and drying rate. The higher the drying temperature and the smaller the particles of sludge, the shorter time be needed to dry to a certain moisture content and the higher drying rate in constant rate drying stage. With the drying tempreture increased and the size of sludge particle decreased, the critical moisture content of sludge increse, and constant rate drying period become shorter. Reducing the sludge particle size and increasing the surface area of sludge is more beneficial for sludge drying process.
In this article, the printing and dyeing sludge need to be dryed to moisture content of 30%. Then the drying technology of printing and dyeing sludge was explored and researched. First, the drying effect and energy consumption of drying by paddle-dryer were researched at different operation mode: the continuous feeding mode , the intermittent feeding mode and. Drying of printing and dyeing sludge by paddle-dryer is feasible, the evaporation rate of water can reach 12.5Kg/m2·h and the vapor consumption is 1.4～1.5Kg/KgH2O. But the continuous feeding operation mode and intermittent feeding operation mode both have some flaws. In dry sludge backmixing operation mode, when mixing ratio is 2.5:1(mass ration of dry sludge and wet sludge), printing and dyeing sludge can be dryed to the moisture content of 30%, but energy consumption is higher. On this basis, combining the advantages of plate-dryer, a combined drying technology of printing and dyeing sludge was formed: In continuous feeding operation mode, First ,the dry sludge(moisture content of 30%) and wet sludge(moisture content of 83%) were mixed at mixing ratio of 1:1 (mass ratio) and dryed in a Paddle-Dryer. Then the sludge which come from paddle-dryer was transported into a improved plate-dryer and be dryed to predetermind target(moisture content of 30%) by the boiler flue gas. Experiment results show that: combined drying technology is stable and reliable for drying of printing and dyeing sludge, and the heat of steam and boiler flue gas both were made full use of. The moisture content of discage of the conbined drying technology can maintain at 30%. The discahrge were sludge particles with diameter at 2-8mm. It can reduce dust pollution and the difficulty to collect dry sludge. The integrated energy cost of conbined drying technology is 164.1 yuan/t (wet sludge). The combined technology is very meaningful to be popularizated and applicated.
引文
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