中亚干旱区MIS 3以来黄土地层中生物标志物和单烃碳同位素组成与古气候的响应
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摘要
中亚干旱区是三大气候系统(西风带、东亚季风和极地气团)交汇衔接的区域,具有敏感的气候响应,因此是全球气候变化研究的热点区域之一。对中亚干旱区古气候变化的研究将有助于加深对全球气候变化机制和过程的理解。然而,迄今为止,对中亚干旱区的气候记录的研究尚不完善,全新世的记录较多,但扩展到MIS3高分辨率序列研究很少,对MIS3以来的中亚干旱区气候变化过程的了解很不清晰。
为此,本文选取中亚干旱区哈萨克斯坦境内3个黄土-古土壤序列(VA、TR和RM)为研究对象,通过对沉积序列中生物标志物和单烃碳同位素组成指标,以及孢粉等常规指标,并结合AMS14C年代控制,重建中亚干旱区MIS3以来的气候环境变化历史。同时,讨论和验证了生物标志物和单烃碳同位素组成在黄土-古土壤序列中的气候响应关系和表现。本研究主要结论和认识如下：
(1)VA剖面气候重建：32-20ka BP,湿润；20-11ka BP,湿度有所上升；11-7ka BP,干旱；7-4ka BP,湿度增加；4ka BP以来,趋于干旱。
(2)TR和RM剖面气候重建：50-43ka BP,干旱；43-37ka BP,相对较湿；37-34ka BP,干旱；34-30ka BP,湿度略有增加；30-25ka BP,湿润；25-11kaBP,干旱；11-6ka BP,相对湿润；6kaBP以来,气候变干。
(3)对比中亚干旱区附近的重建记录结果表明,MIS3以来,中亚干旱区的气候状况主要受西风系统强度变化和区域气候系统影响,西风是其主要的水汽来源。早中全新世西风系统的增强促成了中亚干旱区气候相对湿润的表现。
(4)在中亚干旱区,区域蒸发量的大小对有效湿度表现的影响显著。在寒冷的末次冰盛期,低温导致的蒸发量下降使研究区出现区域性的湿度增加表现。
(5)黄土-古土壤序列沉积的正构烷烃组成分布特征可以有效指示有机质物源信息,并且特征单烃稳定碳同位素组成可以与湿度有很好的相关关系。单烃碳同位素组成偏负对应湿润时期,而偏正对应相对干旱时期。此外单烃碳同位素组成由于有机组分的来源确定,可以排除全有机碳同位素组成中混合来源的影响,因此具有更敏感和可靠的环境指示。
Arid Central Asia is one of the most sensitive area response to climate change because it is a converge area of three main climatic systems (westerlies, East Asia monsoon and polar airmass). Therefor, it should be helpful for understanding dynamic and process of global change via researching paleoclimate change in arid Central Asia. Whereas, studies based on paleoclimate records is still incomplete, most of which are in Holocene and few of which could reach MIS3although in a low resolution. The detail of climate change in arid Central Aisa is still unknown since MIS3.
This dissertation focuses on three loess-paleosoil sequences (VA, TR and RM) in Kazakhstan, which locate in the core area of arid Central Asia. Based on analysis of biomarker, compound specific carbon isotopic compositions, multi-proxies (including pollen, particle size, TOC, carbonate, magnetic susceptibility, strata) and reliable AMS14C dating results, a reconstruction of climate change history is built since MIS3. Meanwhile, features of biomarker and compound specific carbon isotopic compositions from loess-paleosoil sequences and their responses to climate change are discussed and verified. The main conclusions are as follows:
(1) Climate restruction of VA section (western):32-20ka BP, humid.20-11ka BP, humidity decreased.11-7ka BP, arid.7-4ka BP, humidity increased. After4ka BP, climate tended to arid.
(2) Climate restruction of TR and RM (easten):50-43ka BP, arid.43-37ka BP, mild humid.37-34ka BP, arid again.34-30ka BP, humidity increased.30-25ka BP, humid.25-11ka BP, arid.11-6ka BP, mild wet. After6ka BP, climate tended to arid.
(3) Comparing lots of records from arid Central Asia suggests the climatic condition was mainly controlled by westerlies system, which brought most moisture to research area since MIS3. In that case, humidity increased in early and middle Holocene followed stronger westerlies resulting from energy enrich (possible NAO positive phase).
(4) Local evaporation capability could affect effective humidity dramatically in arid Central Asia. During the cold Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), humid condition appeared in research area is caused of evaporation capability decreasing and precipitation increasing.
(5) Distribution characteristics of n-alkane, as one kind of common biomarker, could indicate sources of organic matters very well. The compound specific carbon isotopic compositions have a close relation with humidity, which is more negative when humidity increase. On contrast, it become more positive when humidity decrease. Besides, compound specific carbon isotopic compositions is more reliable as climatic indicator than δ13Corganic, which could biased in multi-source organic matter's mixture.
为此,本文选取中亚干旱区哈萨克斯坦境内3个黄土-古土壤序列(VA、TR和RM)为研究对象,通过对沉积序列中生物标志物和单烃碳同位素组成指标,以及孢粉等常规指标,并结合AMS14C年代控制,重建中亚干旱区MIS3以来的气候环境变化历史。同时,讨论和验证了生物标志物和单烃碳同位素组成在黄土-古土壤序列中的气候响应关系和表现。本研究主要结论和认识如下：
(1)VA剖面气候重建：32-20ka BP,湿润；20-11ka BP,湿度有所上升；11-7ka BP,干旱；7-4ka BP,湿度增加；4ka BP以来,趋于干旱。
(2)TR和RM剖面气候重建：50-43ka BP,干旱；43-37ka BP,相对较湿；37-34ka BP,干旱；34-30ka BP,湿度略有增加；30-25ka BP,湿润；25-11kaBP,干旱；11-6ka BP,相对湿润；6kaBP以来,气候变干。
(3)对比中亚干旱区附近的重建记录结果表明,MIS3以来,中亚干旱区的气候状况主要受西风系统强度变化和区域气候系统影响,西风是其主要的水汽来源。早中全新世西风系统的增强促成了中亚干旱区气候相对湿润的表现。
(4)在中亚干旱区,区域蒸发量的大小对有效湿度表现的影响显著。在寒冷的末次冰盛期,低温导致的蒸发量下降使研究区出现区域性的湿度增加表现。
(5)黄土-古土壤序列沉积的正构烷烃组成分布特征可以有效指示有机质物源信息,并且特征单烃稳定碳同位素组成可以与湿度有很好的相关关系。单烃碳同位素组成偏负对应湿润时期,而偏正对应相对干旱时期。此外单烃碳同位素组成由于有机组分的来源确定,可以排除全有机碳同位素组成中混合来源的影响,因此具有更敏感和可靠的环境指示。
Arid Central Asia is one of the most sensitive area response to climate change because it is a converge area of three main climatic systems (westerlies, East Asia monsoon and polar airmass). Therefor, it should be helpful for understanding dynamic and process of global change via researching paleoclimate change in arid Central Asia. Whereas, studies based on paleoclimate records is still incomplete, most of which are in Holocene and few of which could reach MIS3although in a low resolution. The detail of climate change in arid Central Aisa is still unknown since MIS3.
This dissertation focuses on three loess-paleosoil sequences (VA, TR and RM) in Kazakhstan, which locate in the core area of arid Central Asia. Based on analysis of biomarker, compound specific carbon isotopic compositions, multi-proxies (including pollen, particle size, TOC, carbonate, magnetic susceptibility, strata) and reliable AMS14C dating results, a reconstruction of climate change history is built since MIS3. Meanwhile, features of biomarker and compound specific carbon isotopic compositions from loess-paleosoil sequences and their responses to climate change are discussed and verified. The main conclusions are as follows:
(1) Climate restruction of VA section (western):32-20ka BP, humid.20-11ka BP, humidity decreased.11-7ka BP, arid.7-4ka BP, humidity increased. After4ka BP, climate tended to arid.
(2) Climate restruction of TR and RM (easten):50-43ka BP, arid.43-37ka BP, mild humid.37-34ka BP, arid again.34-30ka BP, humidity increased.30-25ka BP, humid.25-11ka BP, arid.11-6ka BP, mild wet. After6ka BP, climate tended to arid.
(3) Comparing lots of records from arid Central Asia suggests the climatic condition was mainly controlled by westerlies system, which brought most moisture to research area since MIS3. In that case, humidity increased in early and middle Holocene followed stronger westerlies resulting from energy enrich (possible NAO positive phase).
(4) Local evaporation capability could affect effective humidity dramatically in arid Central Asia. During the cold Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), humid condition appeared in research area is caused of evaporation capability decreasing and precipitation increasing.
(5) Distribution characteristics of n-alkane, as one kind of common biomarker, could indicate sources of organic matters very well. The compound specific carbon isotopic compositions have a close relation with humidity, which is more negative when humidity increase. On contrast, it become more positive when humidity decrease. Besides, compound specific carbon isotopic compositions is more reliable as climatic indicator than δ13Corganic, which could biased in multi-source organic matter's mixture.
引文
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