基于全光纤马赫—泽德尔干涉仪的温度传感器的研究
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摘要
光纤传感是融纤维光学、微电子学、精密机械和计算机等学科于一体的高新技术,这就注定它是一门技术难度大,协作配套广的知识密集型产业。故对其理论的深层次研究和新原理光纤传感器的开发成为当务之急。
光纤传感器可从光纤传感原理、被测对象、信号调制方式等不同的角度分类,光纤传感器按被调制的光波参数的不同分为五种光纤传感器。分别为强度调制型光纤传感器、偏振调制型光纤传感器、频率调制型光纤传感器、相位调制型光纤传感器和波长调制型光纤传感器。本文概述了国内外光纤传感器的发展现状,研究设计了一种基于全光纤马赫-泽德尔(Mach-Zehnder)干涉仪的相位调制型光纤传感器。
全光纤的Mach-Zehnder干涉仪是一种重要的干涉器件,因其具有干涉现象、体积小、重量轻、结构紧凑、灵敏度高等特点,可用于光纤通讯和光纤传感领域。
首先文章阐述了相位调制型光纤传感器的基本原理,其次阐述了光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的基本原理,以及光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的研究现状及应用情况。并分别用散射矩阵分析法和干涉分析法对全光纤的Mach-Zehnder干涉仪做了理论分析和计算机编程的数值模拟。针对环境因素对于光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪干涉效果的影响做了分析。在此基础上,利用相位调制法设计了基于全光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的温度传感装置,对Mach-Zehnder干涉仪进行了实验研究,实验中通过改变测量臂温度的方法改变Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的臂长差,研究了外加温度与干涉仪光谱的输出关系,采用波长定标的方法,当温度在26℃—80℃的区间变化时,得出了干涉谱线中某一特定波长的移动与外加温度的关系,得到了0.957nm波长调节范围,对应干涉仪相位改变约4π,线性拟合度达到0.972。理论与实验得到较好的吻和。
实验结果表明,该文设计的传感器结构简单、灵敏度高、价格低、易于实际应用,有广泛的应用价值。
Fiber Optic Sensor is a high-tech discipline which melts fiber optics, micro-electronics, precision machinery, computers technologies and so on. So it can be called a difficult technological industry with extensive cooperation of multi-subject. It has become the urgent affairs that the corresponding theory should be deeply studied and the novel fiber optic sensors be developed .
Fiber optic sensor can be categorized by the principle of fibre optic sensor,the object measured, and signal modulation method and so on. According to the light wave parameters which is modulated , Fiber optic sensor is classified into five kinds of optical-fiber sensor, namely, intensity modulation fiber-optic sensor, phase modulation fiber-optic sensor, frequency modulation fiber-optic sensor, polarization modulation fiber-optic sensor, wavelength modulation fiber-optic sensor. The current research status of domestic and overseas fiber optic sensors are summarized in this paper. And then a kind of phase modulation fiber-optic sensor based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer structure is designed and studied.
The all-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer is an important interference devices with the virtues of small size, light weight, compact structure and high sensitivity. Therefore, many important applications of it has been found and will be developed during the fiber-optic communications and optical sensing regions.
Firstly, the basic principle of phase modulation type optical fiber sensor and demodulation technology are reviewed in this paper. Secondly, the basic principles, the research status and the applications of Mach-Zehnder interferometer are depicted. Then the all-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer is studied theoretically and numerically simulated with scattering matrix method and interference analysis method, respectively. The influence of the circumstance on the interference effect of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer is analyzed. On this basis, A kind of temperature sensor device based on all-fibre Mach-Zehnder interferometer is designed through phase modulation method. The Mach-Zehnder interferometer has been studied experimently. During experiment, through changing the path difference of the two arms of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer by changing the temperature, we study the relationship between the output spectrum of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer and external temperature. Adopting the wavelength scale method ,we get the relationship between the shifting wavelength and external temperature While temperature is from 26℃—80℃. The tuning range is 0. 957 nm .The phase range is about Aπ. The fitting linearity is up to 0.972. The experimental results show good consistency with the theoretical ones.
Experimental results show that the design of the sensor has the advantages of simple-structure, higher-sensitivity, low-price, easy to apply in practice. So it has extensive application value in the sensing regions.
光纤传感器可从光纤传感原理、被测对象、信号调制方式等不同的角度分类,光纤传感器按被调制的光波参数的不同分为五种光纤传感器。分别为强度调制型光纤传感器、偏振调制型光纤传感器、频率调制型光纤传感器、相位调制型光纤传感器和波长调制型光纤传感器。本文概述了国内外光纤传感器的发展现状,研究设计了一种基于全光纤马赫-泽德尔(Mach-Zehnder)干涉仪的相位调制型光纤传感器。
全光纤的Mach-Zehnder干涉仪是一种重要的干涉器件,因其具有干涉现象、体积小、重量轻、结构紧凑、灵敏度高等特点,可用于光纤通讯和光纤传感领域。
首先文章阐述了相位调制型光纤传感器的基本原理,其次阐述了光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的基本原理,以及光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的研究现状及应用情况。并分别用散射矩阵分析法和干涉分析法对全光纤的Mach-Zehnder干涉仪做了理论分析和计算机编程的数值模拟。针对环境因素对于光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪干涉效果的影响做了分析。在此基础上,利用相位调制法设计了基于全光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的温度传感装置,对Mach-Zehnder干涉仪进行了实验研究,实验中通过改变测量臂温度的方法改变Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的臂长差,研究了外加温度与干涉仪光谱的输出关系,采用波长定标的方法,当温度在26℃—80℃的区间变化时,得出了干涉谱线中某一特定波长的移动与外加温度的关系,得到了0.957nm波长调节范围,对应干涉仪相位改变约4π,线性拟合度达到0.972。理论与实验得到较好的吻和。
实验结果表明,该文设计的传感器结构简单、灵敏度高、价格低、易于实际应用,有广泛的应用价值。
Fiber Optic Sensor is a high-tech discipline which melts fiber optics, micro-electronics, precision machinery, computers technologies and so on. So it can be called a difficult technological industry with extensive cooperation of multi-subject. It has become the urgent affairs that the corresponding theory should be deeply studied and the novel fiber optic sensors be developed .
Fiber optic sensor can be categorized by the principle of fibre optic sensor,the object measured, and signal modulation method and so on. According to the light wave parameters which is modulated , Fiber optic sensor is classified into five kinds of optical-fiber sensor, namely, intensity modulation fiber-optic sensor, phase modulation fiber-optic sensor, frequency modulation fiber-optic sensor, polarization modulation fiber-optic sensor, wavelength modulation fiber-optic sensor. The current research status of domestic and overseas fiber optic sensors are summarized in this paper. And then a kind of phase modulation fiber-optic sensor based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer structure is designed and studied.
The all-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer is an important interference devices with the virtues of small size, light weight, compact structure and high sensitivity. Therefore, many important applications of it has been found and will be developed during the fiber-optic communications and optical sensing regions.
Firstly, the basic principle of phase modulation type optical fiber sensor and demodulation technology are reviewed in this paper. Secondly, the basic principles, the research status and the applications of Mach-Zehnder interferometer are depicted. Then the all-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer is studied theoretically and numerically simulated with scattering matrix method and interference analysis method, respectively. The influence of the circumstance on the interference effect of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer is analyzed. On this basis, A kind of temperature sensor device based on all-fibre Mach-Zehnder interferometer is designed through phase modulation method. The Mach-Zehnder interferometer has been studied experimently. During experiment, through changing the path difference of the two arms of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer by changing the temperature, we study the relationship between the output spectrum of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer and external temperature. Adopting the wavelength scale method ,we get the relationship between the shifting wavelength and external temperature While temperature is from 26℃—80℃. The tuning range is 0. 957 nm .The phase range is about Aπ. The fitting linearity is up to 0.972. The experimental results show good consistency with the theoretical ones.
Experimental results show that the design of the sensor has the advantages of simple-structure, higher-sensitivity, low-price, easy to apply in practice. So it has extensive application value in the sensing regions.
引文
[1]杨国光.近代光学测试技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1986:8-9.
[2]W.J.Tabor,A.W.Anderson,L.G.Van Uitert.Visible and infrared Faraday rotation and birefringence of single-crystal rare-earth or the ferrites.J.Appl.Phys,1970,41:3018-3021
[3]李文植.光纤传感器的发展及其应用综述[J].应用技术,2005,(7):153-154.
[4]杨春曦,胡中功,戴克中.光纤传感器的应用及发展[J].武汉化工学院学报,2004,(6):63-64.
[5]Jennifer.M.R.Airforces attack laser makes the grade.Optics&Photonics News,1998,(9):10-15.
[6]纪圣勇,赵东劲.光纤传感器应用研究[J].鸡西大学学报,2006,(8):62-64.
[7]安亚青,薛剑,李文田.对基于马赫-曾德尔干涉仪的高压电流传感器的实验研究[J].电力系统通信,2005,26(147):31-32.
[8]Mendez A,et al.Application of embedded optical fibre sensors in reinforced concret buildings and structures.SPIE,1989,1170:60-69.
[9]Wait S.R.Use of Embedded Optical Fiber for Significant Fatigue Damage Detetion in Composite Material Composites.1900,21(3):225-231.
[10]Habel W.R.,Hillemeier B.Results in monitoring and assessment of damages in large steel and concrete structures by means of fibre opticsensor.SPIE,1995,2446:25-35.
[11]Hartoy H.A distributed temperature semso based on liguid—core optical fibers.IEEE J.Lightwave Technol.,LT-L(3):498-509.
[12]王玉堂等.光纤传感器研究进展[M].北京:中国计量出版社,1991:1-80.
[13]段云领,郑桂水.碾压混凝土坝施工进度与质量控制的新措施[J].水力发电,
[14]侯国章.测试与传感技术[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1998:12-22.
[15]李开成,叶妙元等.从电磁式电压互感器到光学式光纤电压互感器[J].变压器,1995,(11):6-8.
[16]孙圣和,王廷云等.光纤测量与传感技术[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2000:106-117.
[17]廖延彪.光纤光学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000:161-165,173-190.
[18]孟庆尧,赵勇,郑明.干涉型光纤应变传感技术的发展与应用[J].光电子技术,2005,(9):171-173.
[19]梁艺军,张森,徐彦德,邓虎.基于M-Z干涉仪原理的光纤超声检测[J].光学技术,2006,32(4):507-509.
[20]Rajiv Ramaswami et al.optical networks:a practical perspective,Bookl Morgan Kaufmann publishers,Inc,1998,chapter 3.
[21]吴重庆.光波导理论[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005:205-208.
[22]R.J.Mears,L.Reekies,S.B.Poole.and D.N.Payne,Neodmium-doped silica single-mode fibre laser.Electron Lett.,1985,21(17):7.
[23]Q.Lai et al,tunable wavelength-selection swith and multiplex/demultiplexer based on asymmetric silica-on-silicon Mach-Zehnder interferometer,Electron lett.1998,34(3):266-267.
[24]张志鹏,W.A.Gambling,光纤传感器原理[M].北京:中国计量出版社,1991:142-146.
[25]王惠文.光纤传感技术与应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2001:49-65.
[26]宋文绪,杨帆,传感器与检测技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004:60-64.
[27]童峥嵘,冯德军,杨石泉等,基于全光纤马赫-曾德尔干涉仪的电流传感研究南开大学学报,2005,35(3):70-73.
[28]P.F.Wysocki,F.Digonnet,Y.Kim et al.Characteristic of Erbium-Doped Superfluorescent Fiber Source for Interferometric Sensor Application.J.lightwave Tech,Vol(12),Mar.1994:550-567.
[29]周正,周惠林.通信工程新技术实用手册—光通信技术分册[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,1998:97-139.
[30]唐棣芳.光纤通信[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2001:72-73.
[31]张劲松,陶智勇等.光波分复用技术[M].北京邮电大学出版社,1999:69-72.
[32]Hon Man Chan,Rong Huang,and Henry Lee.A Compact Mach-Zehnder Two-mode Fiber-optic Interferometer for High Temperature Sensing.IEEE 2005:621-622.
[33]苑立波.温度和应变对光纤折射率的影响[J].光学技术,1997(17):1713-1717.
[2]W.J.Tabor,A.W.Anderson,L.G.Van Uitert.Visible and infrared Faraday rotation and birefringence of single-crystal rare-earth or the ferrites.J.Appl.Phys,1970,41:3018-3021
[3]李文植.光纤传感器的发展及其应用综述[J].应用技术,2005,(7):153-154.
[4]杨春曦,胡中功,戴克中.光纤传感器的应用及发展[J].武汉化工学院学报,2004,(6):63-64.
[5]Jennifer.M.R.Airforces attack laser makes the grade.Optics&Photonics News,1998,(9):10-15.
[6]纪圣勇,赵东劲.光纤传感器应用研究[J].鸡西大学学报,2006,(8):62-64.
[7]安亚青,薛剑,李文田.对基于马赫-曾德尔干涉仪的高压电流传感器的实验研究[J].电力系统通信,2005,26(147):31-32.
[8]Mendez A,et al.Application of embedded optical fibre sensors in reinforced concret buildings and structures.SPIE,1989,1170:60-69.
[9]Wait S.R.Use of Embedded Optical Fiber for Significant Fatigue Damage Detetion in Composite Material Composites.1900,21(3):225-231.
[10]Habel W.R.,Hillemeier B.Results in monitoring and assessment of damages in large steel and concrete structures by means of fibre opticsensor.SPIE,1995,2446:25-35.
[11]Hartoy H.A distributed temperature semso based on liguid—core optical fibers.IEEE J.Lightwave Technol.,LT-L(3):498-509.
[12]王玉堂等.光纤传感器研究进展[M].北京:中国计量出版社,1991:1-80.
[13]段云领,郑桂水.碾压混凝土坝施工进度与质量控制的新措施[J].水力发电,
[14]侯国章.测试与传感技术[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1998:12-22.
[15]李开成,叶妙元等.从电磁式电压互感器到光学式光纤电压互感器[J].变压器,1995,(11):6-8.
[16]孙圣和,王廷云等.光纤测量与传感技术[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2000:106-117.
[17]廖延彪.光纤光学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000:161-165,173-190.
[18]孟庆尧,赵勇,郑明.干涉型光纤应变传感技术的发展与应用[J].光电子技术,2005,(9):171-173.
[19]梁艺军,张森,徐彦德,邓虎.基于M-Z干涉仪原理的光纤超声检测[J].光学技术,2006,32(4):507-509.
[20]Rajiv Ramaswami et al.optical networks:a practical perspective,Bookl Morgan Kaufmann publishers,Inc,1998,chapter 3.
[21]吴重庆.光波导理论[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005:205-208.
[22]R.J.Mears,L.Reekies,S.B.Poole.and D.N.Payne,Neodmium-doped silica single-mode fibre laser.Electron Lett.,1985,21(17):7.
[23]Q.Lai et al,tunable wavelength-selection swith and multiplex/demultiplexer based on asymmetric silica-on-silicon Mach-Zehnder interferometer,Electron lett.1998,34(3):266-267.
[24]张志鹏,W.A.Gambling,光纤传感器原理[M].北京:中国计量出版社,1991:142-146.
[25]王惠文.光纤传感技术与应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2001:49-65.
[26]宋文绪,杨帆,传感器与检测技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004:60-64.
[27]童峥嵘,冯德军,杨石泉等,基于全光纤马赫-曾德尔干涉仪的电流传感研究南开大学学报,2005,35(3):70-73.
[28]P.F.Wysocki,F.Digonnet,Y.Kim et al.Characteristic of Erbium-Doped Superfluorescent Fiber Source for Interferometric Sensor Application.J.lightwave Tech,Vol(12),Mar.1994:550-567.
[29]周正,周惠林.通信工程新技术实用手册—光通信技术分册[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,1998:97-139.
[30]唐棣芳.光纤通信[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2001:72-73.
[31]张劲松,陶智勇等.光波分复用技术[M].北京邮电大学出版社,1999:69-72.
[32]Hon Man Chan,Rong Huang,and Henry Lee.A Compact Mach-Zehnder Two-mode Fiber-optic Interferometer for High Temperature Sensing.IEEE 2005:621-622.
[33]苑立波.温度和应变对光纤折射率的影响[J].光学技术,1997(17):1713-1717.