光纤声发射检测系统稳定性的研究
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摘要
声发射检测技术用于无损检测与评估,是国内外学者研究的一项极为重要的课题。作为将声发射检测和光纤传感技术结合起来的光纤声发射检测技术有着更为重要的研究意义和广泛的应用前景。由于光纤传感器易受环境、温度等因素的影响,因此,光纤传感器稳定性的问题,成为提高声发射检测系统稳定性的一个关键问题。
为了提高声发射检测系统的稳定性,本课题从应用于声发射检测系统的Mach-Zehnder光纤声发射传感器的工作原理入手,研究了该传感器的相位特性；利用Jones矩阵推导了其输出光强公式；通过仿真,分析了光纤传感器的初始相位差、大信号调制和小信号调制下的输出干涉信号的波形特征及其频谱特性；讨论了相位漂移及倍频原因,得到了干涉仪的最佳工作状态；分析了利用PZT实现相位跟踪调制的原理。
另外,从光纤传感器的偏振特性入手,分析了单模光纤中偏振态不稳定的原因；分别讨论了弯曲应力与扭转应力对偏振态的影响,结合Mach-Zehnder型光纤声发射传感器,讨论其输出光强信号的偏振衰落影响因素及产生的附加相移噪声。
在理论分析的基础上构建了Mach-Zehnder型光纤声发射检测实验系统进行研究。分别从相位特性、偏振特性、温度、电路等环境噪声的影响等方面进行了研究与分析；通过PZT给光纤传感器施加不同幅度的调制信号,给出了大信号和小信号对干涉信号的影响；通过光纤的扭转,给出了偏振态对干涉信号幅度的影响情况。
Acoustic emission testing for nondestructive detection and evaluation is a very important subject for domestic and international researchers. As the combination of the fiber-optic acoustic emission testing and the fiber optic sensing, the acoustic emission testing would have more widely application in future. Because the fiber-optic sensor is inclined to be influenced by the conditions, temperature and some other factors, solving the problems about the stability of the fiber-optic sensor becomes a key issue to improve the stability of the acoustic emission testing systems.
To improve the stability of the acoustic emission testing system, this dissertation proceeding from the principles of the Mach-Zehnder fiber-optic acoustic emission sensor which is applied in the acoustic emission testing system, studied the phase characteristics of that sensor. The formula of the output light intensity is derived by Jones matrix. The initial phase difference, the characteristics of the output signal waveforms and of the frequency gotten at the modulation of large signal and small signal respectively, of the fiber-optic sensor are analyzed. Otherwise, reasons for the phase drift and the frequency multiplication are discussed. Finally, the optimal working state of the interferometer is obtained, and the tracing modulation principle of the phase using PZT is analyzed.
In addition, this dissertation proceeding from the polarization properties of the fiber-optic sensor, analyzed the reason of instability of polarization state for the single mode fiber, and discussed the influence of the bending stress and the torsion stress on the polarization respectively, furthermore, the decline factors of polarization for output light intensity signal and the appended phase shift noise are discussed, based on the Mach-Zehnder fiber-optic acoustic emission sensor.
On the basis of theoretical analysis, the Mach-Zehnder fiber-optic acoustic emission testing system is built and studied from the aspect of phase features, polarization properties, temperature, circuits, and other environmental noise. Influences of the large signal and the small signal on the interference signal are given by applying different modulating signal to the fiber-optic sensor using PZT. And influence of the polarization on the visibility of the interference signals is also obtained by the torsion of the fiber.
为了提高声发射检测系统的稳定性,本课题从应用于声发射检测系统的Mach-Zehnder光纤声发射传感器的工作原理入手,研究了该传感器的相位特性；利用Jones矩阵推导了其输出光强公式；通过仿真,分析了光纤传感器的初始相位差、大信号调制和小信号调制下的输出干涉信号的波形特征及其频谱特性；讨论了相位漂移及倍频原因,得到了干涉仪的最佳工作状态；分析了利用PZT实现相位跟踪调制的原理。
另外,从光纤传感器的偏振特性入手,分析了单模光纤中偏振态不稳定的原因；分别讨论了弯曲应力与扭转应力对偏振态的影响,结合Mach-Zehnder型光纤声发射传感器,讨论其输出光强信号的偏振衰落影响因素及产生的附加相移噪声。
在理论分析的基础上构建了Mach-Zehnder型光纤声发射检测实验系统进行研究。分别从相位特性、偏振特性、温度、电路等环境噪声的影响等方面进行了研究与分析；通过PZT给光纤传感器施加不同幅度的调制信号,给出了大信号和小信号对干涉信号的影响；通过光纤的扭转,给出了偏振态对干涉信号幅度的影响情况。
Acoustic emission testing for nondestructive detection and evaluation is a very important subject for domestic and international researchers. As the combination of the fiber-optic acoustic emission testing and the fiber optic sensing, the acoustic emission testing would have more widely application in future. Because the fiber-optic sensor is inclined to be influenced by the conditions, temperature and some other factors, solving the problems about the stability of the fiber-optic sensor becomes a key issue to improve the stability of the acoustic emission testing systems.
To improve the stability of the acoustic emission testing system, this dissertation proceeding from the principles of the Mach-Zehnder fiber-optic acoustic emission sensor which is applied in the acoustic emission testing system, studied the phase characteristics of that sensor. The formula of the output light intensity is derived by Jones matrix. The initial phase difference, the characteristics of the output signal waveforms and of the frequency gotten at the modulation of large signal and small signal respectively, of the fiber-optic sensor are analyzed. Otherwise, reasons for the phase drift and the frequency multiplication are discussed. Finally, the optimal working state of the interferometer is obtained, and the tracing modulation principle of the phase using PZT is analyzed.
In addition, this dissertation proceeding from the polarization properties of the fiber-optic sensor, analyzed the reason of instability of polarization state for the single mode fiber, and discussed the influence of the bending stress and the torsion stress on the polarization respectively, furthermore, the decline factors of polarization for output light intensity signal and the appended phase shift noise are discussed, based on the Mach-Zehnder fiber-optic acoustic emission sensor.
On the basis of theoretical analysis, the Mach-Zehnder fiber-optic acoustic emission testing system is built and studied from the aspect of phase features, polarization properties, temperature, circuits, and other environmental noise. Influences of the large signal and the small signal on the interference signal are given by applying different modulating signal to the fiber-optic sensor using PZT. And influence of the polarization on the visibility of the interference signals is also obtained by the torsion of the fiber.
引文
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[28]梁艺军.光纤声发射检测技术研究.哈尔滨工程大学博士学位论文.2005：85-88页
[29]吴重庆编著.光波导理论.第二版.北京：清华大学,2005：208-209页
[30]汪歆.改善干涉型光纤微弱磁场传感器性能的若干关键技术研究.上海交通大学博士学位论文.2009：22-24页
[31]樊晨光.干涉型光纤声发射传感器稳定性实验研究.哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文.2009：14-24页
[32]彭保进,张敏,廖延彪,赖淑蓉,匡武,王泽涵.光纤传感器相位漂移及倍频问题的解决方法.光电子激光.2005,16(8)：913-917页
[33]赵勇等著.光纤传感原理与应用技术.第一版.北京：清华大学出版社,2007：98页
[34]李昕彤.干涉型光纤传感器实用中若干关键问题的研究.清华大学硕士学位论文.2003：33-35页
[35]黎敏,廖延彪等编著.光纤传感器及其应用技术.第一版.武汉：武汉大学出版社,2008：75-79页
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[38]余瑞兰,刘永等.压电陶瓷相位调制器相移系数的测量.光电子技术与信息.2004,17(6)：80-82页
[39]梁艺军,环形光纤声发射传感器的相位调制特性研究.光子学报.2006,35(9)：1337-1340页
[40]Joon Tae Ahn,ed. A stablished fibre-optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer filter using an independent stabilisation light source,Optics Communications.1998,157:62-66P.
[41]Tang Xiaoqi,Tang Ji.Research on Scheme of phase Carrier Modulation and Demodulation of Mach-Zehnder Optical Fiber Interferometer.Acta Metrological SINICA,2002,23(1):10-12P
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[2]陈兵,姚武.声发射技术在混凝土研究中的应用.无损检测.2000,22(9)：387-390
[3]沈功田,戴光,时风.中国声发射检测技术进展.无损检测.2003,25(6)：302-307页
[4]尹红宇,赵艳林,吕海波,欧阳利军.混凝土无损检测中常用声发射检测参数的设置.混凝土.2009(3)：125-128页
[5]Kazuro Kageyama, ed. Acoustic emission monitoring of a reinforced concrete structure by applying new fiber-optic sensors. Smart Materials and Structures.2005,14(3):52-59P
[6]王牛俊,陈莉.声发射检测技术的原理及应用.广西轻工业.2010,26(3)：49-50页
[7]杨瑞峰,马铁华.声发射技术研究及应用进展.中北大学学报(自然科学版).2006,27(5)：456-461页
[8]J.M.Rajtar,ed.Pipeline leak detection system for oil and gas flowlines. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering.1997:119-122P
[9]Stephanus J.Spammer,Pieter L.Swart,Andr Booysen.Interferometric distributed optical fiber sensor. Applied Optics.1996,35(22):4522-4525P
[10]刘俊峰.光纤声发射检测与定位的理论及实验研究.哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文.2009：10-20页
[11]孙学军.基于全光纤马赫一泽德尔干涉仪的温度传感器的研究.山东大学硕士学位论文.2007：10-12页
[12]邓虎,穆琳琳,梁艺军等.光纤Michelson干涉仪的声发射检测实验研究.哈尔滨工程大学学报.2007,28(12)：1401-1405页
[13]梁艺军,刘志海,杨军,苑立波.测量微振动的光纤Sagnac干涉传感器.哈尔滨工程大学学报.2007,28(1)：118-122页
[14]梁艺军,邓虎,徐彦德.光纤Fizeau干涉仪的声发射检测研究.光子学报.2007,36(4)：681-685页
[15]孟庆尧,赵勇,郑明.干涉型光纤应变传感技术的发展与应用.光电子技术.2005,25(3)：171-173页
[16]Kexing Liu,Suzannc M,Ferguson and Measures R M.Damage detection in composites with embedded fiber optic interferometric sensors.Proc SPIE-Int Soc opt Eng.1989(1107):205-210P
[17]安亚青,薛剑,李文田.对基于马赫—曾德干涉仪的高压电流传感器的实验研究.电力系统通讯.2005,26(1)：31-32页
[18]赵江海,史仪凯,单宁,袁小庆.光纤声发射传感技术的进展.无损检测.2007,29(3)：146-149页
[19]耿森林.激光超声与纳米材料.渭南师范学院学报.2001,16(5)：33-36,55页
[20]吴重庆.光通信导论.第一版.北京：北京交通大学出版社,2005：78-79页
[21]Grabecl Sachse W.Application of an intelligent signal processing system to AE analysis Journal of Acoustical Society of America.1989,85(3):79-82P
[22]Ken W,Junichiro N, ed.Localized failure of concrete in compression identified by AE method.Construction and Building Materials.2004,18(3):189-196P
[23]张柳.基于相位载波技术的全光纤分布式传感系统及其稳定性研究.复旦大学硕士学位论文.2008：1-10页
[24]Rippert L,Wevers M,Van Huffel S.Optical and acoustic damage detection in laminated CFRP composite materials.Composites Science and Technology.2000,60(14): 2713-2724P
[25]张森.光纤M-Z干涉仪用于声发射探测的理论与实验研究.哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文.2005：3-15页
[26]袁振民.声发射检测.第一版.北京：国防工业出版社,1981：22-25页
[27]刘国光,程青蟾.声发射技术及其在金属材料领域的应用.上海金属.2001,23(6)：35-40页
[28]梁艺军.光纤声发射检测技术研究.哈尔滨工程大学博士学位论文.2005：85-88页
[29]吴重庆编著.光波导理论.第二版.北京：清华大学,2005：208-209页
[30]汪歆.改善干涉型光纤微弱磁场传感器性能的若干关键技术研究.上海交通大学博士学位论文.2009：22-24页
[31]樊晨光.干涉型光纤声发射传感器稳定性实验研究.哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文.2009：14-24页
[32]彭保进,张敏,廖延彪,赖淑蓉,匡武,王泽涵.光纤传感器相位漂移及倍频问题的解决方法.光电子激光.2005,16(8)：913-917页
[33]赵勇等著.光纤传感原理与应用技术.第一版.北京：清华大学出版社,2007：98页
[34]李昕彤.干涉型光纤传感器实用中若干关键问题的研究.清华大学硕士学位论文.2003：33-35页
[35]黎敏,廖延彪等编著.光纤传感器及其应用技术.第一版.武汉：武汉大学出版社,2008：75-79页
[36]Kurmer J P,ed. Applicability of a nover distributed fiber optic acoustic sensor for leak detection. Proceeding of SPIE.1992,1797:63-71P
[37]王廷云.用压电陶瓷实现的光纤相位调制理论与实验分析.光子学报.1999, 28(2)：1-10页
[38]余瑞兰,刘永等.压电陶瓷相位调制器相移系数的测量.光电子技术与信息.2004,17(6)：80-82页
[39]梁艺军,环形光纤声发射传感器的相位调制特性研究.光子学报.2006,35(9)：1337-1340页
[40]Joon Tae Ahn,ed. A stablished fibre-optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer filter using an independent stabilisation light source,Optics Communications.1998,157:62-66P.
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