河北省酿酒葡萄气候区划与品种区划研究
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摘要
本研究用中国气象局提供的河北省142个气象站点连续30年(1979～2008年)的气候资料,并按照河北省气候特点和酿酒葡萄的生长习性,从热量和水分两个指标进行分析,采用无霜期、生长季干燥度和成熟季降水量作为区划指标对河北省进行酿酒葡萄气候区划;4～9月活动积温进行品种区划。根据区划结果利用ARCGIS软件做图。
1河北省酿酒葡萄气候区划结果
根据河北省的142个站点的气候资料,通过EXCEL计算无霜期,生长季干燥度和成熟季降水量,对河北省进行酿酒葡萄气候区划,并通过ARCGIS软件做图,将河北省划分为9个气候区。
Ⅰ区:怀安、万全
Ⅱ区:滦平
Ⅲ区:承德、承德县
Ⅳ区:张家口、怀来、涿鹿
Ⅴ区:曲阳、新乐、赵县、柏乡、宁晋、内邱、涉县、涿州、高碑店、固安、永清、徐水、安新、望都、大城、河间、蠡县、肃宁、盐山、海兴、平乡、孟村、武强、景县、南皮、临西
Ⅵ区:滦南、卢龙、秦皇岛、易县、大厂、廊坊、三河、香河、滦县、丰润、丰南、唐山、乐亭、昌黎、抚宁
Ⅶ区:灵寿、行唐、晋州、正定、唐县、井陉、平山、定州、石家庄、无极、临漳、沙河、栾城、高邑、元氏、临城、隆尧、赞皇、邢台、巨鹿、任县、武安、南和、邯郸、曲周、峰峰、永年、魏县、磁县、广平、肥乡、成安、容城、霸州、保定、安国、饶阳、深州、安平、任丘、青县、沧州、献县、泊头、深泽、黄骅、广宗、新河、雄县、鸡泽、衡水、武邑、冀州、南宫、故城、枣强、阜城、东光、吴桥、威县、大名、馆陶、邱县
Ⅷ区:满城、唐海、顺平
Ⅸ区:藁城、辛集、清河
2河北省酿酒葡萄品种区划结果
在河北省气候区划的基础上,对河北省酿酒葡萄适宜栽培区的站点,计算4～9月活动积温,对河北省进行酿酒葡萄品种区划,分为5个栽培区域,结果如下:
Ⅰ冷凉区(4～9月活动积温3000～3270℃):包括怀安、万全、滦平三地,适宜种植琼瑶浆、霞多丽、法国蓝、黑比诺等。
Ⅱ冷温区(4～9月活动积温3271～3550℃):包括张家口、涿鹿、承德三地,适宜种植霞多丽、贵人香、白玉霓、西万尼、品丽珠、梅鹿特、西拉、桑娇维赛等。
Ⅲ中温区(4～9月活动积温3551～3820℃):包括怀来、承德县、滦南、秦皇岛、抚宁、昌黎、唐海等地,适宜种植白玉霓、品丽珠、梅鹿特、赤霞珠、西拉、佳利酿、晚红蜜、龙眼等。
Ⅳ暖温区(4～9月活动积温3821～4130℃):包括白玉霓、品丽珠、梅鹿特、赤霞珠、西拉、佳利酿、晚红蜜等。
Ⅴ暖热区(4～9月活动积温4130℃以上):包括石家庄、邢台、巨鹿、邯郸、峰峰,适宜种植宝石、佳利酿等。
This research based on the climatic data of 142 weather stations in Hebei province provided by China Meteorological Administration (CMA) for 30 years (1979~2008 years), according to the characteristic of Hebei climate and the growing behavior of grapevine, based on the analysis of thermal index and moisture index, using the Frost-free period, the dryness index in growing period (Apr.~Sep.) and the precipitation in maturing period (Aug.~Sep.) as the viticulture zoning indices and the active accumulated temperature from (Apr.~Sep.) as the grapevine variety zoning index,then made the drafting by ARCGIS software.
1 The result of the climatic zoning of viticulture in Hebei province
Based on the daily climatic data of 142 cities and counties in Hebei province, using Excel software calculated the frost-free period, the dryness index in growing period and the precipitation in the mature season. According to the result, Hebei province was subdivided into 9 climate areas and made the drafting by ARCGIS software.
Ⅰ: Huaian, Wanquan
Ⅱ: Luanpin
Ⅲ: Chengde, Chengde Xian
Ⅳ: Zhangjiakou, Huailai, Zhuolu
Ⅴ: Quyang, Xinle, Zhao Xian, Boxiang, Ningjin, Neiqiu, SheXian, Zhuozhou, Gaobeidian, Guan,Yongqing, Xushui, Anxin, Wangdu, Dacheng, Hejian, LiXian, Suning, Yanshan, Haixing, Pingxiang, Mengcun, Wuqiang, JingXian, Nanpi, Linxi
Ⅵ: Luannan, Lulong, Qinhuangdao, YiXiancounty, Dachang, Langfang, Sanhe, Xianghe, LuanXian, Fengrun, Fengnan, Tangshan, Leting, Changli, Funing
Ⅶ: Lingshou, Xingtang, Jinzhou, Zhengding, Tang Xian, Jinjing, Pingshan, Dingzhou, Shijiazhuang, Wuji, Linzhang, Shahe, Luancheng, Gaoyi, Yuanshi, Lincheng, Longrao, Zanhuang, Xingtai, Julu, Renxian, Wuan, Nanhe,Handan, Quzhou, Fengfeng, Yongnan, WeiXian, CiXian, Guangping, Feixiang, Chengan, Rongcheng, Bazhou, Baoding, Anguo, Raoyang, Shenzhou, Anping, Renqiu, QingXian,Changzhou, XianXian, Potou, Shenze, Huanghua, Guangzong, Xinhe, XiongXian, Jize, Hengshui, Wuyi, Jizhou, Nangong, Gucheng, Zaoqiang, Fucheng, Dongguang, Wuqiang, WeiXian, Daming, Guantao, QiuXian
Ⅷ: Mancheng, Tanghai, Shunping
Ⅸ: Gaocheng, Xinji, Qinghe
Based on the results of the climatic zoning of viticulture in Hebei province .According to the suitable viticulture areas in Hebei province, calculated active accumulated temperature from (Apr.~Sep.). Hebei province was subdivided into 5 areas.The result was as follows:
ⅠT he active accumulated temperature from (Apr.~Sep.) was 3000~3270℃:including Huaian, Wanquan, Luanpin, which was suitable to plant Gewurztraminer, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, limberger etc.
ⅡT he active accumulated temperature from (Apr.~Sep.) was 3271~3550℃: including Zhangjiakou, Huailai, Zhuolu, which was suitable to plant Chardonnay, Italian Riesling, Ugni Blanc, sylvaner, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, sangiovese etc.
ⅢT he active accumulated temperature from (Apr.~Sep.) was 3551~3820℃:including Huailai, Chengde Xian, Luannan, Qinhuangdao, Funing, Changli,Tanghai which was suitable to plant Ugni Blanc, Cabernet Franc,Merlot,Cabernet Sauvignon, Shiraha,Carignane, SAPERAVI, Longan etc.
ⅣT he active accumulated temperature from (Apr.~ Sep.) was 3821~4130℃,including Gaocheng, Xinji ,Qinghe, Quyang, Langfang,Baoding,Hengshui, Mancheng ect.,which was suitable to plant Ugni Blanc, Cabernet Franc,Merlot,Cabernet Sauvignon, Shiraha, Carignan, SAPERAVI etc.
1河北省酿酒葡萄气候区划结果
根据河北省的142个站点的气候资料,通过EXCEL计算无霜期,生长季干燥度和成熟季降水量,对河北省进行酿酒葡萄气候区划,并通过ARCGIS软件做图,将河北省划分为9个气候区。
Ⅰ区:怀安、万全
Ⅱ区:滦平
Ⅲ区:承德、承德县
Ⅳ区:张家口、怀来、涿鹿
Ⅴ区:曲阳、新乐、赵县、柏乡、宁晋、内邱、涉县、涿州、高碑店、固安、永清、徐水、安新、望都、大城、河间、蠡县、肃宁、盐山、海兴、平乡、孟村、武强、景县、南皮、临西
Ⅵ区:滦南、卢龙、秦皇岛、易县、大厂、廊坊、三河、香河、滦县、丰润、丰南、唐山、乐亭、昌黎、抚宁
Ⅶ区:灵寿、行唐、晋州、正定、唐县、井陉、平山、定州、石家庄、无极、临漳、沙河、栾城、高邑、元氏、临城、隆尧、赞皇、邢台、巨鹿、任县、武安、南和、邯郸、曲周、峰峰、永年、魏县、磁县、广平、肥乡、成安、容城、霸州、保定、安国、饶阳、深州、安平、任丘、青县、沧州、献县、泊头、深泽、黄骅、广宗、新河、雄县、鸡泽、衡水、武邑、冀州、南宫、故城、枣强、阜城、东光、吴桥、威县、大名、馆陶、邱县
Ⅷ区:满城、唐海、顺平
Ⅸ区:藁城、辛集、清河
2河北省酿酒葡萄品种区划结果
在河北省气候区划的基础上,对河北省酿酒葡萄适宜栽培区的站点,计算4～9月活动积温,对河北省进行酿酒葡萄品种区划,分为5个栽培区域,结果如下:
Ⅰ冷凉区(4～9月活动积温3000～3270℃):包括怀安、万全、滦平三地,适宜种植琼瑶浆、霞多丽、法国蓝、黑比诺等。
Ⅱ冷温区(4～9月活动积温3271～3550℃):包括张家口、涿鹿、承德三地,适宜种植霞多丽、贵人香、白玉霓、西万尼、品丽珠、梅鹿特、西拉、桑娇维赛等。
Ⅲ中温区(4～9月活动积温3551～3820℃):包括怀来、承德县、滦南、秦皇岛、抚宁、昌黎、唐海等地,适宜种植白玉霓、品丽珠、梅鹿特、赤霞珠、西拉、佳利酿、晚红蜜、龙眼等。
Ⅳ暖温区(4～9月活动积温3821～4130℃):包括白玉霓、品丽珠、梅鹿特、赤霞珠、西拉、佳利酿、晚红蜜等。
Ⅴ暖热区(4～9月活动积温4130℃以上):包括石家庄、邢台、巨鹿、邯郸、峰峰,适宜种植宝石、佳利酿等。
This research based on the climatic data of 142 weather stations in Hebei province provided by China Meteorological Administration (CMA) for 30 years (1979~2008 years), according to the characteristic of Hebei climate and the growing behavior of grapevine, based on the analysis of thermal index and moisture index, using the Frost-free period, the dryness index in growing period (Apr.~Sep.) and the precipitation in maturing period (Aug.~Sep.) as the viticulture zoning indices and the active accumulated temperature from (Apr.~Sep.) as the grapevine variety zoning index,then made the drafting by ARCGIS software.
1 The result of the climatic zoning of viticulture in Hebei province
Based on the daily climatic data of 142 cities and counties in Hebei province, using Excel software calculated the frost-free period, the dryness index in growing period and the precipitation in the mature season. According to the result, Hebei province was subdivided into 9 climate areas and made the drafting by ARCGIS software.
Ⅰ: Huaian, Wanquan
Ⅱ: Luanpin
Ⅲ: Chengde, Chengde Xian
Ⅳ: Zhangjiakou, Huailai, Zhuolu
Ⅴ: Quyang, Xinle, Zhao Xian, Boxiang, Ningjin, Neiqiu, SheXian, Zhuozhou, Gaobeidian, Guan,Yongqing, Xushui, Anxin, Wangdu, Dacheng, Hejian, LiXian, Suning, Yanshan, Haixing, Pingxiang, Mengcun, Wuqiang, JingXian, Nanpi, Linxi
Ⅵ: Luannan, Lulong, Qinhuangdao, YiXiancounty, Dachang, Langfang, Sanhe, Xianghe, LuanXian, Fengrun, Fengnan, Tangshan, Leting, Changli, Funing
Ⅶ: Lingshou, Xingtang, Jinzhou, Zhengding, Tang Xian, Jinjing, Pingshan, Dingzhou, Shijiazhuang, Wuji, Linzhang, Shahe, Luancheng, Gaoyi, Yuanshi, Lincheng, Longrao, Zanhuang, Xingtai, Julu, Renxian, Wuan, Nanhe,Handan, Quzhou, Fengfeng, Yongnan, WeiXian, CiXian, Guangping, Feixiang, Chengan, Rongcheng, Bazhou, Baoding, Anguo, Raoyang, Shenzhou, Anping, Renqiu, QingXian,Changzhou, XianXian, Potou, Shenze, Huanghua, Guangzong, Xinhe, XiongXian, Jize, Hengshui, Wuyi, Jizhou, Nangong, Gucheng, Zaoqiang, Fucheng, Dongguang, Wuqiang, WeiXian, Daming, Guantao, QiuXian
Ⅷ: Mancheng, Tanghai, Shunping
Ⅸ: Gaocheng, Xinji, Qinghe
Based on the results of the climatic zoning of viticulture in Hebei province .According to the suitable viticulture areas in Hebei province, calculated active accumulated temperature from (Apr.~Sep.). Hebei province was subdivided into 5 areas.The result was as follows:
ⅠT he active accumulated temperature from (Apr.~Sep.) was 3000~3270℃:including Huaian, Wanquan, Luanpin, which was suitable to plant Gewurztraminer, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, limberger etc.
ⅡT he active accumulated temperature from (Apr.~Sep.) was 3271~3550℃: including Zhangjiakou, Huailai, Zhuolu, which was suitable to plant Chardonnay, Italian Riesling, Ugni Blanc, sylvaner, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, sangiovese etc.
ⅢT he active accumulated temperature from (Apr.~Sep.) was 3551~3820℃:including Huailai, Chengde Xian, Luannan, Qinhuangdao, Funing, Changli,Tanghai which was suitable to plant Ugni Blanc, Cabernet Franc,Merlot,Cabernet Sauvignon, Shiraha,Carignane, SAPERAVI, Longan etc.
ⅣT he active accumulated temperature from (Apr.~ Sep.) was 3821~4130℃,including Gaocheng, Xinji ,Qinghe, Quyang, Langfang,Baoding,Hengshui, Mancheng ect.,which was suitable to plant Ugni Blanc, Cabernet Franc,Merlot,Cabernet Sauvignon, Shiraha, Carignan, SAPERAVI etc.
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张振文,刘延林,惠竹梅. 2002.葡萄与葡萄酒种气候区域化.陕西农业科学, 5: 7~10
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Coombe B.G.. 1987.Influence of temperature on composition and quality of grapes.Acta,horoticulture,206: 23~35
Coombe B.G.. 1987. Indices of sugar-acidity as ripeness criteria for grapes.Sci of food Agric,31 :495~502
Coombe B G.. 1988. Dry P R,Smart R E.The grape growing regions of Australia..Viticulture.Vol.ⅠResources. Adelaide: Australian Industrial Publishers PTY LTD: 37~60 Federico C. 2005. Statistiques Mondiales,Paris: O.I.V.
Huglin P. 1978. Nouveau mode d’evaluation des possibilities heliothermiques d’un milieu viticole.Ecologie de la Vigne,C.R.Ier Sympo.Interna Ecologie Vigne : 89~97
Jackson D I. 1988. Prediction of a district’s grape-ripening capacity using latitude–temperature index (LTI).Am J Enol vatic, 39(1): 19~28
Koblet W. 1986. Influence of light and temperature on vine performance in cool climates and application to vineyard management in proceedings of the international symposium on cool climate ,Vitic and Enol,
Lee Jaworski C.Y. 1987. Phenolic compounds in white grapes grown in New York.Am.J.Enol Vitic, 33(4): 227~231
RenéMorlat,Alain Jacquet. 2005. Grapevine root system and soil characteristics in a vineyard maintained long-term with or without Interrow Sward.Am J Enol Vitic, 54: 1~7.
Richard D.E. 1988. Light quality and quality effecting on fruit ripening for Cabernet Sauvignon.Am.,J.Enol vatic, 39(3): 421~436
Rudi E. 1985. Investigation into the influence of time of irrigation on yield and quality of graperies.Acta,Horticultural, 38(4): 329~331
Wang Xiuqin,Huang Weidong,Zhan Jicheng. 2005 .Effects of weak light on the sucrose synthase in source leaves of nectarine trees(Prunus persica L.var. nectarine Ait..J Hortic Sci Biot, 80(3): 356~362.
Winkler A J, Cook J A, Kliever W M,et al. 1974. General Viticulture.Berkley:University of California Press Isht H.1988.The influence of protection from rain during fruit ripening on grape juice and wine quality,Technical Bulletin Faculty of Horti.Chiba,university, 41: 29~33