电气石涂层增白与瓷膜化研究及其对空气、水、酒的优化
摘要
电气石是种独特的自发极性矿物,具有热释电、远红外辐射和释放负离子等特性,被广泛应用于环境保护、人体保健、建筑材料、纺织工业等领域。随着科技的发展,环境问题的日益严峻,电气石的应用研究具有重要的现实意义。
本文讨论了电气石干法物理包覆增白技术和电气石陶瓷膜的制备,研究了电气石对水pH值的影响规律,分析了电气石改善白酒风味品质的机理。结论如下：
1、高岭土包覆增白电气石粉涂层的最佳工艺为：温度57℃,粘结剂石蜡用量4%；高岭土包覆量为55.79%时,白度由原来的18.83提高到60.83。
2、机械物理包覆实验,基体(R)与包覆体(r)关系为：r≤R((?)-1)时,包覆曲线和机械混合曲线存在交点A即包覆白度=机械混合白度时,包覆体的百分含量x的通式为：(包覆体白度-基体白度)/(100-x)=K
K值与基料和包覆体的白度、粒度有关。
3、电气石陶瓷膜的最佳制备工艺为：按电气石：釉料=65：35,加6%的胶黏剂,丝网印花于陶瓷表面,760℃下烧结。
4、电气石陶瓷膜可快速地调节水pH值至中性或弱碱性,电气石粒度越小、用量越大,对水调节作用越明显。
5、电气石可优化白酒中风味物质比例,改变酒中各种化学组成成分物质及含量,提高酒的风味品质。
Tourmaline is one kind of unique spontaneous polarization mineral with characteristics of pyroelectricity, emitting far red-rays, releasing negative ions. It is widely used in environmental protection, human health, building materials, textile industry and other fields. Because of the increasingly serious environmental problems, tourmaline applied research has more important practical significance.
In this paper, we discussed the process of tourmaline whitening and the preparation of tourmaline ceramic membrane, then studied the influence of tourmaline effecting water pH value, last analyzed the mechanism of tourmaline improving the of flavor and quality liquor.
Through the research of this topic, the conclusions are followed:
1. With kaolin to whiten tourmaline powder, the best processes were that the 4% of binder was placed at 57℃, when the coating quality of tourmaline was 55.79%, the whiteness of modified podwer increased to 60.83 from from the original 18.83.
2. In whitening tests, when the relationship between R (matrix) and the r (coating powder) is r≤R((?)-1), the coating curve and the mechanical mixing curve have intersection A. At the intersection, whiteness of coating equals whiteness of mechanical mixting, and the general formula of xA(the percentage of coating powder) is Whiteness of coating powder-whiteness of matrix/100-xA=K K value is related to whiteness and particle size of matrix and coating powder.
3. The best process of preparation of tourmaline ceramic membrane is as following:the materal composition was 65% tourmalinea and 35% glaze, then we plused 6% of the adhesive to mixed materal to make tourmaline glaze, then printed it on the ceramic surface, sintered at 760℃.
4. Tourmaline ceramic membrane can quickly adjust the pH value of water to neutral or weak alkaline, the size of tourmaline particle is smaller, the amount is greater, its impaction on water is more more obvious.
5. Tourmaline can optimize the composition ratio of the flaver materials in liquor, change the content of chemical materials, and improve the quality of liquor.
本文讨论了电气石干法物理包覆增白技术和电气石陶瓷膜的制备,研究了电气石对水pH值的影响规律,分析了电气石改善白酒风味品质的机理。结论如下：
1、高岭土包覆增白电气石粉涂层的最佳工艺为：温度57℃,粘结剂石蜡用量4%；高岭土包覆量为55.79%时,白度由原来的18.83提高到60.83。
2、机械物理包覆实验,基体(R)与包覆体(r)关系为：r≤R((?)-1)时,包覆曲线和机械混合曲线存在交点A即包覆白度=机械混合白度时,包覆体的百分含量x的通式为：(包覆体白度-基体白度)/(100-x)=K
K值与基料和包覆体的白度、粒度有关。
3、电气石陶瓷膜的最佳制备工艺为：按电气石：釉料=65：35,加6%的胶黏剂,丝网印花于陶瓷表面,760℃下烧结。
4、电气石陶瓷膜可快速地调节水pH值至中性或弱碱性,电气石粒度越小、用量越大,对水调节作用越明显。
5、电气石可优化白酒中风味物质比例,改变酒中各种化学组成成分物质及含量,提高酒的风味品质。
Tourmaline is one kind of unique spontaneous polarization mineral with characteristics of pyroelectricity, emitting far red-rays, releasing negative ions. It is widely used in environmental protection, human health, building materials, textile industry and other fields. Because of the increasingly serious environmental problems, tourmaline applied research has more important practical significance.
In this paper, we discussed the process of tourmaline whitening and the preparation of tourmaline ceramic membrane, then studied the influence of tourmaline effecting water pH value, last analyzed the mechanism of tourmaline improving the of flavor and quality liquor.
Through the research of this topic, the conclusions are followed:
1. With kaolin to whiten tourmaline powder, the best processes were that the 4% of binder was placed at 57℃, when the coating quality of tourmaline was 55.79%, the whiteness of modified podwer increased to 60.83 from from the original 18.83.
2. In whitening tests, when the relationship between R (matrix) and the r (coating powder) is r≤R((?)-1), the coating curve and the mechanical mixing curve have intersection A. At the intersection, whiteness of coating equals whiteness of mechanical mixting, and the general formula of xA(the percentage of coating powder) is Whiteness of coating powder-whiteness of matrix/100-xA=K K value is related to whiteness and particle size of matrix and coating powder.
3. The best process of preparation of tourmaline ceramic membrane is as following:the materal composition was 65% tourmalinea and 35% glaze, then we plused 6% of the adhesive to mixed materal to make tourmaline glaze, then printed it on the ceramic surface, sintered at 760℃.
4. Tourmaline ceramic membrane can quickly adjust the pH value of water to neutral or weak alkaline, the size of tourmaline particle is smaller, the amount is greater, its impaction on water is more more obvious.
5. Tourmaline can optimize the composition ratio of the flaver materials in liquor, change the content of chemical materials, and improve the quality of liquor.
引文
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[3]Ertl A,Hughes JM,Marler B.Empirical formulae for the calculation of and X-O2 bond lengths in tourmaline and relations to tetrahedrally-coordinated boron [J].N Jb Miner Mh,2001,(12):548-557
[4]Andreas Ertl,John M.Hughes,Stefan Prowatke.Mn-rich tourmaline from Austria:structure,chemistry, opti-cal spectra,and relations to synthetic solid solutSmas[J].Am Mineral,2003,(88):1369-1376
[5]冯艳文.电极性矿物材料表面光催化功能膜研究：[硕士论文].河北：河北工业学,2004
[6]李珍.电气石的热释电系数测量装置.中国,实用新型专利：ZL03254756.0,2004
[7]张开永,成学海,曲鸿鲁.国内外电气石开发研究现状及应用前景展望[J].矿冶,2004,13(1)：97-100
[8]吴瑞华,汤云晖,张晓晖.电气石的电场效应及其在环境领域中的应用前景[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2001,(4)：474-476
[9]蒋侃.电气石对废水中重金属粒子Cu2+、Pb2+、Zn2+的吸附特性研究：[硕士论文].辽宁：东北大学,2004
[10]曹慧玲.功能复合材料降解有机物的研究：[硕士论文].广州：华南师范大学,2007
[11]Terutaro Nakamura, Tetsujiro Kubo.Tourmaline group crystals reaction with water[J].Ferroelectrics,1992, 137:13-31
[12]王继梅.空气负离子及负离子材料的评价与应用研究：[硕士论文].北京：中国建材材料研院,2004
[13]黄云龙.电气石粉体表面改性增白研究：[硕士论文].北京：北京工业大学,2004
[14]崔新伟,王莎莎,陈萍等.电气石在环境领域中的研究现状及制膜探索[J].广州化工,2010,38(2)：8-10
[15]梁金生,孟军平,朱东彬等.热处理对电气石矿物粉体表面自由能的影响[J].硅酸盐报,2008,36(2)：257-260
[16]冀志江,金宗哲,梁金生等.电气石对水体pH值的影响[J].中国环境科学,2002,22(6)：515-519
[17]Dietrich RV.The tourmaline group[M].New York:Van Nostrand Reinhold Company,1985.54
[18]冀志江.电气石自极化及应用基础研究：[硕士论文].北京：中国建材研究,2002
[19]王平,田晓莹等.含电气石热释电功能瓷膜对水pH值的影响[J].硅酸盐通报,2009,28(3)：484-490
[20]唐云志,王平,许亮等.电气石复合材料合成及在养殖水处理中的应用[J].江西有色金属,2009,23(4)：44-47
[21]张晓晖,吴瑞华,汤云晖.电气石的自发电极性在水质净化和改善领域的应用研究[J].中国非金属矿工业导刊,2004(3)：39-42
[22]汤云晖,吴瑞华,章西焕.电气石对含Cu2+废水的净化原理探讨[J].岩石矿物学杂2002.21(6)：192-196
[23]韩跃新,蒋侃,印万忠等.电气石超细粉体对废水中pb2+离子吸附的研究[J].金属矿山,2004,(20)：527-530
[24]韩跃新,印万忠,蒋侃等.电气石超细粉体对Cu2+和Zn2+选择性吸附的研究[J].有色矿冶,2004,(20)：136-137
[25]K.Shigenobu, T.Matsumura, T.Nakamura, H.Ishii, Y.Nishi.Ecological use of tourmaline[J]. Ecological,
[26]胥焕岩,彭明生,刘羽,王鹏.矿物类Fenton反应降解有机污染物的研究进展[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2009,28(4)：394-400
[27]Kim SS, Kim J H, Ham S J. Application of the electrokinetic-Fenton process for the remediation of kaolinite contaminated with phenanthrene[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2005,B118:121-131
[28]王圣威.节能减排用光子-离子协合催化材料的研究：[博士论文].北京：北京交通大学,2006
[29]Hawthorne F C,Mac Donald D J,Burns P C. Reassignment of cation site occupanciesin tourmaline:Al-Mg disorderin the crystal structure of dravite[J].American Mineralogist (1993),78,265-270
[30]Ertl A,Hughes J.M.The crystal structure of an aluminum-rich schorl overgrown by boron-rich olenite from Koralpe, Styria, Austria[J].Mineralogy and Petrology(2002),75,69-78
[31]Fuchs Y, Lagache M.[J].American Mineralogist,1998,83:525
[32]张晓晖,吴瑞华,董颖.电气石粉体的表面电性研究[J].中国矿业,2005,14(2)：73-76
[33]Terutaro Nakamura, Tetsujiro Kubo.Tourmaline group crystals reaction with water [J].Ferroelectrics,1992, 137,13-31
[34]Ram am oorthy M,VanderbiltD,King-Smith R.D. [J] Phys.Rev.B,1994,49:16721-16727
[35]Bates S.P, Kresse G, GillanM.J.[J] Sur.f Sc.i,1997,385:386-394
[36]Lazzeri M, Vittadini A, Selloni A.[J]Phys.Rev.B,2001,63:15540-155419
[37]周泳.量子化学方法在矿物表面研究中的应用[硕士论文].北京：中国地质大学.2006：8-44
[38]Omer Markovitch, Noam Agmon. Structure and energetics of the hydronium hydration shells[J]. Phys. Chem2007 A111(12):2253-2256
[39]杨如增,徐礼新,杨满珍.黑色电气石矿物组成与红外辐射特性的关系[J].上海地质,2002(1)：61-64
[40]王庆淼,赵振河,宋心远.新型颜料包覆体的合成及其在涂料染色中的应用[J].纺织高校基础科学学报,1998,11(3)：205
[41]喻志刚,袁荞龙,应圣康SiO2-TiO2复合微粒的研究[J].复合材料学报,2000,17(4)：72
[42]FiLatov S K,Gorskaya M G,Bolotnikova N I.Thermal deformation and phase transformations in tourmaline[J].Inorg.Mater,1987,23(4):525-529
[43]Donnay G.Structuralmechenism of pyroelectricity in tourmaline [J].Acta Crystallographica,1977,A33:927-932
[44]孟庆杰,张兴祥.电气石晶体微粉对酸溶液pH值和电导率的影响[J].材料导论,2005,19(12)：132-135
[45]汤云晖.电气石的表面吸附与电极反应研究[博士论文].北京：中国地质大学.2002：55-58
[46]Kubo.T.Interface activity of water given rise by tourmaline[J].Solid Physics,1989,24(12):108-113
[47]夏枚生,张红梅,胡彩虹等.电气石对海水pH值的调控[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(10)：1972-1975
[48]谢方安.谈白酒香气成分和作用[J].酿酒,2006,5(33)：52-55
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[50]熊子书.论白酒中香味成分和风味特征[J].酿酒科技,1998,3：82-85
[2]Frank C.Hawthorne,and Darrell J.Henry.Classification of the minerals of the tourmaline group[J].European Journal of Mineralogy,1999,11(2):201-215
[3]Ertl A,Hughes JM,Marler B.Empirical formulae for the calculation of
[4]Andreas Ertl,John M.Hughes,Stefan Prowatke.Mn-rich tourmaline from Austria:structure,chemistry, opti-cal spectra,and relations to synthetic solid solutSmas[J].Am Mineral,2003,(88):1369-1376
[5]冯艳文.电极性矿物材料表面光催化功能膜研究：[硕士论文].河北：河北工业学,2004
[6]李珍.电气石的热释电系数测量装置.中国,实用新型专利：ZL03254756.0,2004
[7]张开永,成学海,曲鸿鲁.国内外电气石开发研究现状及应用前景展望[J].矿冶,2004,13(1)：97-100
[8]吴瑞华,汤云晖,张晓晖.电气石的电场效应及其在环境领域中的应用前景[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2001,(4)：474-476
[9]蒋侃.电气石对废水中重金属粒子Cu2+、Pb2+、Zn2+的吸附特性研究：[硕士论文].辽宁：东北大学,2004
[10]曹慧玲.功能复合材料降解有机物的研究：[硕士论文].广州：华南师范大学,2007
[11]Terutaro Nakamura, Tetsujiro Kubo.Tourmaline group crystals reaction with water[J].Ferroelectrics,1992, 137:13-31
[12]王继梅.空气负离子及负离子材料的评价与应用研究：[硕士论文].北京：中国建材材料研院,2004
[13]黄云龙.电气石粉体表面改性增白研究：[硕士论文].北京：北京工业大学,2004
[14]崔新伟,王莎莎,陈萍等.电气石在环境领域中的研究现状及制膜探索[J].广州化工,2010,38(2)：8-10
[15]梁金生,孟军平,朱东彬等.热处理对电气石矿物粉体表面自由能的影响[J].硅酸盐报,2008,36(2)：257-260
[16]冀志江,金宗哲,梁金生等.电气石对水体pH值的影响[J].中国环境科学,2002,22(6)：515-519
[17]Dietrich RV.The tourmaline group[M].New York:Van Nostrand Reinhold Company,1985.54
[18]冀志江.电气石自极化及应用基础研究：[硕士论文].北京：中国建材研究,2002
[19]王平,田晓莹等.含电气石热释电功能瓷膜对水pH值的影响[J].硅酸盐通报,2009,28(3)：484-490
[20]唐云志,王平,许亮等.电气石复合材料合成及在养殖水处理中的应用[J].江西有色金属,2009,23(4)：44-47
[21]张晓晖,吴瑞华,汤云晖.电气石的自发电极性在水质净化和改善领域的应用研究[J].中国非金属矿工业导刊,2004(3)：39-42
[22]汤云晖,吴瑞华,章西焕.电气石对含Cu2+废水的净化原理探讨[J].岩石矿物学杂2002.21(6)：192-196
[23]韩跃新,蒋侃,印万忠等.电气石超细粉体对废水中pb2+离子吸附的研究[J].金属矿山,2004,(20)：527-530
[24]韩跃新,印万忠,蒋侃等.电气石超细粉体对Cu2+和Zn2+选择性吸附的研究[J].有色矿冶,2004,(20)：136-137
[25]K.Shigenobu, T.Matsumura, T.Nakamura, H.Ishii, Y.Nishi.Ecological use of tourmaline[J]. Ecological,
[26]胥焕岩,彭明生,刘羽,王鹏.矿物类Fenton反应降解有机污染物的研究进展[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2009,28(4)：394-400
[27]Kim SS, Kim J H, Ham S J. Application of the electrokinetic-Fenton process for the remediation of kaolinite contaminated with phenanthrene[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2005,B118:121-131
[28]王圣威.节能减排用光子-离子协合催化材料的研究：[博士论文].北京：北京交通大学,2006
[29]Hawthorne F C,Mac Donald D J,Burns P C. Reassignment of cation site occupanciesin tourmaline:Al-Mg disorderin the crystal structure of dravite[J].American Mineralogist (1993),78,265-270
[30]Ertl A,Hughes J.M.The crystal structure of an aluminum-rich schorl overgrown by boron-rich olenite from Koralpe, Styria, Austria[J].Mineralogy and Petrology(2002),75,69-78
[31]Fuchs Y, Lagache M.[J].American Mineralogist,1998,83:525
[32]张晓晖,吴瑞华,董颖.电气石粉体的表面电性研究[J].中国矿业,2005,14(2)：73-76
[33]Terutaro Nakamura, Tetsujiro Kubo.Tourmaline group crystals reaction with water [J].Ferroelectrics,1992, 137,13-31
[34]Ram am oorthy M,VanderbiltD,King-Smith R.D. [J] Phys.Rev.B,1994,49:16721-16727
[35]Bates S.P, Kresse G, GillanM.J.[J] Sur.f Sc.i,1997,385:386-394
[36]Lazzeri M, Vittadini A, Selloni A.[J]Phys.Rev.B,2001,63:15540-155419
[37]周泳.量子化学方法在矿物表面研究中的应用[硕士论文].北京：中国地质大学.2006：8-44
[38]Omer Markovitch, Noam Agmon. Structure and energetics of the hydronium hydration shells[J]. Phys. Chem2007 A111(12):2253-2256
[39]杨如增,徐礼新,杨满珍.黑色电气石矿物组成与红外辐射特性的关系[J].上海地质,2002(1)：61-64
[40]王庆淼,赵振河,宋心远.新型颜料包覆体的合成及其在涂料染色中的应用[J].纺织高校基础科学学报,1998,11(3)：205
[41]喻志刚,袁荞龙,应圣康SiO2-TiO2复合微粒的研究[J].复合材料学报,2000,17(4)：72
[42]FiLatov S K,Gorskaya M G,Bolotnikova N I.Thermal deformation and phase transformations in tourmaline[J].Inorg.Mater,1987,23(4):525-529
[43]Donnay G.Structuralmechenism of pyroelectricity in tourmaline [J].Acta Crystallographica,1977,A33:927-932
[44]孟庆杰,张兴祥.电气石晶体微粉对酸溶液pH值和电导率的影响[J].材料导论,2005,19(12)：132-135
[45]汤云晖.电气石的表面吸附与电极反应研究[博士论文].北京：中国地质大学.2002：55-58
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