行人过街信号与交叉口信号联动控制方法研究
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摘要
在城市交通网络中,交叉口是道路网络中通行能力的“瓶颈点”和交通事故多发点,主干道是道路网络的主体部分,又是保证城市社会经济活动正常运转的主动脉。干道路段上行人横向过街交通与机动车纵向交通的矛盾,既造成机动车行车延误又增加行人过街的不安全性。因此,需要从时空上协调控制两者的交通行为。本文从路段行人过街信号与交叉口信号的联动控制方法着手进行这一问题的研究。
论文以国家自然科学基金项目“单点控制信号交叉口时空资源综合优化利用模式”(50378016)、各城市的交通规划的经验以及东南大学王炜教授开发的的城市交通管理分析软件“交运之星-Transtar”为依托,系统的研究了干道行人过街信号与交叉口信号联动控制方案。全文主要内容如下:
(1)文章首先在实际调查的基础上,详细分析了不同用地性质条件下的过街需求的到达特性和不同交通管制下不同过街实体的交通特性,分析了进入路段的机动车初始流特性,并对机动车在路段中的车速特征、离散性以及路段信号控制人行横道对机动车流的影响进行了研究。
(2)分析基于一种伺服机构的人群中行人的动态交通流模型,分析研究人群中行人的特征,使行人沿预定的路径逐点移动。该模型已被应用于模拟人群中行人的步行和突然进入狭窄空间的个体运动,仿真结果与实测结果拟合良好。
(3)运用适合我国交通现况的定时式线控制系统理论,以南京市太平北路与珠江路的十字典型交叉口为例,在现状调查分析的基础上,具体分析信号配时方案产生的全过程,提出使城市道路单点信号控制交叉口的时空资源得到综合优化利用的交叉口车道渠化方法和信号配时优化方法,通过优化方案与现状进行比较,取得了较好的结果。
(4)通过分析过街交通和机动车交通的交通特性,以南京市太平北路路段为例,根据现状交通状况,提出了基于可穿越空挡的行人过街信号与交叉口信号协调控制的方法,建立了路段行人过街信号与交叉口信号协调控制的线性优划模型,对该路段由南向北方向进行单向协调控制设计,并提出了优于现状控制方案的行人过街信号与交叉口信号协调控制方案;在交叉口间距已定的情况下对人行横道设置的个数进行研究,计算机仿真结果表明了此线控系统的有效性和可行性;最后应用一维二速主干道模型对城市干道的人行横道设置个数进行探讨。
(5)应用实时模糊控制方法对行人过街信号与交叉口信号联动控制仿真进行研究,根据车辆的平均载客数进行车延误与人延误的转换。把人行横道看成简单的两相位的交叉口,最后以太平北路和平大厦-珠江路路段调查的部分数据对两个路口进行仿真,效果良好。应用递阶控制的思想对行人过街信号与交叉口信号联动控制进行建模,同时介绍了过饱和交通下的行人过街信号与交叉口信号联动控制模型。
(6)在考虑行人过街的情况下,从城市交通干线的特性出发,探讨与干线相关的各种影响因素,在交通功能、交通安全和环境影响三个准则下,选取评价干线交通管理规划方案的评价指标,对相关的评价指标进行了量化,建立了城市交通干线管理规划方案的综合评价体系,建立了层次分析模型,并将层次分析法应用到模糊综合评价法中,即形成了AHP—模糊综合评价方法。通过对实例的评价发现问题,并提出了改进方案。
In the urban traffic network the intersections are the "bottleneck point" of road network capacity and the places where the traffic accidents take place frequently. And the arterials are the main body in road network and the key factor which guarantees the normal operation of the city’s social and economic activities. The conflicts between pedestrian Mid-block Street Crossing and vehicle portrait traffic in the section of the road cause the increment of vehicles’delay and pedestrians’danger. So it’s necessary to coordinate these two traffic behaviors from the point of time and space occupation. To settle down this practical problem theoretically, the methods of signal coordination control between mid-block street crossing and intersection are researched in this paper.
Based on the China natural science fund item --“methods of optimizing resources of time and interspaces in urban isolated signal intersection”(50378016) and experiences of many urban traffic management practices, also combined with professional planning software TRANSTAR(Traffic Management Version ), the signal coordination control of mid-block street crossing and intersection on the ideal road section is systemically researched in this paper. Thesis main consists are as follows:
(1)After field investigation and survey, the paper analyzes the arriving characteristics according to the different land-use conditions and the traffic characteristics of different crossing entities under different traffic control measures. Also the characteristics of vehicle flows’initialization when the vehicles enter the section of the road are analyzed. The vehicles speed and discreteness characteristics and the influence on the vehicle flows caused by signal control of pedestrian crossing are studied in the paper. (2)The paper puts forward a dynamical model which can describe the walking behaviors of a pedestrian in the crowd based on the mechanism. The model can simulate the pedestrian walk paths which are prearranged from one point to another and individual movement of people entering abruptly narrow sections. The simulated results have a good coincidence with the actual situation.
(3)The paper applies the timing linear control system theory which fits the present traffic situation in China. The Taiping North Road and Zhujiang Road intersection in Nanjing is taken as a typical example,. Based on the field investigation the paper analyze the whole process where the signal timing scheme is formulated and advance the methods to make optimal use of temporal and spatial resources, improve the lane channel design at intersections and optimize the signal timing. Comparing the optimized scheme with the actual one, the results show that this method is practical.
(4)Through analyzing mid-block street crossing and vehicle traffic characteristics. Taking one section on the Taiping North Road in Nanjing as an example, first we analyze the traffic condition, and then appose the method of signal coordination control. The linear optimization models are established to coordinate the signals between the mid-block crossing and intersection to realize the south-to-north one-way signal coordination design basing on traversing empty. Finally an optimal scheme which is superior to the current signal one is put forward. In the paper the numbers of crosswalk in the fixed distances between intersections are also studied. The output of the computer simulation shows this linear control system is effective and practical. The numbers of crosswalk on the arterial road are also discussed with two speeds on one dimension mode in this paper.
(5)This paper focuses on the research of signal coordination of mid-block street crossing and intersection by fuzzy control method. The conversion between car delay and crosswalk delay can be realized according to the vehicles’average actual loadings. So we can treat crosswalk as two-phase intersection. The simulation of the two crosswalks with some field data from Peace Building in Taiping North Road and Zhujiang Road intersection has a satisfactory result. The models are constructed under the idea of two-level hierarchic fuzzy control. The paper also introduces the signal coordination control models under supersaturating
论文以国家自然科学基金项目“单点控制信号交叉口时空资源综合优化利用模式”(50378016)、各城市的交通规划的经验以及东南大学王炜教授开发的的城市交通管理分析软件“交运之星-Transtar”为依托,系统的研究了干道行人过街信号与交叉口信号联动控制方案。全文主要内容如下:
(1)文章首先在实际调查的基础上,详细分析了不同用地性质条件下的过街需求的到达特性和不同交通管制下不同过街实体的交通特性,分析了进入路段的机动车初始流特性,并对机动车在路段中的车速特征、离散性以及路段信号控制人行横道对机动车流的影响进行了研究。
(2)分析基于一种伺服机构的人群中行人的动态交通流模型,分析研究人群中行人的特征,使行人沿预定的路径逐点移动。该模型已被应用于模拟人群中行人的步行和突然进入狭窄空间的个体运动,仿真结果与实测结果拟合良好。
(3)运用适合我国交通现况的定时式线控制系统理论,以南京市太平北路与珠江路的十字典型交叉口为例,在现状调查分析的基础上,具体分析信号配时方案产生的全过程,提出使城市道路单点信号控制交叉口的时空资源得到综合优化利用的交叉口车道渠化方法和信号配时优化方法,通过优化方案与现状进行比较,取得了较好的结果。
(4)通过分析过街交通和机动车交通的交通特性,以南京市太平北路路段为例,根据现状交通状况,提出了基于可穿越空挡的行人过街信号与交叉口信号协调控制的方法,建立了路段行人过街信号与交叉口信号协调控制的线性优划模型,对该路段由南向北方向进行单向协调控制设计,并提出了优于现状控制方案的行人过街信号与交叉口信号协调控制方案;在交叉口间距已定的情况下对人行横道设置的个数进行研究,计算机仿真结果表明了此线控系统的有效性和可行性;最后应用一维二速主干道模型对城市干道的人行横道设置个数进行探讨。
(5)应用实时模糊控制方法对行人过街信号与交叉口信号联动控制仿真进行研究,根据车辆的平均载客数进行车延误与人延误的转换。把人行横道看成简单的两相位的交叉口,最后以太平北路和平大厦-珠江路路段调查的部分数据对两个路口进行仿真,效果良好。应用递阶控制的思想对行人过街信号与交叉口信号联动控制进行建模,同时介绍了过饱和交通下的行人过街信号与交叉口信号联动控制模型。
(6)在考虑行人过街的情况下,从城市交通干线的特性出发,探讨与干线相关的各种影响因素,在交通功能、交通安全和环境影响三个准则下,选取评价干线交通管理规划方案的评价指标,对相关的评价指标进行了量化,建立了城市交通干线管理规划方案的综合评价体系,建立了层次分析模型,并将层次分析法应用到模糊综合评价法中,即形成了AHP—模糊综合评价方法。通过对实例的评价发现问题,并提出了改进方案。
In the urban traffic network the intersections are the "bottleneck point" of road network capacity and the places where the traffic accidents take place frequently. And the arterials are the main body in road network and the key factor which guarantees the normal operation of the city’s social and economic activities. The conflicts between pedestrian Mid-block Street Crossing and vehicle portrait traffic in the section of the road cause the increment of vehicles’delay and pedestrians’danger. So it’s necessary to coordinate these two traffic behaviors from the point of time and space occupation. To settle down this practical problem theoretically, the methods of signal coordination control between mid-block street crossing and intersection are researched in this paper.
Based on the China natural science fund item --“methods of optimizing resources of time and interspaces in urban isolated signal intersection”(50378016) and experiences of many urban traffic management practices, also combined with professional planning software TRANSTAR(Traffic Management Version ), the signal coordination control of mid-block street crossing and intersection on the ideal road section is systemically researched in this paper. Thesis main consists are as follows:
(1)After field investigation and survey, the paper analyzes the arriving characteristics according to the different land-use conditions and the traffic characteristics of different crossing entities under different traffic control measures. Also the characteristics of vehicle flows’initialization when the vehicles enter the section of the road are analyzed. The vehicles speed and discreteness characteristics and the influence on the vehicle flows caused by signal control of pedestrian crossing are studied in the paper. (2)The paper puts forward a dynamical model which can describe the walking behaviors of a pedestrian in the crowd based on the mechanism. The model can simulate the pedestrian walk paths which are prearranged from one point to another and individual movement of people entering abruptly narrow sections. The simulated results have a good coincidence with the actual situation.
(3)The paper applies the timing linear control system theory which fits the present traffic situation in China. The Taiping North Road and Zhujiang Road intersection in Nanjing is taken as a typical example,. Based on the field investigation the paper analyze the whole process where the signal timing scheme is formulated and advance the methods to make optimal use of temporal and spatial resources, improve the lane channel design at intersections and optimize the signal timing. Comparing the optimized scheme with the actual one, the results show that this method is practical.
(4)Through analyzing mid-block street crossing and vehicle traffic characteristics. Taking one section on the Taiping North Road in Nanjing as an example, first we analyze the traffic condition, and then appose the method of signal coordination control. The linear optimization models are established to coordinate the signals between the mid-block crossing and intersection to realize the south-to-north one-way signal coordination design basing on traversing empty. Finally an optimal scheme which is superior to the current signal one is put forward. In the paper the numbers of crosswalk in the fixed distances between intersections are also studied. The output of the computer simulation shows this linear control system is effective and practical. The numbers of crosswalk on the arterial road are also discussed with two speeds on one dimension mode in this paper.
(5)This paper focuses on the research of signal coordination of mid-block street crossing and intersection by fuzzy control method. The conversion between car delay and crosswalk delay can be realized according to the vehicles’average actual loadings. So we can treat crosswalk as two-phase intersection. The simulation of the two crosswalks with some field data from Peace Building in Taiping North Road and Zhujiang Road intersection has a satisfactory result. The models are constructed under the idea of two-level hierarchic fuzzy control. The paper also introduces the signal coordination control models under supersaturating
引文
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