基于海洋可持续发展的中国海洋科技创新战略研究
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摘要
随着地球陆地资源的渐趋减少,拥有丰富资源和可再生能源的海洋,在承载和促进人类社会持续发展中的主角地位日益彰显。作为海洋开发的基本手段和支撑力量,海洋科技也因而成为最具创新活力的重要领域之一和国家竞争的焦点。但传统的仅追求经济发展的海洋科技创新模式在促进海洋资源开发,为人类社会创造巨大财富的同时,也使得海洋资源过度消耗,海洋生态恶化,海洋环境污染急剧,海洋面临沉重的压力和危机。
海洋对于人类生存与发展的重大价值及其资源、生态环境所面临的严峻形势,使得海洋可持续发展成为当今世界海洋开发最为耀眼的主题。建设可持续发展的海洋,要求人们在发展和应用海洋科技谋求海洋利益的同时,必须对海洋科技创新进行生态和伦理视角的系统思考,通过海洋科技政策的创新和变革,激励和引导海洋科技创新范式的生态化转向,以充分强化海洋科技的积极作用,弱化或规避其负面效应,支撑和推动海洋资源、生态、环境、经济及社会的全面协调可持续发展。
当前,中国正处于重要的战略发展机遇期,随着国家工业化和现代化发展步伐的加快,资源和能源的“瓶颈”约束越来越明显和突出。中国是一个海洋大国,可持续发展的海洋对于破解沉重的资源和能源危机,奠定国民经济和社会持续稳定发展的基石具有重大意义,关系到能否建成“海洋强国”以及最终实现“全面小康社会”的奋斗目标。而要实现中国海洋经济、社会与生态的全面协调可持续发展,其根本途径是大力提升海洋科技生态化创新能力和国际竞争力。
适应海洋开发可持续发展的世界大潮流,论文以中国海洋科技创新战略研究为基点,将海洋科技创新与海洋可持续发展紧密的关联在一起,目的在于通过明确海洋科技创新与海洋可持续发展的相互关系为基础,从服务和引领海洋可持续发展的高度,研究提出中国海洋科技生态化创新的战略目标、重点以及优化国家海洋科技创新系统的基本策略,以引导催生特色鲜明、优势显著的海洋科技生态化创新体系,支撑建设可持续发展的中国海洋事业。论文的基本思路是试图勾勒形成以海洋可持续发展为目的、以国家海洋科技创新系统为支撑、以生态化为方向的海洋科技战略创新模式。
论文的主要研究内容包括：
首先,在辨析海洋科技创新与海洋可持续发展内在关联的基础上,针对海洋科技创新双重性特征,提出了生态化创新的观点,尝试建立了海洋科技生态化创新评价指标体系,并对海洋科技生态化创新的基础支撑——国家海洋科技创新系统的概念、结构及功能进行了分析。
其次,围绕物理海洋学、海洋地质与地球物理学、海洋生物学、海洋化学等海洋自然科学基础研究领域及海洋观测、海洋资源开发、海洋能源开发、海洋环境保护等技术开发领域,对国际海洋科技创新进展与发展前景进行了翔实客观的总结分析,研究提出了主要沿海国家海洋科技创新系统建设可供借鉴的经验。
第三,总结分析了中国物理海洋学、海洋地质与地球物理学、海洋生物学、海洋化学等海洋自然科学基础研究领域及海洋观测、海洋资源开发、海洋能源开发、海洋环境保护等技术开发领域的创新进展及问题,研究分析了国家海洋科技创新系统建设现状与不足。
第四,以推动中国海洋可持续发展,满足“海洋强国”建设及实现“全面小康社会”和“创新型”国家需要为目标,以培育和建立生态化海洋科技体系、提升可持续发展支撑能力和国际竞争力为主线,研究提出了中国海洋科技生态化创新未来10年的战略目标、任务和重点。
第五,围绕构建完善的国家海洋科技创新系统并充分发挥其功能,基于国家创新系统理论并充分借鉴国际经验,在科技体制、法规政策、创新平台、科技合作、人才队伍、社会创新意识、战略评估机制等方面,研究提出了一系列优化对策。
通过对以上内容的研究,论文的创新成果可能体现在以下方面：一是通过辨析海洋科技创新与海洋可持续发展之间的内在关联,在海洋可持续发展的目标框架下,提出了海洋科技创新范式生态化转向的观点,初步构建了海洋科技生态化创新评价指标体系；二是在整理分析大量文献材料及广泛征询意见的基础上,对国际海洋科技领域创新进展与发展前景及中国海洋科技创新进展、存在的问题进行了较为翔实客观的比较分析研究；三是研究提出了涉及科技体制、法制环境、创新平台、科技合作、知识产权、人才建设、社会科技意识等方面的优化建议,以期对构建完善的中国国家海洋科技创新系统有所裨益。
As the earth's land resources is becoming less and less,the Ocean which have abundant and renewable energy resources becomes more and more highlight of the protagonist in the bearing and the promotion of the sustainable development of human society. As a basic means of ocean development and support force, thus marine science and technology has and becomes the most important areas of innovation and dynamic competition, and the focus of the state. However, the traditional model which is limited to the economic development of marine science and technology innovation in promoting the development of marine resources and in creating great wealth for human society,while it also makes excessive consumption of marine resources, marine environmental degradation, marine pollution dramatically, and marine facing heavy pressure and crises.
The Ocean for human survival and development of great value and its resources, the ecological environment of the grim situation which makes marine sustainable development to become the most dazzling world's ocean development topics. Building a sustainable development of oceans, which requires that people in the development and application of marine science and technology seek to interests, and meantime it must be the system thinking accompanied by the marine science and technology innovation in ecological and ethical perspective. Through the marine science and technology policy, innovation and change, motivate and guide the marine science and technology innovation, The ecological paradigm shift in order to fully enhance the positive role of marine science and technology, weaken or circumvent its negative effects, support and promotion of marine resources, ecological, environmental, economic and social comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development.
At present, China is at an important period of strategic opportunity for development, national industrialization and modernization along with the accelerated pace of development, for the resources and energy constraints become increasingly evident and prominent. China is a maritime power, the sustainable development of marine resources have the great significance for cracking a heavy energy crisis, laying the economic and social sustainable and steady development of the cornerstone, and related to whether the completion of "sea power" and achieve "comprehensive well-off society" goal. In order to achieve the round, coordinated and sustainable development of China's marine economy, society and ecology, the fundamental approach is to strongly enhance the ecology of marine scientific and technological innovation capability and international competitiveness.
Meeting the trend of the world sustainable development in marine development, this paper is based on the marine science and technology innovation of China's strategic research as we associated with the starting point of marine science and technology innovation and sustainable marine development closely and the aim of the marine scientific and technological innovation to know the sustainable development of ocean the basis of mutual relations from the service and lead of a high degree of sustainable development of oceans, and we study and propose ecological marine science and technology innovation in China's strategic objectives, priority and optimize the basic strategy of the national marine science and technology innovation system, to guide the birth of the marine science and technology with Chinese characteristics, ecological technology innovation system, and to support the building of sustainable development in China's Marine Programs. The basic idea of this paper's outline is to try to form the marine science and technology strategic innovation model of the purpose of a sustainable development of oceans, the support of national marine scientific and technological innovation system and the direction of an ecology.
The major research papers include:
First. We analyze the inter-related between the marine science and technology innovation and sustainable marine development.For the dual characteristics of marine science and technology innovation proposed eco-innovative perspectives, and try to establish a marine science and technology evaluation index system of eco-innovation. And we also analyze the marine science and technology ecological basis of innovation support-National Oceanic and science and technology innovation system, including composition of the main body, elements and functions.
Second. We review and analyze the international maritime Progress in science and technology innovation and the prospect of a full and objective based on physical oceanography, marine geology and geophysics, marine biology, marine chemistry, marine natural science basic research and ocean observation, development of marine resources, ocean energy development, marine environmental protection and other areas of technology development, and draw on some experience.
Third. We analyze the Chinese physical oceanography, marine geology and geophysics, marine biology, marine chemistry, marine natural science basic research and ocean observation, development of marine resources, ocean energy development, marine environmental protection and other areas of technology development the progress of innovation and problems and research and we analyze construction status and inadequate. of China's national marine scientific and technological innovation system.
Fourth. To promote the China National Offshore sustainable development, to meet the "sea power" construction and implementation of "comprehensive well-off society" and "innovation-oriented" countries needed for aim to nurture and build eco-system of marine science and technology to enhance their ability to support sustainable development, and international competitiveness and for the main line We study the proposed eco-innovation in China's marine science and technology over the next 10 years, the strategic objectives, tasks and priorities.
Fifth. We propose a series of optimal strategies focus on building a sound national marine scientific and technological innovation system and give full play to its function, and based on national innovation systems theory and fully learning from international experience in science and technology system, regulations and policies, innovative platform, scientific and technological cooperation, talents, sense of social innovation, strategic assessment mechanisms,
Through the above research papers, the innovations may be embodied in the following areas: First, through the goal of sustainable development in the oceans under the framework between the marine science and technology through innovation and sustainable marine development, we propose marine scientific and technological innovation paradigm shift ecological point of view, and initially build a marine science and technology evaluation index system of eco-innovation; Second we conduct a more detailed summary of an objective analysis on the basis of a large number of literature materials on the international marine science and technology, innovation and progress and prospects for the development and progress of China's marine science and technology innovation, there is a; Third, we study and raise issues related to science and technology system, legal environment, innovation platforms, scientific and technological cooperation, intellectual property, personnel development, social awareness in science and technology optimization recommendations with a view to building a complete National marine science and technology innovation system useful.
海洋对于人类生存与发展的重大价值及其资源、生态环境所面临的严峻形势,使得海洋可持续发展成为当今世界海洋开发最为耀眼的主题。建设可持续发展的海洋,要求人们在发展和应用海洋科技谋求海洋利益的同时,必须对海洋科技创新进行生态和伦理视角的系统思考,通过海洋科技政策的创新和变革,激励和引导海洋科技创新范式的生态化转向,以充分强化海洋科技的积极作用,弱化或规避其负面效应,支撑和推动海洋资源、生态、环境、经济及社会的全面协调可持续发展。
当前,中国正处于重要的战略发展机遇期,随着国家工业化和现代化发展步伐的加快,资源和能源的“瓶颈”约束越来越明显和突出。中国是一个海洋大国,可持续发展的海洋对于破解沉重的资源和能源危机,奠定国民经济和社会持续稳定发展的基石具有重大意义,关系到能否建成“海洋强国”以及最终实现“全面小康社会”的奋斗目标。而要实现中国海洋经济、社会与生态的全面协调可持续发展,其根本途径是大力提升海洋科技生态化创新能力和国际竞争力。
适应海洋开发可持续发展的世界大潮流,论文以中国海洋科技创新战略研究为基点,将海洋科技创新与海洋可持续发展紧密的关联在一起,目的在于通过明确海洋科技创新与海洋可持续发展的相互关系为基础,从服务和引领海洋可持续发展的高度,研究提出中国海洋科技生态化创新的战略目标、重点以及优化国家海洋科技创新系统的基本策略,以引导催生特色鲜明、优势显著的海洋科技生态化创新体系,支撑建设可持续发展的中国海洋事业。论文的基本思路是试图勾勒形成以海洋可持续发展为目的、以国家海洋科技创新系统为支撑、以生态化为方向的海洋科技战略创新模式。
论文的主要研究内容包括：
首先,在辨析海洋科技创新与海洋可持续发展内在关联的基础上,针对海洋科技创新双重性特征,提出了生态化创新的观点,尝试建立了海洋科技生态化创新评价指标体系,并对海洋科技生态化创新的基础支撑——国家海洋科技创新系统的概念、结构及功能进行了分析。
其次,围绕物理海洋学、海洋地质与地球物理学、海洋生物学、海洋化学等海洋自然科学基础研究领域及海洋观测、海洋资源开发、海洋能源开发、海洋环境保护等技术开发领域,对国际海洋科技创新进展与发展前景进行了翔实客观的总结分析,研究提出了主要沿海国家海洋科技创新系统建设可供借鉴的经验。
第三,总结分析了中国物理海洋学、海洋地质与地球物理学、海洋生物学、海洋化学等海洋自然科学基础研究领域及海洋观测、海洋资源开发、海洋能源开发、海洋环境保护等技术开发领域的创新进展及问题,研究分析了国家海洋科技创新系统建设现状与不足。
第四,以推动中国海洋可持续发展,满足“海洋强国”建设及实现“全面小康社会”和“创新型”国家需要为目标,以培育和建立生态化海洋科技体系、提升可持续发展支撑能力和国际竞争力为主线,研究提出了中国海洋科技生态化创新未来10年的战略目标、任务和重点。
第五,围绕构建完善的国家海洋科技创新系统并充分发挥其功能,基于国家创新系统理论并充分借鉴国际经验,在科技体制、法规政策、创新平台、科技合作、人才队伍、社会创新意识、战略评估机制等方面,研究提出了一系列优化对策。
通过对以上内容的研究,论文的创新成果可能体现在以下方面：一是通过辨析海洋科技创新与海洋可持续发展之间的内在关联,在海洋可持续发展的目标框架下,提出了海洋科技创新范式生态化转向的观点,初步构建了海洋科技生态化创新评价指标体系；二是在整理分析大量文献材料及广泛征询意见的基础上,对国际海洋科技领域创新进展与发展前景及中国海洋科技创新进展、存在的问题进行了较为翔实客观的比较分析研究；三是研究提出了涉及科技体制、法制环境、创新平台、科技合作、知识产权、人才建设、社会科技意识等方面的优化建议,以期对构建完善的中国国家海洋科技创新系统有所裨益。
As the earth's land resources is becoming less and less,the Ocean which have abundant and renewable energy resources becomes more and more highlight of the protagonist in the bearing and the promotion of the sustainable development of human society. As a basic means of ocean development and support force, thus marine science and technology has and becomes the most important areas of innovation and dynamic competition, and the focus of the state. However, the traditional model which is limited to the economic development of marine science and technology innovation in promoting the development of marine resources and in creating great wealth for human society,while it also makes excessive consumption of marine resources, marine environmental degradation, marine pollution dramatically, and marine facing heavy pressure and crises.
The Ocean for human survival and development of great value and its resources, the ecological environment of the grim situation which makes marine sustainable development to become the most dazzling world's ocean development topics. Building a sustainable development of oceans, which requires that people in the development and application of marine science and technology seek to interests, and meantime it must be the system thinking accompanied by the marine science and technology innovation in ecological and ethical perspective. Through the marine science and technology policy, innovation and change, motivate and guide the marine science and technology innovation, The ecological paradigm shift in order to fully enhance the positive role of marine science and technology, weaken or circumvent its negative effects, support and promotion of marine resources, ecological, environmental, economic and social comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development.
At present, China is at an important period of strategic opportunity for development, national industrialization and modernization along with the accelerated pace of development, for the resources and energy constraints become increasingly evident and prominent. China is a maritime power, the sustainable development of marine resources have the great significance for cracking a heavy energy crisis, laying the economic and social sustainable and steady development of the cornerstone, and related to whether the completion of "sea power" and achieve "comprehensive well-off society" goal. In order to achieve the round, coordinated and sustainable development of China's marine economy, society and ecology, the fundamental approach is to strongly enhance the ecology of marine scientific and technological innovation capability and international competitiveness.
Meeting the trend of the world sustainable development in marine development, this paper is based on the marine science and technology innovation of China's strategic research as we associated with the starting point of marine science and technology innovation and sustainable marine development closely and the aim of the marine scientific and technological innovation to know the sustainable development of ocean the basis of mutual relations from the service and lead of a high degree of sustainable development of oceans, and we study and propose ecological marine science and technology innovation in China's strategic objectives, priority and optimize the basic strategy of the national marine science and technology innovation system, to guide the birth of the marine science and technology with Chinese characteristics, ecological technology innovation system, and to support the building of sustainable development in China's Marine Programs. The basic idea of this paper's outline is to try to form the marine science and technology strategic innovation model of the purpose of a sustainable development of oceans, the support of national marine scientific and technological innovation system and the direction of an ecology.
The major research papers include:
First. We analyze the inter-related between the marine science and technology innovation and sustainable marine development.For the dual characteristics of marine science and technology innovation proposed eco-innovative perspectives, and try to establish a marine science and technology evaluation index system of eco-innovation. And we also analyze the marine science and technology ecological basis of innovation support-National Oceanic and science and technology innovation system, including composition of the main body, elements and functions.
Second. We review and analyze the international maritime Progress in science and technology innovation and the prospect of a full and objective based on physical oceanography, marine geology and geophysics, marine biology, marine chemistry, marine natural science basic research and ocean observation, development of marine resources, ocean energy development, marine environmental protection and other areas of technology development, and draw on some experience.
Third. We analyze the Chinese physical oceanography, marine geology and geophysics, marine biology, marine chemistry, marine natural science basic research and ocean observation, development of marine resources, ocean energy development, marine environmental protection and other areas of technology development the progress of innovation and problems and research and we analyze construction status and inadequate. of China's national marine scientific and technological innovation system.
Fourth. To promote the China National Offshore sustainable development, to meet the "sea power" construction and implementation of "comprehensive well-off society" and "innovation-oriented" countries needed for aim to nurture and build eco-system of marine science and technology to enhance their ability to support sustainable development, and international competitiveness and for the main line We study the proposed eco-innovation in China's marine science and technology over the next 10 years, the strategic objectives, tasks and priorities.
Fifth. We propose a series of optimal strategies focus on building a sound national marine scientific and technological innovation system and give full play to its function, and based on national innovation systems theory and fully learning from international experience in science and technology system, regulations and policies, innovative platform, scientific and technological cooperation, talents, sense of social innovation, strategic assessment mechanisms,
Through the above research papers, the innovations may be embodied in the following areas: First, through the goal of sustainable development in the oceans under the framework between the marine science and technology through innovation and sustainable marine development, we propose marine scientific and technological innovation paradigm shift ecological point of view, and initially build a marine science and technology evaluation index system of eco-innovation; Second we conduct a more detailed summary of an objective analysis on the basis of a large number of literature materials on the international marine science and technology, innovation and progress and prospects for the development and progress of China's marine science and technology innovation, there is a; Third, we study and raise issues related to science and technology system, legal environment, innovation platforms, scientific and technological cooperation, intellectual property, personnel development, social awareness in science and technology optimization recommendations with a view to building a complete National marine science and technology innovation system useful.
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