宽带掺铒光纤超荧光光源的研究
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摘要
掺铒超荧光光纤光源(ED-SFS)是一种性能优良的宽带光源,它在光纤传感器、光纤探测器、及航天导航级的光纤陀螺仪(FOG)中得到越来越广泛的应用,使掺铒超荧光光纤光源得到了迅速的发展。
本论文对掺铒超荧光光纤光源进行了理论分析,在此基础上对不同结构的C波段、L波段、以及C+L波段超荧光进行了数值模拟和实验研究。主要内容如下:
1、绪论中,介绍了超荧光的形成原理以及目前掺铒光纤超荧光光源国内外的研究现状;
2、模型推导及算法设计:
(1)阐述了ED-SFS的原理和结构,分别推导了在980nm及1480nm泵浦下,铒离子能级的粒子数方程,并列出了简化模型下的ED-SFS沿光纤长度演变的微分方程组和不同超荧光结构的边界条件;
(2)将ED-SFS的模型简化为2N+1维的微分方程组的边值问题,详细介绍了这一边值问题求解算法的内容:打靶法以及改进的Newton迭代公式;
(3)详细推导了数值模拟中初始参数的计算方法,并介绍了算法程序中模块的构成及作用;
3、单程结构C波段超荧光的模拟及实验:
(1)模拟了经典Wysocki参数及C600铒纤参数下单程前向和单程后向结构超荧光的输出特性曲线,并讨论了超荧光的工作机理;
(2)对单程前向和单程后向结构在C波段的超荧光进行了实验研究,其实验结果与理论模拟完全相符。
4、双程前向结构L波段超荧光的模拟及实验:
(1)在L1500高掺杂铒纤的参数条件下,分析了双程前向结构超荧光的输出特性随铒纤长度变化的情况,并从理论上得到了L波段最平坦超荧光输出时的铒纤长度;
(2)对最佳铒纤长度情况进行了L波段超荧光的实验研究,并得到了与模拟情况相符的实验结果;
5、C+L波段超荧光的模拟及实验:
(1)采用将4和5的结构级联,模拟了双级双程结构超荧光的输出谱线,并得到了谱线输出最平坦时的泵浦功率参数;
(2)在模拟的基础上,对双级双程结构以及单级双程结构的超荧光进行了实验研究,并都得到了宽带的超荧光输出;
Erbium-doped Super-fluorescent Fiber Sources ( ED-SFS ) are excellent broad-band fiber source. It is normally used in Fiber Sensing or Fiber Detecting system. Recently,with its excellent traits,more and more ED-SFSs have been applied to the navigational level Fiber of Gyroscopes(FOG),which has largely accelerated the Research and Development of the ED-SFSs.
This thesis chose ED-SFS as the research topic,and introduced the author’s theoretical research on the modeling of ED-SFS. Basing on this,we numerical simulated and experimented with C-band、L-band、C+L-band SFS in different configurations.
The main content can be concluded as follow:
1、In the introduction,we presented the principals of the generation of SFS and the history、also the recent development of ED-SFS.
2、Modeling and Numerical method:
(1) Introduced the principals and configurations of ED-SFS. Then deduced the equations of the energy level of Erbium ions and listed the differential evolution equation set-up for the reduced modeling of ED-SFS under the 980nm and 1480nm pumping respectively.
(2) Treated the reduced modeling of ED-SFS as a boundary value problem of with a number of 2N+1 differential equations. Then detailedly presented the numerical method for this boundary value problem:Shooting method、improved Newton iteration formula.
(3) Derived the computation formulas for the original parameters needed in the simulation,and introduced the main function of the three program modules.
3、Simulation and experimental research in Single pass configuration:
(1) Firstly,we simulated the situation under the classic parameters used by Wysocki,then under the parameters of C600 EDF in our lab. Also we analyzed the working mechanics of the ED-SFS.
(2) Experimental researched in the configurations of SPF and SPB with traditional C-band SFS.
4、Simulation and experimental research in Dual-pass Forward configuration:
(1) Simply introduced the generation principals of the L-band SFS;
本论文对掺铒超荧光光纤光源进行了理论分析,在此基础上对不同结构的C波段、L波段、以及C+L波段超荧光进行了数值模拟和实验研究。主要内容如下:
1、绪论中,介绍了超荧光的形成原理以及目前掺铒光纤超荧光光源国内外的研究现状;
2、模型推导及算法设计:
(1)阐述了ED-SFS的原理和结构,分别推导了在980nm及1480nm泵浦下,铒离子能级的粒子数方程,并列出了简化模型下的ED-SFS沿光纤长度演变的微分方程组和不同超荧光结构的边界条件;
(2)将ED-SFS的模型简化为2N+1维的微分方程组的边值问题,详细介绍了这一边值问题求解算法的内容:打靶法以及改进的Newton迭代公式;
(3)详细推导了数值模拟中初始参数的计算方法,并介绍了算法程序中模块的构成及作用;
3、单程结构C波段超荧光的模拟及实验:
(1)模拟了经典Wysocki参数及C600铒纤参数下单程前向和单程后向结构超荧光的输出特性曲线,并讨论了超荧光的工作机理;
(2)对单程前向和单程后向结构在C波段的超荧光进行了实验研究,其实验结果与理论模拟完全相符。
4、双程前向结构L波段超荧光的模拟及实验:
(1)在L1500高掺杂铒纤的参数条件下,分析了双程前向结构超荧光的输出特性随铒纤长度变化的情况,并从理论上得到了L波段最平坦超荧光输出时的铒纤长度;
(2)对最佳铒纤长度情况进行了L波段超荧光的实验研究,并得到了与模拟情况相符的实验结果;
5、C+L波段超荧光的模拟及实验:
(1)采用将4和5的结构级联,模拟了双级双程结构超荧光的输出谱线,并得到了谱线输出最平坦时的泵浦功率参数;
(2)在模拟的基础上,对双级双程结构以及单级双程结构的超荧光进行了实验研究,并都得到了宽带的超荧光输出;
Erbium-doped Super-fluorescent Fiber Sources ( ED-SFS ) are excellent broad-band fiber source. It is normally used in Fiber Sensing or Fiber Detecting system. Recently,with its excellent traits,more and more ED-SFSs have been applied to the navigational level Fiber of Gyroscopes(FOG),which has largely accelerated the Research and Development of the ED-SFSs.
This thesis chose ED-SFS as the research topic,and introduced the author’s theoretical research on the modeling of ED-SFS. Basing on this,we numerical simulated and experimented with C-band、L-band、C+L-band SFS in different configurations.
The main content can be concluded as follow:
1、In the introduction,we presented the principals of the generation of SFS and the history、also the recent development of ED-SFS.
2、Modeling and Numerical method:
(1) Introduced the principals and configurations of ED-SFS. Then deduced the equations of the energy level of Erbium ions and listed the differential evolution equation set-up for the reduced modeling of ED-SFS under the 980nm and 1480nm pumping respectively.
(2) Treated the reduced modeling of ED-SFS as a boundary value problem of with a number of 2N+1 differential equations. Then detailedly presented the numerical method for this boundary value problem:Shooting method、improved Newton iteration formula.
(3) Derived the computation formulas for the original parameters needed in the simulation,and introduced the main function of the three program modules.
3、Simulation and experimental research in Single pass configuration:
(1) Firstly,we simulated the situation under the classic parameters used by Wysocki,then under the parameters of C600 EDF in our lab. Also we analyzed the working mechanics of the ED-SFS.
(2) Experimental researched in the configurations of SPF and SPB with traditional C-band SFS.
4、Simulation and experimental research in Dual-pass Forward configuration:
(1) Simply introduced the generation principals of the L-band SFS;
引文
[1]曹昌祺,超荧光的基本概念――多原子的合作自发辐射,1988
[2]沈柯,关于超荧光,激光,1981,9:545~550
[3]候国付,李乙钢,掺稀土元素光纤超荧光光源,激光杂志,2002,23:17~20
[4]肖瑞,掺铒光纤光源研究,[硕士学位论文],国防科技大学,2002
[5]E.Desurvire,and J.R.Simpson, “ Amplification of spontaneous emission in Erbium-doped single-mode fibers ” ,lightwave technology,1989,7(5):835~845
[6]E.Desurvire,C.R.Giles,and J.R.Simpson,“Gain saturation effects in high-speed,multichannel Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers at λ=1.53μm”lightwave technology,1989,7(12):2095~2014
[7]P.F.Wysocki,M.J.Digonnet,B.Y.Kim,and H.J.Shaw,characteristics of Erbium-doped superfluorescent fiber sources for inter -ferrometric sensor applications,IEEE Photon Technol ,1994,12:550~557
[8]P.F.Wysocki , R.F.Dalman,M.J.Digonnet,and B.Y.Kim, “ 1.55μm broadband fiber sources pumped near 980nm”,SPIE Fiber Laser Sources and Amplifiers,1990,1373:66~77
[9]P.F.Wysocki,K.Liu,M.J.Digonnet,and B.Y.Kim,“Spectrum thermal stablility of Nd-and Er-doped fiber sources”,SPIE Fiber Laser Sources and Amplifiers,1990,1373:234~245
[10]Paul Francis Wysocki,“Broadband Erbium-doped Fiber Sources For The Fiber-Optic Gyroscope”,[Thesis for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy],Stanford University,1992
[11]D.Hall,et al,“wavelength stability optimization in Er3+-doped superfluorescent fiber source ” ,Electronic Letters,1994, 30(8):653~654
[12]L.A.Wang,et al,“Stable and broadband Er3+-doped superfluorescent fiber source using double pass background configuration” Electronic Letters,1996,32(19):1815~1817
[13]H.J.Patrick,A.D.Kersey,W.K.Burns and R.P.Moellers, “Erbium-doped superfluorescent fiber sources with long period fiber grating wavelength stabilization”,Electronis Letters,1997,33(24):2061~2063
[14]Dominique M.Dagenais,Lew Goldberg,et al,“Wavelength stability characteristics of a High-Power Amplified Superfluorescent Source”,Lightwave technology,1999,17(8):1415~1421
[15]钱景仁等,掺铒光纤超荧光宽带光源的实验研究,中国激光, 1998,25(11):989~992
[16]沈林放,钱景仁,高稳定宽频带掺铒光纤超荧光光源,光学学报, 2001,21(3):300~304
[17]沈林放,钱景仁,双级后向结构铒光纤超荧光光源的理论分析,量子电子学报,2000,17(4):345~349
[18]钱景仁,陈登鹏,前向抽运双级双程掺铒光纤宽带光源,中国激光, 2001,28(12):1075~1078
[19]黄文财,明海等,L 波段掺铒光纤超荧光光源和放大器研究,光电工程, 2002,29(6):50~52
[20]范小波,郝素君等,基于双程方向结构的掺铒超荧光光纤光源,光纤与电缆及其应用技术,2002,3:29~31
[21]肖瑞,冯莹,掺铒光纤光源的模拟算法与改进,量子电子学报, 2004,21(3):360~366
[22]肖瑞,掺铒光纤光源研究,[硕士学位论文],国防科学技术大学,2002
[23]高伟清,蒙红云,一种新颖的反射结构高功率超宽带光纤光源,中国激光, 2004,31(5):591~594
[24]郭小东,乔学光等,一种 C+L 波段高功率掺铒光纤宽带光源,中国激光, 2005,32(5):609~612
[25]Paul F.Wysocki,M.J.F.Digonnet,B.Y.Kim,and H.J.Shaw, “Characteristics of Erbium-doped Superfluorescent Fiber Sources for Interferometrics Sensor Applications”,Journal of lightwave technology,1994,12(3):550~567
[26]Paul Francis Wysocki,“Broadband Erbium-doped Fiber Sources For The Fiber-Optic Gyroscope”,[Thesis for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy],Stanford University,1992,21~23
[27]郭玉彬,王天枢等,铒/镱共掺光纤的超荧光研究,半导体光电, 2004,25(1):39~42
[28]Desurvire E, Erbium-doped Fiber Amplifiers,John Wiley,New York, 1994,87~123
[29]William L.Barnes,Richard I.Laming,et al,“Absorption and Emission Cross Section of Er3+ Doped Silica Fibers”,IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics,1991,27(4):1004~1010
[30]Desurvire E, Erbium-doped Fiber Amplifiers,John Wiley,New York, 1994,chapter(5),131~151
[31]阮宗厉,李洪杰,用初值问题方法求解常微分方程边值问题的数值解, 石油大学学报(自然科学版),2004,28(1):122~131
[32]John H.Mathews,Kurtis D.Fink,数值方法(Matlab 版),电子工业出版社, 2004
[33]李庆扬,非线性方程组数值解法
[34]陈兰平,刘洪伟等,δ2-加速的Broyden计算格式,数学的实践与认识, 2003,33(12):88~91
[35]王颖,可调谐掺铒光纤激光器及超荧光光纤光源的研究,[硕士学位论文],天津大学,2004
[36]I.D.Miller,et al,“A Na-doped cw fiber laser using all-fiber reflection”,Appl. Opt.,1987,26
[37]蔡宗鉴,高功率长波段放大自发性辐射光纤光源之研究,[硕士学位论文],国立中山大学(台湾),2002
[38]谢馨莹,掺铒光纤光源平均波长稳定性之研究,[硕士学位论文],中原大学(台湾),2002
[39]Dario G.Falquier,Erbium Doped Superfluorescent Fiber Sources For The Fiber Optic Gyroscope,[Thesis for Doctor],U.M.I:3000031
[40]黄文财,C+L 波段平坦的掺铒光纤宽带光源和光谱分割梳状多波长光源研究,[博士学位论文],中国科技大学,2003
[41]陈登鹏,长周期光纤光栅和掺铒光纤超荧光光源,[博士学位论文],中国科技大学,2001
[42]Lon A.Wang and C.D.Su,“Modeling of a Double-Pass Backward Er-doped Superfluorescent Fiber Source For Fiber-Optic Gyroscope Application”,Journal of Lightwave Technology, 1999,17(11):2307~2315
[43]L.A.Wang and C.D.Chen,“Characteristics Comparison of Er-Doped Double-pass Superfluorescent Fiber Sources Pumped Near 980nm” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,1997,9(4):446~448
[44]Szu-Chi Tsai,Tseng_chien Tsai,et al, “High Pumping efficiency L-band Erbium-doped Fiber ASE Source using double-pass bidirectional pumping configuration ” ,IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett.,2003,15(2):197~199
[45]Hermann Lin,“High power C+L-band Erbium ASE Source using optical circulator with double-pass and bidirectional pumping configuration”,OSA:Optics Express,2004,12(25)
[2]沈柯,关于超荧光,激光,1981,9:545~550
[3]候国付,李乙钢,掺稀土元素光纤超荧光光源,激光杂志,2002,23:17~20
[4]肖瑞,掺铒光纤光源研究,[硕士学位论文],国防科技大学,2002
[5]E.Desurvire,and J.R.Simpson, “ Amplification of spontaneous emission in Erbium-doped single-mode fibers ” ,lightwave technology,1989,7(5):835~845
[6]E.Desurvire,C.R.Giles,and J.R.Simpson,“Gain saturation effects in high-speed,multichannel Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers at λ=1.53μm”lightwave technology,1989,7(12):2095~2014
[7]P.F.Wysocki,M.J.Digonnet,B.Y.Kim,and H.J.Shaw,characteristics of Erbium-doped superfluorescent fiber sources for inter -ferrometric sensor applications,IEEE Photon Technol ,1994,12:550~557
[8]P.F.Wysocki , R.F.Dalman,M.J.Digonnet,and B.Y.Kim, “ 1.55μm broadband fiber sources pumped near 980nm”,SPIE Fiber Laser Sources and Amplifiers,1990,1373:66~77
[9]P.F.Wysocki,K.Liu,M.J.Digonnet,and B.Y.Kim,“Spectrum thermal stablility of Nd-and Er-doped fiber sources”,SPIE Fiber Laser Sources and Amplifiers,1990,1373:234~245
[10]Paul Francis Wysocki,“Broadband Erbium-doped Fiber Sources For The Fiber-Optic Gyroscope”,[Thesis for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy],Stanford University,1992
[11]D.Hall,et al,“wavelength stability optimization in Er3+-doped superfluorescent fiber source ” ,Electronic Letters,1994, 30(8):653~654
[12]L.A.Wang,et al,“Stable and broadband Er3+-doped superfluorescent fiber source using double pass background configuration” Electronic Letters,1996,32(19):1815~1817
[13]H.J.Patrick,A.D.Kersey,W.K.Burns and R.P.Moellers, “Erbium-doped superfluorescent fiber sources with long period fiber grating wavelength stabilization”,Electronis Letters,1997,33(24):2061~2063
[14]Dominique M.Dagenais,Lew Goldberg,et al,“Wavelength stability characteristics of a High-Power Amplified Superfluorescent Source”,Lightwave technology,1999,17(8):1415~1421
[15]钱景仁等,掺铒光纤超荧光宽带光源的实验研究,中国激光, 1998,25(11):989~992
[16]沈林放,钱景仁,高稳定宽频带掺铒光纤超荧光光源,光学学报, 2001,21(3):300~304
[17]沈林放,钱景仁,双级后向结构铒光纤超荧光光源的理论分析,量子电子学报,2000,17(4):345~349
[18]钱景仁,陈登鹏,前向抽运双级双程掺铒光纤宽带光源,中国激光, 2001,28(12):1075~1078
[19]黄文财,明海等,L 波段掺铒光纤超荧光光源和放大器研究,光电工程, 2002,29(6):50~52
[20]范小波,郝素君等,基于双程方向结构的掺铒超荧光光纤光源,光纤与电缆及其应用技术,2002,3:29~31
[21]肖瑞,冯莹,掺铒光纤光源的模拟算法与改进,量子电子学报, 2004,21(3):360~366
[22]肖瑞,掺铒光纤光源研究,[硕士学位论文],国防科学技术大学,2002
[23]高伟清,蒙红云,一种新颖的反射结构高功率超宽带光纤光源,中国激光, 2004,31(5):591~594
[24]郭小东,乔学光等,一种 C+L 波段高功率掺铒光纤宽带光源,中国激光, 2005,32(5):609~612
[25]Paul F.Wysocki,M.J.F.Digonnet,B.Y.Kim,and H.J.Shaw, “Characteristics of Erbium-doped Superfluorescent Fiber Sources for Interferometrics Sensor Applications”,Journal of lightwave technology,1994,12(3):550~567
[26]Paul Francis Wysocki,“Broadband Erbium-doped Fiber Sources For The Fiber-Optic Gyroscope”,[Thesis for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy],Stanford University,1992,21~23
[27]郭玉彬,王天枢等,铒/镱共掺光纤的超荧光研究,半导体光电, 2004,25(1):39~42
[28]Desurvire E, Erbium-doped Fiber Amplifiers,John Wiley,New York, 1994,87~123
[29]William L.Barnes,Richard I.Laming,et al,“Absorption and Emission Cross Section of Er3+ Doped Silica Fibers”,IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics,1991,27(4):1004~1010
[30]Desurvire E, Erbium-doped Fiber Amplifiers,John Wiley,New York, 1994,chapter(5),131~151
[31]阮宗厉,李洪杰,用初值问题方法求解常微分方程边值问题的数值解, 石油大学学报(自然科学版),2004,28(1):122~131
[32]John H.Mathews,Kurtis D.Fink,数值方法(Matlab 版),电子工业出版社, 2004
[33]李庆扬,非线性方程组数值解法
[34]陈兰平,刘洪伟等,δ2-加速的Broyden计算格式,数学的实践与认识, 2003,33(12):88~91
[35]王颖,可调谐掺铒光纤激光器及超荧光光纤光源的研究,[硕士学位论文],天津大学,2004
[36]I.D.Miller,et al,“A Na-doped cw fiber laser using all-fiber reflection”,Appl. Opt.,1987,26
[37]蔡宗鉴,高功率长波段放大自发性辐射光纤光源之研究,[硕士学位论文],国立中山大学(台湾),2002
[38]谢馨莹,掺铒光纤光源平均波长稳定性之研究,[硕士学位论文],中原大学(台湾),2002
[39]Dario G.Falquier,Erbium Doped Superfluorescent Fiber Sources For The Fiber Optic Gyroscope,[Thesis for Doctor],U.M.I:3000031
[40]黄文财,C+L 波段平坦的掺铒光纤宽带光源和光谱分割梳状多波长光源研究,[博士学位论文],中国科技大学,2003
[41]陈登鹏,长周期光纤光栅和掺铒光纤超荧光光源,[博士学位论文],中国科技大学,2001
[42]Lon A.Wang and C.D.Su,“Modeling of a Double-Pass Backward Er-doped Superfluorescent Fiber Source For Fiber-Optic Gyroscope Application”,Journal of Lightwave Technology, 1999,17(11):2307~2315
[43]L.A.Wang and C.D.Chen,“Characteristics Comparison of Er-Doped Double-pass Superfluorescent Fiber Sources Pumped Near 980nm” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,1997,9(4):446~448
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