基于Google Earth的风暴潮洪水演进动态可视化研究
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摘要
风暴潮灾害对于社会经济发展具有极大的危害性,因此前瞻性地对风暴潮灾害的洪水演进过程进行分析,对于制定沿海地区的社会经济发展规划具有重大意义。本文基于Google Earth软件,采用WebGIS技术框架和VC++编程语言,以天津市滨海新区为例,开展了基于Google Earth的风暴潮洪水演进动态可视化系统的研究。本文主要研究内容和取得成果如下:
(1)提出了ArcGIS与Google Earth结合的防潮工程基础数据数字化的基本思路与方法,不仅实现了地形、滨海新区地貌、海堤及其他防潮工程的数字化建模,而且实现了Google Earth中地理数据基础数据库的导入与整合;并基于SketchUp、3DMax及AutoCAD软件,实现了海堤及防潮工程三维可视化,及其与Google Earth卫星遥感影像和航拍图像的有效耦合,可直观形象地反映各典型建筑物的外观及构造。
(2)构造了风暴潮洪水演进数字模型,以及堤防溃决和越浪情况下的风暴潮溃口进水量计算模型,利用GIS建立的研究区域三维地形模型,采用种子蔓延算法,提出了任意溃口下风暴潮洪水淹进模拟方法,不仅克服了溃口位置事先确定情况下不能反映实际中溃口动态变化的弊端,而且实现了风暴潮洪水演进过程的动态可视化。
(3)设计了风暴潮洪水演进动态可视化系统的总体框架;基于MFC应用程序框架开发了相关的系统模块,解决了Google Earth视图嵌入、溃口位置交互确定、种子蔓延算法的程序实现等技术问题;通过KML文件的编制,实现了风暴潮洪水演进过程的动态可视化显示和淹没范围、水深的交互查询等,并以天津市滨海新区为例开展应用研究,可为滨海地区海堤规划设计及风暴潮防灾减灾提供决策支持。
Since the great harmfulness of storm surge disaster to the social and economic development, analyzing flood routing process of storm surge disaster is greatly significant for social-economic development planning in costal area. Therefore, employing Google Earth software, WebGIS technology framework and VC++ programming, taking Binhai New Area as a case, the study on dynamic visualization system of storm surge flood routing based on Google Earth is carried out in this paper. The main contents and achievements are as follows:
(1) The method of ArcGIS and Google Earth-based digitalization of tidal defense engineering data is proposed. Therefore, not only the digital model of terrain, topography of Binhai New Area, seawall and other tidal defense engineering are established, but also the corresponding geographic information database can be imported and integrated into Google Earth. Meanwhile, based on SketchUp, 3DMax and AutoCAD software, three-dimensional visualization of seawall and other tidal defense engineering, and their effective coupling with satellite remote images and aerial images are achieved, which can reflect the buildings and their appearance intuitively.
(2) Digital model of storm surge flood routing and calculation model of breach inflow in the case of dike-break and wave overtopping are established. By employing GIS-based 3D terrain model of study area and seed spread algorithm, a simulation method of storm surge flood routing with an arbitrary breach is presented. The method can not only consider the change of breach in practice, but also realize the dynamic visualization of flood routing process.
(3) An overall framework of dynamic visualization system of flood routing process is designed. System modules are developed by using MFC to solve technical problems such as embedment of Google Earth view into the system, interactive locating of seawall breach and the implement of seed spread algorithm. Dynamic visualization of flood routing process and interactive query of submerged area and water depth are achieved through documenting KML files. Furthermore, its application to Binhai New Area is done to provide the decision-making support for costal seawall design and storm surge flood prevention and mitigation.
(1)提出了ArcGIS与Google Earth结合的防潮工程基础数据数字化的基本思路与方法,不仅实现了地形、滨海新区地貌、海堤及其他防潮工程的数字化建模,而且实现了Google Earth中地理数据基础数据库的导入与整合;并基于SketchUp、3DMax及AutoCAD软件,实现了海堤及防潮工程三维可视化,及其与Google Earth卫星遥感影像和航拍图像的有效耦合,可直观形象地反映各典型建筑物的外观及构造。
(2)构造了风暴潮洪水演进数字模型,以及堤防溃决和越浪情况下的风暴潮溃口进水量计算模型,利用GIS建立的研究区域三维地形模型,采用种子蔓延算法,提出了任意溃口下风暴潮洪水淹进模拟方法,不仅克服了溃口位置事先确定情况下不能反映实际中溃口动态变化的弊端,而且实现了风暴潮洪水演进过程的动态可视化。
(3)设计了风暴潮洪水演进动态可视化系统的总体框架;基于MFC应用程序框架开发了相关的系统模块,解决了Google Earth视图嵌入、溃口位置交互确定、种子蔓延算法的程序实现等技术问题;通过KML文件的编制,实现了风暴潮洪水演进过程的动态可视化显示和淹没范围、水深的交互查询等,并以天津市滨海新区为例开展应用研究,可为滨海地区海堤规划设计及风暴潮防灾减灾提供决策支持。
Since the great harmfulness of storm surge disaster to the social and economic development, analyzing flood routing process of storm surge disaster is greatly significant for social-economic development planning in costal area. Therefore, employing Google Earth software, WebGIS technology framework and VC++ programming, taking Binhai New Area as a case, the study on dynamic visualization system of storm surge flood routing based on Google Earth is carried out in this paper. The main contents and achievements are as follows:
(1) The method of ArcGIS and Google Earth-based digitalization of tidal defense engineering data is proposed. Therefore, not only the digital model of terrain, topography of Binhai New Area, seawall and other tidal defense engineering are established, but also the corresponding geographic information database can be imported and integrated into Google Earth. Meanwhile, based on SketchUp, 3DMax and AutoCAD software, three-dimensional visualization of seawall and other tidal defense engineering, and their effective coupling with satellite remote images and aerial images are achieved, which can reflect the buildings and their appearance intuitively.
(2) Digital model of storm surge flood routing and calculation model of breach inflow in the case of dike-break and wave overtopping are established. By employing GIS-based 3D terrain model of study area and seed spread algorithm, a simulation method of storm surge flood routing with an arbitrary breach is presented. The method can not only consider the change of breach in practice, but also realize the dynamic visualization of flood routing process.
(3) An overall framework of dynamic visualization system of flood routing process is designed. System modules are developed by using MFC to solve technical problems such as embedment of Google Earth view into the system, interactive locating of seawall breach and the implement of seed spread algorithm. Dynamic visualization of flood routing process and interactive query of submerged area and water depth are achieved through documenting KML files. Furthermore, its application to Binhai New Area is done to provide the decision-making support for costal seawall design and storm surge flood prevention and mitigation.
引文
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[3] Jian Chen, Arleen A Hill, Lensy D Urbano. A GIS-based model for urban flood inundation [J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2009, 373(1-2): 184-192
[4] Bheshem Ramlal, Serwan M J Baban. Developing a GIS based integrated approach to flood management in Trinidad, West Indies [J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2008, 88(4): 1131-1140
[5] Venkatesh Merwade, Aaron Cook, Julie Coonrod. GIS techniques for creating river terrain models for hydrodynamic modeling and flood inundation mapping [J]. Environmental Modelling & Software, 2008, 23(10-11): 1300-1311
[6] Y B Liu, S Gebremeskel, F De Smedt et al. A diffusive transport approach for flow routing in GIS-based flood modeling [J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2003, 283(1-4): 91-106
[7] Julien Lhomme, Christophe Bouvier, Jean-Louis Perrin. Applying a GIS-based geomorphological routing model in urban catchments [J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2004, 299(3-4): 203–216
[8] Honghai Qi, M S Altinakar. A GIS-based decision support system for integrated flood management under uncertainty with two dimensional numerical simulations [J]. Environmental Modelling & Software, 2011, 26(6): 817-821
[9]刘仁义,刘南.基于GIS的复杂地形洪水淹没区计算方法[J].地理学报,2001,56(1):1-6
[10]葛小平,许有鹏,张琪等.GIS支持下的洪水淹没范围模拟[J].水科学进展,2002,13(2):456-460
[11]丁志雄,李纪人,李琳.基于GIS格网模型的洪水淹没分析方法[J].水利学报,2004(6):56-60
[12]董文锋,袁艳斌,杜迎泽等.流域三维地形仿真及洪水演进动态模拟[J].水电能源科学2001,19(3):37-39
[13]吴迪军,孙海燕,黄全义等.河道洪水演进数值模拟及其在GIS平台上的可视化[J].测绘科学,2009,34(6):242-243
[14]蓝绍敏.流域洪水演进方法研究与仿真实现[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2009
[15]张瑞.Google Earth在道路及规划设计中的应用[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2007
[16]李旭文,黎刚,缪蓓蓓.Google Earth和ArcGIS 9.2软件在太湖水污染及蓝藻监测数据展现中的应用[J].国土资源遥感,2008,75:97-99
[17]李云星,张坤.Google Earth在地质灾害信息管理中的应用[J].湖南理工学院学报(自然科学版),2007,20(2):81-83
[18]郭正鑫,张祖陆,赵璐.基于GE&GIS技术的三维可视化校园地理信息系统设计与实现[J].资源开发与市场,2008,24(11):961-964
[19]文东新.Google Earth在森林消防管理中的应用[J].林业实用技术,2006(7):26-27
[20]余丰华,姜云.Google Earth在浙江省地质灾害管理中的应用[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2007,18(3):98-103
[21]邓加娜,胡茂林,莫平浩等.数字地球及其在电力勘测设计中的应用[J].电力勘测设计,2006(5):48-52
[22]张斌,艾南山,黄正文等.中国嘉陵江河曲的形态与成因[J].科学通报,2007,52(22):2671-2682
[23]许捍卫,房晓亮,任家勇等.基于SketchUp的城市三维建模技术[J].测绘科学,2011,36(1):213-214
[24]宋洁华,赵志忠,李婷等.基于SketchUp的虚拟城市三维建模[J].海南师范大学学报自然科学版,2010,23(3):334-337
[25]潘万彬.虚拟楼盘展示在SketchUp上的设计与实现[J].机电工程,2010,27(8):118-121
[26]柴贵海,廖邦洪,胡庭兴.基于SketchUp和ArcGIS对虚拟校园的设计与实现[J].测绘科学,2009,34(6):270-270
[27]黄海峰,易武,曾怀恩.利用Google SketchUp快速构建滑坡三维模型[J].地球与环境,2010,38(3):333-338
[28]李刚,牛坤.SketchUp在虚拟山地建模中的应用[J].地理空间信息,2011,9(5):62-63
[29]袁薇.利用SketchUp制作三维地形景观的探讨[J].测绘,2011,34(1):11-13
[30]赵永国,刘志霞.SketchUp构建高速公路重点结构物三维GIS研究[J].公路与汽运,2009(6):149-151
[31] Wolk R M. Utilizing Google Earth and Google SketchUp to visualize wind farms[J]. Technology and Society, 2008(6): 1-8
[32] Kaewmoracharoen M, Strong K. Feasibility of Visualization and Simulation Applications to Improve Work Zone Safety and Mobility[A]. Canadian Society for Civil Engineering - Annual Conference of the Canadian Society for Civil Engineering 2008 - "Partnership for Innovation"[C]. Canada: Canadian Society for Civil Engineering, 2008. 328-338
[33] Bailey K, Brumm J, and Grossardt T. Integrating Visualization into Structured Public Involvement: Case study of highway improvement in Central Kentucky [J]. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2002. 50-57
[34] Fischer M, Haymaker J, and Liston K. Benefits of 3D and 4D Models for Facility Managers and AEC Service Providers, in book 4D CAD and Visualization in Construction: Developments and Applications[M]. Leiden, The Netherlands: Balkema Publishers, 2003
[35] Fontaine Michael D. Guidelines for Application of Portable Work Zone Intelligent Transportation Systems[J]. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2003. 15-22
[36] Katherine A Liapi. 4D visualization of highway construction projects.Information Visualization[A]. Information Visualization. Seventh International Conference on[C]. London,United Kingdom, 2003. 639-644
[37]康斌.溃坝灾害数据库系统和信息可视化分析研究[D].天津:天津大学,2008
[38]刘珍,刘建勋.浅谈Google Earth二次开发技术[J].地理空间信息,2009,7(4):72-74
[39]张文婷,张行南,刘永志等.基于GIS的风暴潮洪水风险分析系统研究[J].水电能源科学,2008,26(2):44-47
[40]胡瑞鹏,黄少华,王迅.GIS在洪水淹没灾害评估中的应用[J].水利水文自动化,2008(2):6-8
[41]魏毓洁,巫丛,蔡如.SketchUp在工程设计专业教学和实践中的应用[J].科技情报开发与经济,2006,16(8):248-249
[42]吴凡.基于DEM的地形推理[D].湖北:华中科技大学,2010
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