信号交叉口公交优先控制策略研究
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摘要
目前城市交通供求矛盾日益突出,公共交通以其不可替代的优势成为城市交通的首选方式。公交优先是新的城市交通战略核心与基础,是智能交通系统中先进的公共交通系统的一个重要组成部分,也是缓解城市交通问题的有效途径之一。
论文首先对公交优先的发展现状做出了总体的分析和预测,然后从多个方面对公交优先控制策略进行分析,并对公交信号优先系统的各个组成部分进行了探讨。
论文针对当前公共交通控制系统中存在的问题,提出了基于模糊控制的公交优先信号控制系统;针对信号交叉口交通流运行的高度复杂性和随机性,采用了模糊控制技术,不需要建立精确的数学模型,能够适应信号交叉口的实时控制。
论文设计了一种具备相序优化功能的公交优先模糊控制系统,引入相序优化模块,运用模糊控制器和相序优化器联合对信号交叉口实现动态智能信号控制,前者用来决定改变当前绿灯相位的时刻,后者从相序中根据优先权的大小决定下一个放行相位;并利用MATLAB中的fuzzy logic工具箱分别设计了绿灯延时模糊控制模块和相序优化模块;最后利用MATLAB建立了具备相序优化功能的公交优先模糊推理系统(FIS),并对定时控制和公交优先智能信号控制进行了仿真比较,结果表明:公交优先信号控制方式能有效地减少乘客在信号交叉口的平均等待时间,实现公交车辆在时间通行权上的优先,能有效地减少所有车辆在信号交叉口的平均车辆延误。
The contravention of urban transportation between supply and demand becoming more and more conspicuous and serious in recent years, public traffic becomes the first choice of urban transportation because of its irreplaceable advantage. Bus priority is the basis and core of the new strategic planning of urban transportation, and it's an important component of the advanced pubic traffic system in the intelligent transportation system, and also it's one of the effective ways of alleviating the urban traffic problem.
This paper analyzes and forecasts the present situation of research on bus signal priority at intersections at first, and the bus priority strategy is analyzed in several aspects, and then each components of the bus priority system is discussed.
In allusion to the problems in the public traffic control system, this paper presents the bus priority signal control system based on fuzzy control. To the high complexity and randomicity of the traffic flow, fuzzy control technology is adopted to adapt the real-time control, without setting up an accurate math model.
The bus priority fuzzy control system based on optimization of phase sequence is designed in the paper. The phase-sequence optimizing module is introduced. The phase sequencer operates intelligently and dynamically in conjunction to the fuzzy logic controller for traffic systems. While the fuzzy logic controller decides the desirability of a change of phase, the phase sequencer decides the next phase among the possible ones. The fuzzy logic controller and the phase sequencer are designed by making use of fuzzy logic toolbox of MATLAB. Finally, bus priority fuzzy inference system based on the phase sequencer is established by MATLAB, and then the time control and the bus priority control are compared by simulation. The simulation result shows that this method can lower passengers' average waiting time, and achieve the bus priority of the time right-of-way at the intersection, and reduce vehicle average delay effectively.
论文首先对公交优先的发展现状做出了总体的分析和预测,然后从多个方面对公交优先控制策略进行分析,并对公交信号优先系统的各个组成部分进行了探讨。
论文针对当前公共交通控制系统中存在的问题,提出了基于模糊控制的公交优先信号控制系统;针对信号交叉口交通流运行的高度复杂性和随机性,采用了模糊控制技术,不需要建立精确的数学模型,能够适应信号交叉口的实时控制。
论文设计了一种具备相序优化功能的公交优先模糊控制系统,引入相序优化模块,运用模糊控制器和相序优化器联合对信号交叉口实现动态智能信号控制,前者用来决定改变当前绿灯相位的时刻,后者从相序中根据优先权的大小决定下一个放行相位;并利用MATLAB中的fuzzy logic工具箱分别设计了绿灯延时模糊控制模块和相序优化模块;最后利用MATLAB建立了具备相序优化功能的公交优先模糊推理系统(FIS),并对定时控制和公交优先智能信号控制进行了仿真比较,结果表明:公交优先信号控制方式能有效地减少乘客在信号交叉口的平均等待时间,实现公交车辆在时间通行权上的优先,能有效地减少所有车辆在信号交叉口的平均车辆延误。
The contravention of urban transportation between supply and demand becoming more and more conspicuous and serious in recent years, public traffic becomes the first choice of urban transportation because of its irreplaceable advantage. Bus priority is the basis and core of the new strategic planning of urban transportation, and it's an important component of the advanced pubic traffic system in the intelligent transportation system, and also it's one of the effective ways of alleviating the urban traffic problem.
This paper analyzes and forecasts the present situation of research on bus signal priority at intersections at first, and the bus priority strategy is analyzed in several aspects, and then each components of the bus priority system is discussed.
In allusion to the problems in the public traffic control system, this paper presents the bus priority signal control system based on fuzzy control. To the high complexity and randomicity of the traffic flow, fuzzy control technology is adopted to adapt the real-time control, without setting up an accurate math model.
The bus priority fuzzy control system based on optimization of phase sequence is designed in the paper. The phase-sequence optimizing module is introduced. The phase sequencer operates intelligently and dynamically in conjunction to the fuzzy logic controller for traffic systems. While the fuzzy logic controller decides the desirability of a change of phase, the phase sequencer decides the next phase among the possible ones. The fuzzy logic controller and the phase sequencer are designed by making use of fuzzy logic toolbox of MATLAB. Finally, bus priority fuzzy inference system based on the phase sequencer is established by MATLAB, and then the time control and the bus priority control are compared by simulation. The simulation result shows that this method can lower passengers' average waiting time, and achieve the bus priority of the time right-of-way at the intersection, and reduce vehicle average delay effectively.
引文
[1]柳祖鹏,丁卫东,朱晓宏.交叉口公交优先信号控制系统研究[J].武汉科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,(5):65-68
[2]张卫华,石琴,刘强.公交优先信号交叉口延误计算与配时优化方法[J].上海微电子技术和应用,2004,21(4):30-33
[3]杨晓光,周光伟,杭明升.公交优先技术方法[J].城市交通,2002,2:3-5
[4]陆建.公交车专用道设置条件研究[J].交通标准化,2003(1):59-61
[5]关伟,申金升,葛芳.公交优先的信号控制策略研究[J].系统工程学报,2001,6(16):176-180
[6]张卫华,黄艳君,胡刚.城市公共交通专用道设置标准的探讨[J].交通标准化,2003(7):33-36
[7]季彦婕,邓卫.交叉口预信号公交优先方案及效益评价[J].华中科技大学学报(城市科学版),2003,20(1):83-84,96
[8]Jian-ping WU,Nick HOUNSELL.Analysis of Traffic at Pre-Signalised Intersections(part Ⅰ)[J].Journal of Transportation Engineering and Information,2003,1(1):37-40
[9]Jianping Wu and Nick Hounsell.Bus priority using pre-signals[J].Transportation Research 32(1998),563-583
[10]Pitu Mirchandani,Larry Head,Anna Knyazyan.An approach towards the intergration of bus priority and traffic adaptive signal control[J].Transportation Research Board,2000
[11]C P Pappis,E H Mamdani.A fuzzy logic controller for a traffic junction[J].IEEE Trans on Systems,Man and Cybernetics,1977,7(10):707-717
[12]陈森发,毛岚.城市交通信号灯模糊线控制及仿真[J].系统仿真学报,2000,12(6):17-22
[13]徐建闽,舒宁,尹宏宾.新型模糊控制算法在交叉口信号控制中的应用[J].华南理工大学报,2000,6(28):1-5
[14]徐冬玲,方建安,邵世煌.交通系统的模糊控制及其神经网络实现[J].信息与控制,1992,668-670.
[15]李秀平,刘智勇,吴今培.平面交叉口的神经网络自学习控制方案[J].信息与控 制,2001,2(30):76-79
[16]王殿海.交通流理论[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002,9,132-136.
[17]邵长桥.平面信号交叉口延误分析[D].北京工业博士学位论文,2002,6,P29-33
[18]张卫华,陆化普,石琴,刘强.公交优先的信号交叉口配时优化方法[J].交通运输工程学报,2004,4(3):51-53
[19]赵月,陈方红.关于公交优先措施的研究[J].公共交通,2005,7:61
[20]张明哲,姚冬苹,翟志强.公交优先中的车辆选择检测系统研究[J].城市公共交通,2004(1),12
[21]孙泰屹,丁卫东,朱晓宏等.适用于公交车辆的定位技术研究[J].城市车辆,2004,(06):62-63
[22]刘智勇.智能交通控制理论及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:10-12
[23]杜爱月.基于模糊控制的交通信号控制系统及仿真的研究[D].长安大学博士学位论文,2004,6,67
[24]柳祖鹏.交叉口公交优先智能信号控制系统研究[D].武汉科技大学学位论文.2005
[25]阴炳成,杨晓光.交叉口单点公共汽车交通优先控制方法研究[J].公路交通科技,2005,12(22):123
[26]肖田元,张燕云,陈加栋.系统仿真导论[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000
[27]Jee-H yong,Lee.Distributed and Cooperative Fuzzy Controllers for Traffic Intersections Group.IEEE Transactions on System.1999,29(12):263-271
[28]楼顺天,胡昌华,张伟.基于MATLAB的系统分析与设计-模糊系统[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2001
[29]谈蔚欣,郑应文.城市单交叉路口信号灯的模糊控制[J].福州大学学报(自然科学版),2006,2(34):74-75
[30]徐建闽,舒宁,尹宏宾.新型模糊控制算法在交叉口信号控制中的应用[J].华南理工大学学报,2000,28(6):1-5
[31]刘智勇,朱劲,李秀平等.单交叉口的多相位模糊控制[J].信息与控制,1999,28(6):453-458
[32]陈洪,陈森发.单路口交通实时模糊控制的一种方法[J].信息与控制,1997,26(3):229-233
[33]陈森发,陈洪,徐吉谦.城市单路口交通的两级模糊控制及其仿真[J].系统仿真 学报,1998,10(2):35-40
[34]Mohamed B Trabia,Maraliande.A two-stage fuzzy logic controller for traffic signals.Transportation Research,1999.6(7):353-369
[2]张卫华,石琴,刘强.公交优先信号交叉口延误计算与配时优化方法[J].上海微电子技术和应用,2004,21(4):30-33
[3]杨晓光,周光伟,杭明升.公交优先技术方法[J].城市交通,2002,2:3-5
[4]陆建.公交车专用道设置条件研究[J].交通标准化,2003(1):59-61
[5]关伟,申金升,葛芳.公交优先的信号控制策略研究[J].系统工程学报,2001,6(16):176-180
[6]张卫华,黄艳君,胡刚.城市公共交通专用道设置标准的探讨[J].交通标准化,2003(7):33-36
[7]季彦婕,邓卫.交叉口预信号公交优先方案及效益评价[J].华中科技大学学报(城市科学版),2003,20(1):83-84,96
[8]Jian-ping WU,Nick HOUNSELL.Analysis of Traffic at Pre-Signalised Intersections(part Ⅰ)[J].Journal of Transportation Engineering and Information,2003,1(1):37-40
[9]Jianping Wu and Nick Hounsell.Bus priority using pre-signals[J].Transportation Research 32(1998),563-583
[10]Pitu Mirchandani,Larry Head,Anna Knyazyan.An approach towards the intergration of bus priority and traffic adaptive signal control[J].Transportation Research Board,2000
[11]C P Pappis,E H Mamdani.A fuzzy logic controller for a traffic junction[J].IEEE Trans on Systems,Man and Cybernetics,1977,7(10):707-717
[12]陈森发,毛岚.城市交通信号灯模糊线控制及仿真[J].系统仿真学报,2000,12(6):17-22
[13]徐建闽,舒宁,尹宏宾.新型模糊控制算法在交叉口信号控制中的应用[J].华南理工大学报,2000,6(28):1-5
[14]徐冬玲,方建安,邵世煌.交通系统的模糊控制及其神经网络实现[J].信息与控制,1992,668-670.
[15]李秀平,刘智勇,吴今培.平面交叉口的神经网络自学习控制方案[J].信息与控 制,2001,2(30):76-79
[16]王殿海.交通流理论[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002,9,132-136.
[17]邵长桥.平面信号交叉口延误分析[D].北京工业博士学位论文,2002,6,P29-33
[18]张卫华,陆化普,石琴,刘强.公交优先的信号交叉口配时优化方法[J].交通运输工程学报,2004,4(3):51-53
[19]赵月,陈方红.关于公交优先措施的研究[J].公共交通,2005,7:61
[20]张明哲,姚冬苹,翟志强.公交优先中的车辆选择检测系统研究[J].城市公共交通,2004(1),12
[21]孙泰屹,丁卫东,朱晓宏等.适用于公交车辆的定位技术研究[J].城市车辆,2004,(06):62-63
[22]刘智勇.智能交通控制理论及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:10-12
[23]杜爱月.基于模糊控制的交通信号控制系统及仿真的研究[D].长安大学博士学位论文,2004,6,67
[24]柳祖鹏.交叉口公交优先智能信号控制系统研究[D].武汉科技大学学位论文.2005
[25]阴炳成,杨晓光.交叉口单点公共汽车交通优先控制方法研究[J].公路交通科技,2005,12(22):123
[26]肖田元,张燕云,陈加栋.系统仿真导论[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000
[27]Jee-H yong,Lee.Distributed and Cooperative Fuzzy Controllers for Traffic Intersections Group.IEEE Transactions on System.1999,29(12):263-271
[28]楼顺天,胡昌华,张伟.基于MATLAB的系统分析与设计-模糊系统[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2001
[29]谈蔚欣,郑应文.城市单交叉路口信号灯的模糊控制[J].福州大学学报(自然科学版),2006,2(34):74-75
[30]徐建闽,舒宁,尹宏宾.新型模糊控制算法在交叉口信号控制中的应用[J].华南理工大学学报,2000,28(6):1-5
[31]刘智勇,朱劲,李秀平等.单交叉口的多相位模糊控制[J].信息与控制,1999,28(6):453-458
[32]陈洪,陈森发.单路口交通实时模糊控制的一种方法[J].信息与控制,1997,26(3):229-233
[33]陈森发,陈洪,徐吉谦.城市单路口交通的两级模糊控制及其仿真[J].系统仿真 学报,1998,10(2):35-40
[34]Mohamed B Trabia,Maraliande.A two-stage fuzzy logic controller for traffic signals.Transportation Research,1999.6(7):353-369