大型水电工程区库岸滑坡形成机理与水作用影响研究
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摘要
库岸滑坡是水利水电工程区地质灾害防治的重点,库岸滑坡与普通滑坡相比,其最大的特点就是受水的作用影响较大,因而从库岸滑坡形成中的主导因素水作用出发,来研究库岸滑坡的形成机理,是目前许多大型水利水电工程建设中迫切需要解决的技术难题。本文以库岸滑坡形成机理及水作用影响为研究主题,在全面了解国内外研究现状和广泛收集前人研究资料的基础上,以我国中、西部的大型水电工程区为研究对象,结合典型库岸滑坡实例,通过调查研究、试验分析、数值模拟和理论分析等多种理论和方法,对水作用下库岸滑坡的形成机理进行了研究。具体研究内容如下：
(1)结合地质学、工程地质学、岩体力学、土力学、地下水动力学等理论知识,并参考了大量相关文献,详尽分析了降雨、库水和地下水对库岸滑坡的作用,总结了库岸滑坡的类型和特征。结合水作用因素,深入研究了典型库岸滑坡的坡体结构特征和主要变形破坏模式。提出了9种库岸滑坡坡体结构和17种典型库岸滑坡变形破坏模式。
(2)根据典型库岸滑坡变形破坏过程中,水作用因素的影响程度不同,将水作用下的库岸滑坡形成机理分为：降雨作用主导型、库水作用主导型、地下水作用主导型、联合作用型四个类型。
(3)一般库水位升降条件下,库岸坡体内的地下水渗流属于线性非稳定流。本文运用精度较高的Boussinesq方程第二种线性化方法推导出了库水位升降时,库岸坡体内地下水浸润线的解析解。并推导了隔水底板倾斜时的裘布依公式和Boussinesq方程的表达式。如果库水位的升降幅度较大、速度较快或库岸坡体物质较为松散(孔隙、裂隙较多),这时库岸坡体内外的水力坡度通常较大,地下水渗流的雷诺数(Re)通常>3-10,地下水的渗流不再遵从达西定律,而表现为非线性流动。本文引入了Forchheimer方程法,并推导出了库水位下降时,库岸坡体内地下水浸润线的行波法解析解。
(4)对于有长期地下水位监测数据的库岸坡体,本文在时间序列法和速率分析法的基础上,建立了预测的地下水位的非线性组合模型。
(5)运用地质力学分析、数值模拟、滑坡监测、试验分析等理论方法和手段,研究了库水作用主导型库岸滑坡、降雨作用主导型库岸滑坡和地下水作用主导型库岸滑坡的主导水诱发因素、变形特征、发展趋势和形成机理,并阐明了库岸滑坡形成中主导水作用因素的判定方法和依据。
In the reservoir areas, one of the emphases of geological disasters control is landslides. Comparing to ordinary landslides, the outstanding feature of reservoir landslides is greatly effected by water. So in the region of hydropower engineering, how to research the mechanism of reservoir landslides got water effect, that is difficult problem needing to solve imminently. Based on comprehensive collection and analysis about the research status and achievements at home and abroad, this thesis studied the mechanism of reservoir landslides effected by water. Applying the theories and methods of investigation, experiment analysis, numerical simulation, theoretical knowledge and so on, the typical reservoir landslides were studied in the regions of large-scale hydropower engineering. The main research results include:
(1) This article summarized the types and characteristics of reservoir landslides, according to the effect of rainfall, reservoir water and ground water. First consult plentiful documents, then put to use the theoretical knowledge of geological engineering, landslides, rock mass mechanics and ground water dynamics and so on. The characteristics of slope structure and the main models of deformation failure were in-depth analysis, combining water effect. Advance 9 kinds of slope structures and 17 kinds of models of deformation failure on reservoir landslides.
(2) As the effect of water in various degree might be, reservoir landslides was divided into four types:rainfall driven, reservoir water driven, ground water driven and mulriple driven, in the formative period of landslides.
(3) Currently, when the reservoir level was changing, the ground water seepage should be the linear unsteady flow in the slope. This thesis put forward the analytic solution of ground water phreatic line, applying the second linearization method of Boussinesq equation. Then Dupuit eauqtion and Boussinesq equation were deduced, when the confining underlying bed was gradient. But if the variation range of reservoir level was big and fast, or the slope was porous, the hydraulic gradient would be larger in the reservoir slope. The Reynolds number might be larger than 3～10, during the ground water seepage. This seepage should be non-linear flow, and did not follow the Darcy's Law. When the reservoir level got down, this article advanced the analytic solution of ground water phreatic line using traveling wave method, according to Forchheimer equation.
(4) Making use of ground water table monitor data in the reservoir slope, establish the nonlinear combined prediction mode of ground water table, based on time series method and speed analysis method.
(5) Applying the theories and methods of geomechanics analysis, landslide monitor, experiment analysis, numerical simulation and so on, the mechanism, main driven factor of water, deformation characteristics and the development trend of different kinds of reservoir landslides were studied.Clarily the determination and methods of main driven factor of water, during the formation period of reservoir landslides.
(1)结合地质学、工程地质学、岩体力学、土力学、地下水动力学等理论知识,并参考了大量相关文献,详尽分析了降雨、库水和地下水对库岸滑坡的作用,总结了库岸滑坡的类型和特征。结合水作用因素,深入研究了典型库岸滑坡的坡体结构特征和主要变形破坏模式。提出了9种库岸滑坡坡体结构和17种典型库岸滑坡变形破坏模式。
(2)根据典型库岸滑坡变形破坏过程中,水作用因素的影响程度不同,将水作用下的库岸滑坡形成机理分为：降雨作用主导型、库水作用主导型、地下水作用主导型、联合作用型四个类型。
(3)一般库水位升降条件下,库岸坡体内的地下水渗流属于线性非稳定流。本文运用精度较高的Boussinesq方程第二种线性化方法推导出了库水位升降时,库岸坡体内地下水浸润线的解析解。并推导了隔水底板倾斜时的裘布依公式和Boussinesq方程的表达式。如果库水位的升降幅度较大、速度较快或库岸坡体物质较为松散(孔隙、裂隙较多),这时库岸坡体内外的水力坡度通常较大,地下水渗流的雷诺数(Re)通常>3-10,地下水的渗流不再遵从达西定律,而表现为非线性流动。本文引入了Forchheimer方程法,并推导出了库水位下降时,库岸坡体内地下水浸润线的行波法解析解。
(4)对于有长期地下水位监测数据的库岸坡体,本文在时间序列法和速率分析法的基础上,建立了预测的地下水位的非线性组合模型。
(5)运用地质力学分析、数值模拟、滑坡监测、试验分析等理论方法和手段,研究了库水作用主导型库岸滑坡、降雨作用主导型库岸滑坡和地下水作用主导型库岸滑坡的主导水诱发因素、变形特征、发展趋势和形成机理,并阐明了库岸滑坡形成中主导水作用因素的判定方法和依据。
In the reservoir areas, one of the emphases of geological disasters control is landslides. Comparing to ordinary landslides, the outstanding feature of reservoir landslides is greatly effected by water. So in the region of hydropower engineering, how to research the mechanism of reservoir landslides got water effect, that is difficult problem needing to solve imminently. Based on comprehensive collection and analysis about the research status and achievements at home and abroad, this thesis studied the mechanism of reservoir landslides effected by water. Applying the theories and methods of investigation, experiment analysis, numerical simulation, theoretical knowledge and so on, the typical reservoir landslides were studied in the regions of large-scale hydropower engineering. The main research results include:
(1) This article summarized the types and characteristics of reservoir landslides, according to the effect of rainfall, reservoir water and ground water. First consult plentiful documents, then put to use the theoretical knowledge of geological engineering, landslides, rock mass mechanics and ground water dynamics and so on. The characteristics of slope structure and the main models of deformation failure were in-depth analysis, combining water effect. Advance 9 kinds of slope structures and 17 kinds of models of deformation failure on reservoir landslides.
(2) As the effect of water in various degree might be, reservoir landslides was divided into four types:rainfall driven, reservoir water driven, ground water driven and mulriple driven, in the formative period of landslides.
(3) Currently, when the reservoir level was changing, the ground water seepage should be the linear unsteady flow in the slope. This thesis put forward the analytic solution of ground water phreatic line, applying the second linearization method of Boussinesq equation. Then Dupuit eauqtion and Boussinesq equation were deduced, when the confining underlying bed was gradient. But if the variation range of reservoir level was big and fast, or the slope was porous, the hydraulic gradient would be larger in the reservoir slope. The Reynolds number might be larger than 3～10, during the ground water seepage. This seepage should be non-linear flow, and did not follow the Darcy's Law. When the reservoir level got down, this article advanced the analytic solution of ground water phreatic line using traveling wave method, according to Forchheimer equation.
(4) Making use of ground water table monitor data in the reservoir slope, establish the nonlinear combined prediction mode of ground water table, based on time series method and speed analysis method.
(5) Applying the theories and methods of geomechanics analysis, landslide monitor, experiment analysis, numerical simulation and so on, the mechanism, main driven factor of water, deformation characteristics and the development trend of different kinds of reservoir landslides were studied.Clarily the determination and methods of main driven factor of water, during the formation period of reservoir landslides.
引文
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