小麦秸秆堆肥接种白腐菌的效果及作用条件探讨
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
小麦秸秆是农业有机固体废弃物中一类重要的可再生生物资源,但由于现有技术条件的限制,这类生物资源的很大一部分并没有得到有效合理利用,相反却成了严重的环境污染源。堆肥虽是一种秸秆合理利用的好方法,但长的堆制腐熟周期却成了限制其推广应用的制约因素。
     秸秆堆肥周期长的根本原因在于秸秆的特殊结构。秸秆主要由纤维素、半纤维素、木质素组成,而木质素是阻碍秸秆利用的最大障碍因素。为了加快小麦秸秆堆肥速度,本试验采用人工接入白腐菌(云芝)的方法,以破坏木质素、纤维素、半纤维素之间的结构,降低秸秆木质素含量,打破木质素对秸秆利用的限制。试验表明,当小麦秸秆堆肥中添加10%的猪粪,料水比为2、C/P比为120、C/N比为60、pH值为6时,30℃条件下16天内云芝对小麦秸秆木质素的降解率为56.27%,全纤维素降解率为10.41%。此后云芝产生的木质素降解酶—漆酶活性下降,木质素降解速度相应降低。
     16天后按一般的秸秆堆肥条件(即将猪粪用量增加到秸秆用量的30%、料水比2、C/P比、C/N比、pH值等不再进行调节,接入的纤维素,半纤维素降解菌种子量为堆料的1%)对小麦秸秆进行室内模拟堆肥试验,半月内秸秆即达到腐熟。大大缩短了堆肥周期,提高了堆肥效率。本结果为秸秆合理利用提供了依据。
As other agricultural organic castoffs, the wheat stalks are one of the reproducible resources. But because of the limitation of technology, there are so much straws being setted on fire or thrown away. We are trying our best to search a way to full use of the superfluous straws. Compost using wheat stalks is a good pattern to deal with the superfluous straws. But it is the long time of composting that limits the use of the technique.
    Wheat stalks are mostly composted of cellulose ,hemi-cellulose and lignin. The lignin is the primary obstacle that restrains the straws from being biodegraded.. We inoculated white rot-fungi (Trametes Versicolor) to biodegrade the lignin so that the barrier can be broken down-In this paper, the elements that effect the white rot-fungi to biodegrade the straws lignin were studied. These elements were C/N,C/P, the proportion of wheat stalks to water and the content of pig dung. The results showed that the optimum conditions of white rot-fungi to biodegrade the wheat stalks were: C/N=60,C/P=120,the proportion of wheat stalks to water is 2 , the content of pig dung is 10% and the temperature is 30癈. In these conditions, the wheat stalks lignin can be degraded 56.27% in 16 days and.the cellulose and hemi cellulose had a little degradation. After 16 days of cultivatation , the laccase enzyme active begun to reduce and the rate of biodegradation also to reduce. So 16 days were the best period of using the white rut-fungi to deal with wheat stalks.
    At ordinary conditions that were described in this paper, we use the wheat stalks that were treated with the white rot-fungi to compost. The results showed that the straws decayed in 16 days.
引文
[1]刘巽浩等编.秸秆还田的机理与技术模式[M] 中国农业出版社,2001.
    [2]张利.作物秸秆有机酸降解的研究.硕士研究生毕业论文 1999.
    [3]李伟.作物秸秆综合利用的创新技术.农业工程学报,2000,16(1):14—17.
    [4]Chalau-XN; Libmond-S; Savoie-JM, A practical enzymatic method to estimate wheat straw quality as raw material for mushroom cultivation. Bioresource-Technology. 1995, 53: 3, 277-281; 20 ref.
    [5]李国学等编.固体废物堆肥化与有机复混肥生产[M] 化学工业出版社,2000.
    [6]王才斌,朱建华.小麦秸秆还田对小麦、花生产量及土壤肥力的影响.山东农业科学,2000,(1):45-48.
    [7]郭庭双等,我国农业秸秆资源的综合利用.饲料工业,1993,14(8):48—50.
    [8]路明.提高认识,加强领导,持续做好秸秆禁烧和综合利用工作.1997.
    [9]周群英等.环境工程微生物学(第二版)[M].高等教育出版社,2000 P.265.
    [10]张成爽等.堆肥的制作和施用.土肥耕作,1999,7(2):25-28.
    [11]王春民.“301”菌剂堆腐秸秆及制有机肥技术.现化农业,1997,(8):19-25.
    [12]冯明谦等.高温好氧垃圾堆肥中人工接种初步研究.四川环境,2000,19(3):27-30.
    [13]刘薇.向农民朋友介绍快速堆肥的三项新技术.土壤肥料,1999,(3):35—38.
    [14]谢君 孙迅等.粗毛栓菌产生木质纤维素酶及其降解植物生物质的研究.高技术通迅,2001.8,11—15.
    [15]郭佩玉.几种秸秆处理方法的比较研究,农业工程学报,1995,11(2)149—155.
    [16]于洪远,刘桂琴.秸秆氨化是提高饲料价值的有效途径. 微生物学杂志,1998,14(5):55-56.
    [17]张长胜.秸秆深加工技术与应用前景.现代化农业,1995.(3):21-25.
    [18]闵晓梅,孟庆翔.白腐真菌处理秸秆的研究.饲料研究,2000,(6):7—9.
    [19]Burdsall HH, Eslyn E. A new Phanerochaete with a Chrysosporium inperfect state[J]Myeotaxon, 1974,1,123-133.
    [20]徐海娟.白腐菌降解木质素酶系及其作用机理.环境污染治理技术与设备,2000,1(3):51—54.
    [21]H.E. Schoemake, The Oxidation of veratryl alcohol, dimeric lignin models and ligin bylignin peroxidase: The redox cycle revisited ,FEMS Micro. Rev.,1994 13 321-332.
    
    
    [22]A. Hatakka, Lignin-modifying enzymes from selected white-rot fungi by lignin degradation, FEMS Micro. Rev.,1994, 13:125-135.
    [23]J.A. Field, Aryl alcohols in the physiology of ligninolytic fungi, FEMS Micro. Rev. 1994,13:153-188.
    [24]Thurston,Chris F wood-decaying fungi Science Spectra, 1999 Issue 16, p36 7p chart, 4 diagrams, 6c.
    [25]王佳玲,余惠生等.白腐菌漆酶的研究进展.微生物学通报,1998,25(4):233—236.
    [26]浦跃武.白腐菌产锰过氧化物酶条件的研究.菌物系统,1998,17(3):251—255.
    [27]赵继鼎主编.中国真菌志(多孔菌科)[M].科学出版社,2000.
    [28]卯晓岗主编.中国大型真菌[M].河南科学技术出版社,2000,453-454.
    [29]董国强等.半纤维素酶DNS液显色法测定.浙江农业科学,1989,2:88-89.
    [30]叶姜瑜.一种纤维素分解菌鉴别培养基.微生物学通报,1997,24(4):251-252.
    [31]南京土壤研究所编.土壤理化分析[M].上海科学技术出版社,1983:376—377.
    [32]中国土壤学会编.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].中国农业出版社,2000,4.
    [33]周江敏.非木材纤维纸浆杂细胞酶法糖化研究.硕士研究生毕业论文,2000.5.
    [34]吴涓,肖亚光等.蜜环菌胞外漆酶酶活力的分光光度法测定.夏门大学学报(自然科学版),2001,40(4):893—898
    [35]李酉开.土壤农业化学常规分析方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1984.75~77
    [36]鲍士旦主编.土壤农化分析(第三版)[M].中国农业出版社,1999,156~158.
    [37]王宜磊,彩绒革盖菌CV-8漆酶和多酚氧化酶活性.生物学杂志,1999,18(6):62—64.
    [38]张培玉.云芝菌丝体的营养需求及其液体发酵研究.曲阜师范大学学报,1998,24(3):65—68.
    [39]王宜磊.云芝胞外漆酶活性的研究.荷泽师范学报,1998,20(4):35—38.
    [40]管筱武等.木质素降解酶及其调控机理研究的进展.上海环境科学,1998,17(11):46—49.
    [41]Zafar-SI: Abdullah-N: Iqbal-M; Sheeraz-Q. Influence of nutrient amendment on the biodegradation of wheat straw during solid state fermentation with Trametes versicolor. International-Biodeterioration-and-Biodegradation. 1996, 38: 2, 83-87:19 ref.
    [42]全国卫生学校试用教材编写组编.生理学及生物化学[M].山东科学技术出版社,1979.29.
    [43]曾荣鉴.碳源和氮源对平菇菌丝胞外酶的诱导作用.食用菌,1992(1):17-18.
    [44]潘应捷等.香茹菌丝生长中多酚氧化酶的动态变化.食用菌,1990(3):4—6.
    [45]丁少军等.云芝漆酶的培养和分离纯化的研究.纤维素科学与技术,1998,6(3):16—21.
    
    
    [46]王佳玲等.白腐菌漆酶的研究进展.微生物学通报,1998,25(4):233-236.
    [47]F.P. Bernal A.F. Navorro. M.A.. Sanchea-Mcaedero, A. Roig and J. Cegarra. Infuence of sewage ahudge compost abilitity and Marurity on carbon and nitrogen mineralization in soil. soil idiol. Biochem. 1998 30(3); 303-313.
    [48]Emeterio I J. Evaluation of city refuse compost maturity:A review [J]. Biological Wastes, 1989,27:115~141.
    [49]Garicia G. Evaluation of the maturity of municipal waste compost using simple chemical parameters [J]. Commun Siol Sci Plant Anal, 1992,23:1501~1512.
    [50]Chanyasak, V. Hirai,M.& Kubota, H. Changes of chemical components and Nitrogen transformation in water extracts during composting of garbge. J. Fermert technol. 1982,60:439-446.
    [51]朴哲等.高温堆肥的物质转化与腐熟进度关系.中国农业大学学报,2001,6(3):
    [52]Morel. T.L. Colin, f. Germon, J.C. Godin. etal. Methods for the evaluation of the manurity of municipal refer compost. In composting of Agriculture and other wasts. Elesevier Applied science publishers .London & New York pp. 56-72. (1985)
    [53]杨毓峰等.畜禽废弃物堆肥的腐熟指标.西北农业大学学报,1991,27(4):62—66.
    [54]Garcia C. Evalution of the maturity of municipal waste compost using simple chemical parameters. Soil Sci, 1992,23(14):30-33.
    [55]钱学玲等.模糊综合评价法判定堆肥腐熟度研究.上海环境科学,2001,Vol.20,N0.02.
    [56]娄隆后等编.微生物在土壤养分转化中的作用[M].科学出版社,1962,263—269.
    [57]丁少军等,云芝高木质素降解活性菌株筛选的研究.纤维素科学与技术,1994,2(1):32—38.
    [58]于洪元等.秸秆氨化是提高秸秆饲料价值的有效途径.微生物学杂志,14卷,55—56.
    [59]Chamuris. screening fungi isolated from woody compost for lignin-degrading potential., compost science &Utilization, Winter2OOO, Vol, 8 Issue 1, p6, 6p, 1 graph.
    [60]Jacas T. Cation exchange capacity variation during the composting of different material[J]. Compost Production Quality & Use, 1987:309~321.
    [61]Bremner, J.M. Nitrogen transformation during ghe biological decomposition of straw compostedwith inorganic nitrogen. J. Agric. Sci. 1955,45(4):469-475.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700