斜靠式拱桥结构体系与稳定性分析
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摘要
斜靠式拱桥是一种新型的无风撑拱桥,由于拱肋是由主拱和斜靠拱构成的组合拱,是一种复杂的空间梁拱组合体系,确定合理的结构设计参数和主拱与斜拱共同作用的侧倾稳定性是斜靠式拱桥设计中的关键问题。本文以设计中的湖南常德市洞庭大道跨新河渠斜靠式拱桥为工程背景,建立了该桥的空间有限元模型,对斜靠式拱桥主要结构设计参数及稳定性进行了深入的探讨,研究成果可为斜靠式拱桥设计时参考。论文的主要工作和结论包括：
1.按结构自重(恒载)、活载正载(车辆荷载满载+人群荷载满载)和活载偏载(车辆荷载偏载+人群荷载偏载)三种荷载,研究斜靠式拱桥结构的关键设计参数,矢跨比、主拱与主梁的刚度比、主斜拱的刚度比、拱轴线型,对结构内力的影响规律。
2.以圆弧拱为研究对象,采用能量法推导了组合拱(主拱和斜拱)面外稳定的临界计算公式。通过数值算例和参数分析,从机理上研究斜拱对竖拱(主拱)面外(侧倾)失稳的影响。
3.通过空间有限元模型,系统地研究主斜拱之间横撑的刚度、数量和位置、斜拱与主拱的刚度比等参数对斜靠式拱稳定性的影响规律。结果表明,主拱作为整座桥梁的主要承重构件,而斜拱主要提供横向稳定性,形成了一个受力合理、结构稳定的体系。
The double X-arch bridge is a new type of arch bridges without the traditional transverse bracing. It is a complicated spatial combination system bridge of beam and arch contributed to the arch ribs comprised of the main arches and double X-arches. In the design and construction analysis of double X-arch bridge, it's crucial to ascertain the structural design parameters and the out-plane stability of the main arch together with the inclined arch. This research bases on a double X-arch bridge crossing the Xinhe River Changde city, Hunan province. The three dimensional finite element model of this bridge is developed. The main design parameters and stability of this bridge is deeply discussed. The outcomes of this research can be references to the design of double X-arch bridge. Specifically, the main work of this thesis is showed as following:
1. How the key structural design parameters, such as the ratio of rise to span, the ratio of rigidity of main arch to girder, the ratio of rigidity of inclined arch to main arch, and the type of arch axis, etc. influence the internal force of the bridge is investigated when the bridge is subjected to the dead weight of structure (dead load), symmetric live load (the capacity load of vehicle loading and crowd loading) and eccentric live load respectively (the eccentric load of vehicle loading and crowd loading).
2. On the basis of the circular-arch, the calculation formula of out-plane stability critical load of combined arch (main arch and inclined arch) by means of energy method. Numerical examples and parameter analysis are carried to investigate how the inclined arch affects the stability of the main arch is studied.
3. Also, systematic research is performed to discuss the effect of several parameters, such as cross-brace rigidity between main arch and inclined arch, quantity and position of the cross-brace, stiffness ratio of inclined, on the stability of double X-arch. It is confirmed that the main arches are the core structural members and the inclined have a significant positive effect on the out-plane stability of the bridge, which contributes a reasonable system in terms of load mechanism and stability
1.按结构自重(恒载)、活载正载(车辆荷载满载+人群荷载满载)和活载偏载(车辆荷载偏载+人群荷载偏载)三种荷载,研究斜靠式拱桥结构的关键设计参数,矢跨比、主拱与主梁的刚度比、主斜拱的刚度比、拱轴线型,对结构内力的影响规律。
2.以圆弧拱为研究对象,采用能量法推导了组合拱(主拱和斜拱)面外稳定的临界计算公式。通过数值算例和参数分析,从机理上研究斜拱对竖拱(主拱)面外(侧倾)失稳的影响。
3.通过空间有限元模型,系统地研究主斜拱之间横撑的刚度、数量和位置、斜拱与主拱的刚度比等参数对斜靠式拱稳定性的影响规律。结果表明,主拱作为整座桥梁的主要承重构件,而斜拱主要提供横向稳定性,形成了一个受力合理、结构稳定的体系。
The double X-arch bridge is a new type of arch bridges without the traditional transverse bracing. It is a complicated spatial combination system bridge of beam and arch contributed to the arch ribs comprised of the main arches and double X-arches. In the design and construction analysis of double X-arch bridge, it's crucial to ascertain the structural design parameters and the out-plane stability of the main arch together with the inclined arch. This research bases on a double X-arch bridge crossing the Xinhe River Changde city, Hunan province. The three dimensional finite element model of this bridge is developed. The main design parameters and stability of this bridge is deeply discussed. The outcomes of this research can be references to the design of double X-arch bridge. Specifically, the main work of this thesis is showed as following:
1. How the key structural design parameters, such as the ratio of rise to span, the ratio of rigidity of main arch to girder, the ratio of rigidity of inclined arch to main arch, and the type of arch axis, etc. influence the internal force of the bridge is investigated when the bridge is subjected to the dead weight of structure (dead load), symmetric live load (the capacity load of vehicle loading and crowd loading) and eccentric live load respectively (the eccentric load of vehicle loading and crowd loading).
2. On the basis of the circular-arch, the calculation formula of out-plane stability critical load of combined arch (main arch and inclined arch) by means of energy method. Numerical examples and parameter analysis are carried to investigate how the inclined arch affects the stability of the main arch is studied.
3. Also, systematic research is performed to discuss the effect of several parameters, such as cross-brace rigidity between main arch and inclined arch, quantity and position of the cross-brace, stiffness ratio of inclined, on the stability of double X-arch. It is confirmed that the main arches are the core structural members and the inclined have a significant positive effect on the out-plane stability of the bridge, which contributes a reasonable system in terms of load mechanism and stability
引文
[1]谢璞,任伟新.拱桥静力分析的组合单元方法：[硕士学位论文].湖南：中南大学,2010
[2]刘忠.大跨径钢-混凝土复合桥梁的时间、几何、材料、温度非线性空间分析：[博士学位论文].上海：同济大学,1996
[3]范立础.桥梁工程(下册).北京：人发交通出版社,1987
[4]楼庄鸿.我国拱桥的特色与发展趋势.中国公路学会桥梁和结构工程学会1996年桥梁学术讨论会论文集.北京：人发交通出版社,1996
[5]谢尚英,钱科生.大跨混凝土拱桥的桥型和施工.四川省公路学会桥梁学术研讨会.成都：西南交通大学出版社,1996
[6]肖汝诚,孙海涛,贾丽君等.斜靠式拱桥.上海公路.2004(4)：22～26
[7]钟善桐.钢管混凝土结构.清华大学出版社,2003：28-32
[8]陈宝春.钢管混凝土拱桥实例集(一).北京：人发交通出版社,2002
[9]王伯惠.从劲性骨架拱桥到钢管混凝土拱桥.中国公路学会桥梁和结构工程学会1997年桥梁学术讨论会论文集.北京：人发交通出版社,1997
[10]王道斌,彭济南,陈佑新等.莲沱大桥钢管拱肋竖转吊装的方案设计与施工.桥梁建设,1997(2)：18～21
[11]Asplund S O. Deflection Theory of Arches. Transactions of ASCE.1963,128(2): 22-24
[12]Chen Bao-chun. State-of-the-art of the development of arch bridges in China. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on New Dimensions of Bridge. 2005:13-24
[13]Yan Guomin.Composite arch bridge developed in China.5th International Conference of Composite Structure.1997
[14]Godrfey.Trends in the design and consturction of steel and composite bridges. Proceeding of International Conference on Short and Medium Span Bridge.1982.10-17
[15]Salah EI-Din. Method of Segment Length for Instability Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beam-columns. ACI Structural Journal.1994,91(6):666-667
[16]陈宝春.钢管混凝土拱桥设计和与施工.北京：人发交通出版社,1999
[17]韩伯林.世界桥梁发展史.上海：知识出版社,1987
[18]陈宝春.钢管混凝土拱桥发展综述.桥梁建设,1997(2)：8-13
[19]Rowe R S. Amplification of Stress in Flexible Steel Arches. Transactions of ASCE.1954,2704:112-115
[20]陈宝春.钢管混凝土拱桥(第二版).北京：人发交通出版社,2007
[21]张秀成,王宏艳,任毅勇.斜靠式提篮拱桥设计特点.HIGHWAY.2005, (12): 32-34
[22]Chatterjee P N. On the Deflection Theory of Ribbed Two-hinged Elastic Arches. Thesis, Ph. D., The University of Illinois,1948:2-5
[23]刘昌永,张素梅.斜靠式钢管混凝土拱桥静力性能分析：[硕士学位论文].黑龙江：哈尔滨工业大学,2007
[24]胡锋,陈淮.斜靠式拱桥力学性能分析：[硕士学位论文].河南：郑州大学,2006
[25]李莹,肖汝诚.斜靠式梁拱组合体系桥梁设计理论研究：[硕士学位论文].上海：同济大学,2006
[26]范伟擎,胡天琳.斜靠式拱桥设计参数研究：[硕士学位论文].陕西：长安大学,2008
[27]韦建刚,陈宝春.钢管混凝土对称弯压拱分支点失稳问题研究：[硕士学位论文].上海：同济大学,2002
[28]刘浪,胡天琳.斜靠式拱桥空间稳定性分析：[硕士学位论文].陕西：长安大学,2008
[29]李国豪.桥梁结构稳定与振动(修订版).北京：中国铁道出版社,1996
[30]项海帆,刘光栋.拱结构的稳定与振动.北京：人民交通出版社,1991：75～76
[31]Timosenko S P.弹性稳定理论.北京：科学出版社,1958：63～64
[32]Dinnik A N. Buckling and Torsion. Moscow,1955:80-82
[33]Kee C F. Lateral Inelastic Buckling of Tied Arches. Proc. ASCE.87(1),1961: 32-40
[34]Walter J. Austin. In-Plane Bending and Buckling of Arches. Journal of the Structural Division,1971,97(5):1575-1593
[35]Stussi F. Lateral Buckling and Vibration of Arches. Int. Assoc. of Bridges and Structural Engng Pubs.,1973,7(327):1943-1944
[36]Godden W G.The Lateral Buckling of Tied Arches. Inst. Civil Eng.,1954,3(3): 62-65
[37]Ostlund L. Lateral Stability of Bridge Arches Braced with Transverse Bars. Trans. Of the Royal. Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Swedon,1954,84:115-117
[38]Wastlund G. Stability Problems of Compressed Steel Members and Arch Bridges.Proc. of ASCE,1960,86(6):15-18
[39]Layrangues P.由一系列水平横撑联结的两个竖直圆弧的侧向弹性稳定.同济大学译自《TRAVAUX》,1963：60～63
[40]Almeida P N. Lateral Buckling of Twin Arch Ribs with Transverse Bars. Dissertation of Ohio State Univ., Columber,Ohio, USA,1970:40-42
[41]同济大学桥梁教研室等.拱及组合拱的侧向弹性稳定.上海：同济大学出版,1976：66～68
[42]吴恒立.拱式体系稳定计算.北京：人民交通出版社,1979：22～25
[43]李国豪,石洞,黄东洲.拱桁梁侧倾稳定分析的有限元法.同济大学学报,1983,1：32～35
[44]金伟良.大跨度拱桥的横向稳定性研究：[博士学位论文].辽宁省：大连理工大学,1988：62～65
[45]Shukla S N, Ojalvo M. Lateral Buckling of Parabolic Arches with Tilting Loads. Journal of the Structural Division,1971,97(6):102-105
[46]杨永清.钢管混凝土拱桥横向稳定性分析：[博士学位论文].四川省：西南交通大学.1998：82～83
[47]王新敏.ANSYS工程结构数值分析.北京：人民交通出版社,2007
[48]盖卫明,任伟新.大跨度钢桁拱桥的稳定与极限承载力的研究：[硕士学位论文].湖南省,2009
[49]任伟新,曾庆元.钢压杆稳定极限承载力分析.中国铁道出版社,1994：1～3
[50]钱莲萍,项海项.空间拱桥结构侧倾稳定性的实用计算.同济大学学报,1989,(17)：161～172
[51]曾庆元,盛新旺.结构稳定理论讲义,湖南：中南大学.
[52]孙广华.曲线梁桥计算.北京：人民交通出版社,1997
[2]刘忠.大跨径钢-混凝土复合桥梁的时间、几何、材料、温度非线性空间分析：[博士学位论文].上海：同济大学,1996
[3]范立础.桥梁工程(下册).北京：人发交通出版社,1987
[4]楼庄鸿.我国拱桥的特色与发展趋势.中国公路学会桥梁和结构工程学会1996年桥梁学术讨论会论文集.北京：人发交通出版社,1996
[5]谢尚英,钱科生.大跨混凝土拱桥的桥型和施工.四川省公路学会桥梁学术研讨会.成都：西南交通大学出版社,1996
[6]肖汝诚,孙海涛,贾丽君等.斜靠式拱桥.上海公路.2004(4)：22～26
[7]钟善桐.钢管混凝土结构.清华大学出版社,2003：28-32
[8]陈宝春.钢管混凝土拱桥实例集(一).北京：人发交通出版社,2002
[9]王伯惠.从劲性骨架拱桥到钢管混凝土拱桥.中国公路学会桥梁和结构工程学会1997年桥梁学术讨论会论文集.北京：人发交通出版社,1997
[10]王道斌,彭济南,陈佑新等.莲沱大桥钢管拱肋竖转吊装的方案设计与施工.桥梁建设,1997(2)：18～21
[11]Asplund S O. Deflection Theory of Arches. Transactions of ASCE.1963,128(2): 22-24
[12]Chen Bao-chun. State-of-the-art of the development of arch bridges in China. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on New Dimensions of Bridge. 2005:13-24
[13]Yan Guomin.Composite arch bridge developed in China.5th International Conference of Composite Structure.1997
[14]Godrfey.Trends in the design and consturction of steel and composite bridges. Proceeding of International Conference on Short and Medium Span Bridge.1982.10-17
[15]Salah EI-Din. Method of Segment Length for Instability Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beam-columns. ACI Structural Journal.1994,91(6):666-667
[16]陈宝春.钢管混凝土拱桥设计和与施工.北京：人发交通出版社,1999
[17]韩伯林.世界桥梁发展史.上海：知识出版社,1987
[18]陈宝春.钢管混凝土拱桥发展综述.桥梁建设,1997(2)：8-13
[19]Rowe R S. Amplification of Stress in Flexible Steel Arches. Transactions of ASCE.1954,2704:112-115
[20]陈宝春.钢管混凝土拱桥(第二版).北京：人发交通出版社,2007
[21]张秀成,王宏艳,任毅勇.斜靠式提篮拱桥设计特点.HIGHWAY.2005, (12): 32-34
[22]Chatterjee P N. On the Deflection Theory of Ribbed Two-hinged Elastic Arches. Thesis, Ph. D., The University of Illinois,1948:2-5
[23]刘昌永,张素梅.斜靠式钢管混凝土拱桥静力性能分析：[硕士学位论文].黑龙江：哈尔滨工业大学,2007
[24]胡锋,陈淮.斜靠式拱桥力学性能分析：[硕士学位论文].河南：郑州大学,2006
[25]李莹,肖汝诚.斜靠式梁拱组合体系桥梁设计理论研究：[硕士学位论文].上海：同济大学,2006
[26]范伟擎,胡天琳.斜靠式拱桥设计参数研究：[硕士学位论文].陕西：长安大学,2008
[27]韦建刚,陈宝春.钢管混凝土对称弯压拱分支点失稳问题研究：[硕士学位论文].上海：同济大学,2002
[28]刘浪,胡天琳.斜靠式拱桥空间稳定性分析：[硕士学位论文].陕西：长安大学,2008
[29]李国豪.桥梁结构稳定与振动(修订版).北京：中国铁道出版社,1996
[30]项海帆,刘光栋.拱结构的稳定与振动.北京：人民交通出版社,1991：75～76
[31]Timosenko S P.弹性稳定理论.北京：科学出版社,1958：63～64
[32]Dinnik A N. Buckling and Torsion. Moscow,1955:80-82
[33]Kee C F. Lateral Inelastic Buckling of Tied Arches. Proc. ASCE.87(1),1961: 32-40
[34]Walter J. Austin. In-Plane Bending and Buckling of Arches. Journal of the Structural Division,1971,97(5):1575-1593
[35]Stussi F. Lateral Buckling and Vibration of Arches. Int. Assoc. of Bridges and Structural Engng Pubs.,1973,7(327):1943-1944
[36]Godden W G.The Lateral Buckling of Tied Arches. Inst. Civil Eng.,1954,3(3): 62-65
[37]Ostlund L. Lateral Stability of Bridge Arches Braced with Transverse Bars. Trans. Of the Royal. Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Swedon,1954,84:115-117
[38]Wastlund G. Stability Problems of Compressed Steel Members and Arch Bridges.Proc. of ASCE,1960,86(6):15-18
[39]Layrangues P.由一系列水平横撑联结的两个竖直圆弧的侧向弹性稳定.同济大学译自《TRAVAUX》,1963：60～63
[40]Almeida P N. Lateral Buckling of Twin Arch Ribs with Transverse Bars. Dissertation of Ohio State Univ., Columber,Ohio, USA,1970:40-42
[41]同济大学桥梁教研室等.拱及组合拱的侧向弹性稳定.上海：同济大学出版,1976：66～68
[42]吴恒立.拱式体系稳定计算.北京：人民交通出版社,1979：22～25
[43]李国豪,石洞,黄东洲.拱桁梁侧倾稳定分析的有限元法.同济大学学报,1983,1：32～35
[44]金伟良.大跨度拱桥的横向稳定性研究：[博士学位论文].辽宁省：大连理工大学,1988：62～65
[45]Shukla S N, Ojalvo M. Lateral Buckling of Parabolic Arches with Tilting Loads. Journal of the Structural Division,1971,97(6):102-105
[46]杨永清.钢管混凝土拱桥横向稳定性分析：[博士学位论文].四川省：西南交通大学.1998：82～83
[47]王新敏.ANSYS工程结构数值分析.北京：人民交通出版社,2007
[48]盖卫明,任伟新.大跨度钢桁拱桥的稳定与极限承载力的研究：[硕士学位论文].湖南省,2009
[49]任伟新,曾庆元.钢压杆稳定极限承载力分析.中国铁道出版社,1994：1～3
[50]钱莲萍,项海项.空间拱桥结构侧倾稳定性的实用计算.同济大学学报,1989,(17)：161～172
[51]曾庆元,盛新旺.结构稳定理论讲义,湖南：中南大学.
[52]孙广华.曲线梁桥计算.北京：人民交通出版社,1997