船用柴油—天然气双燃料发动机控制系统设计与试验
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摘要
本课题是关于“柴油／天然气双燃料发动机改造设计和试验研究”,它是由山东大学能源与动力工程学院内燃机研究所和淄博柴油机总公司合作开发项目。随着石油燃料的紧缺和大气污染的加剧,人们越来越重视燃用石化燃料的发动机给人们带来的影响,因此,寻找石油燃料的替代能源,研究降低发动机排放的各种方法成为了当务之急。
本文首先介绍了天然气理化性质,当前双燃料发动机技术的各种应用,国内外针对于双燃料发动机的改造技术背景和应用。然后按照双燃料发动机开发改造项目要求对原柴油机燃料供给系统进行改造设计,增加了一套新的天然气供给系统,并对这套供给系统进行了介绍。而后介绍了双燃料发动机电子控制系统设计,列举了双燃料发动机电子控制系统中几种重要的传感器、执行器以及电子控制系统中硬件电路,包括核心处理器,信号采集处理电路,执行器驱动电路和通讯电源电路。同时也介绍了模块化软件设计,包括了信号采集处理软件模块,通讯模块,执行器控制模块,以及一些软件控制算法。最后介绍了一些试验研究结果和性能评价,包括发动机在双燃料模式工作的燃油替代率,双燃料和纯柴油两种模式下的缸内压力、压力升高率等基本燃烧参数的对比分析,两种模式下的缸内燃烧状态,如循环变动以及各缸燃烧不均匀性的对比分析,以期更好地为进行双燃料发动机电子控制提供试验数据支持。
This topic is about "design transformation and experimental investigation on diesel and natural gas dual fuel engine". It is a cooperation project by Internal Combustion Engine Institute of School of Energy and Power Engineering in Shandong University and Zibo Diesel Company. With the shortage of petroleum fuel and the air pollution, people pay more and more attention to influence on life that engines burning fossil fuels bring to us. Therefore, It has been urgent affairs to search for alternative fuel to oil and to study on the various methods to reduce engine emission.
At first, this paper introduces the physical and chemical properties of natural gas, the various current application of the dual fuel engine technology, reforming technology background and application of dual fuel engine at home and abroad. Then, the original diesel engine fuel supply system was reformed and designed according to requirements of the dual fuel engine development and design project. A set of natural gas supply system was added and introduced in papers. And then the dual fuel engine electronic control system design was introduced several kinds of important sensors,actuators and hardware circuit including the core processor, signal collection and processing circuit, actuator drive circuits, communication circuit and power supply circuit were enumerated in the dual fuel electronic control system. Also the modular software design including the signal collection and processing software module, communication module, the actuator control module, as well as some software control algorithm was introduced. Finally some experimental study results and performance evaluation was introduced, including the engine fuel replacement rate of the engine working in dual fuel mode, contrast analysis of basic combustion parameters such as cylinder pressure and rate of pressure rise in two different combustion mode, combustion state such as contrast analysis of cycle variation and cylinder-by-cylinder variations in two different combustion mode. So that experimental data support can be provided for dual fuel engine electronic control better.
本文首先介绍了天然气理化性质,当前双燃料发动机技术的各种应用,国内外针对于双燃料发动机的改造技术背景和应用。然后按照双燃料发动机开发改造项目要求对原柴油机燃料供给系统进行改造设计,增加了一套新的天然气供给系统,并对这套供给系统进行了介绍。而后介绍了双燃料发动机电子控制系统设计,列举了双燃料发动机电子控制系统中几种重要的传感器、执行器以及电子控制系统中硬件电路,包括核心处理器,信号采集处理电路,执行器驱动电路和通讯电源电路。同时也介绍了模块化软件设计,包括了信号采集处理软件模块,通讯模块,执行器控制模块,以及一些软件控制算法。最后介绍了一些试验研究结果和性能评价,包括发动机在双燃料模式工作的燃油替代率,双燃料和纯柴油两种模式下的缸内压力、压力升高率等基本燃烧参数的对比分析,两种模式下的缸内燃烧状态,如循环变动以及各缸燃烧不均匀性的对比分析,以期更好地为进行双燃料发动机电子控制提供试验数据支持。
This topic is about "design transformation and experimental investigation on diesel and natural gas dual fuel engine". It is a cooperation project by Internal Combustion Engine Institute of School of Energy and Power Engineering in Shandong University and Zibo Diesel Company. With the shortage of petroleum fuel and the air pollution, people pay more and more attention to influence on life that engines burning fossil fuels bring to us. Therefore, It has been urgent affairs to search for alternative fuel to oil and to study on the various methods to reduce engine emission.
At first, this paper introduces the physical and chemical properties of natural gas, the various current application of the dual fuel engine technology, reforming technology background and application of dual fuel engine at home and abroad. Then, the original diesel engine fuel supply system was reformed and designed according to requirements of the dual fuel engine development and design project. A set of natural gas supply system was added and introduced in papers. And then the dual fuel engine electronic control system design was introduced several kinds of important sensors,actuators and hardware circuit including the core processor, signal collection and processing circuit, actuator drive circuits, communication circuit and power supply circuit were enumerated in the dual fuel electronic control system. Also the modular software design including the signal collection and processing software module, communication module, the actuator control module, as well as some software control algorithm was introduced. Finally some experimental study results and performance evaluation was introduced, including the engine fuel replacement rate of the engine working in dual fuel mode, contrast analysis of basic combustion parameters such as cylinder pressure and rate of pressure rise in two different combustion mode, combustion state such as contrast analysis of cycle variation and cylinder-by-cylinder variations in two different combustion mode. So that experimental data support can be provided for dual fuel engine electronic control better.
引文
[1]焦运景.稀燃天然气发动机燃烧过程研究和燃烧系统开发[D].天津：天津大学,2009.
[2]傅忠诚,艾效逸,王天飞等.天然气燃烧与节能环保新技术[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2007：18-19.
[3]熊云,徐不明,刘信阳.清洁燃料基础及应用[M].北京：中国石化出版社,2005：1-8.
[4]宋钧,黄震,张武高,周校平.车用天然气发动机技术及其应用[J].天然气工业,2002,(01)：88-92+2.
[5]袁华智.电控汽油/CNG两用燃料发动机故障模拟试验及诊断研究[D].长安大学,2010.
[6]王健昕,帅金石.发动机原理[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2011：343-344.
[7]王建听.高效车用汽油机的技术进步[J].内燃机学报,2008,(S1)：83-89.
[8]王建昕,王志.高效清洁车用汽油机燃烧的研究进展[J].汽车安全与节能学报,2010,(03)：167-178.
[9]马帅营,尧命发,童来会,郑尊清.汽油/柴油双燃料高比例预混压燃燃烧与排放的试验[J].内燃机学报,2012,(01)：1-8.
[10]Alger T.SWRI's HEDGETM concept:High efficiency dilute gasoline engines for automotive, medium duty and off-road applications[C]. Modern Engine Technology International Symposium. Beijing.2009.
[11]Reed M Hanson, Sage L Kokjohn, Derek A Splitter, et al. An experimental investigation of fuel reactivity controlled PCCI combustion in a heavy-duty engine[C]. SAE paper 2010-01-0864,2010.
[12]Kazuhisa Inagaki, Takayuki Fuyuto, Kazuaki Nishikama, et al. Combustion system with premixture-controlled compression ignition[J]. R&D Review of Toyota CRDL,2006, 44(3):35-46.
[13]王健昕,闫小光,程勇,蒋恒飞。乙醇-柴油混合燃料的燃烧与排放特性[J].内燃机学报.2002.
[14]杜德兴,元广杰.混燃甲醇和乙醇改善柴油机碳烟排放[J].环境科学学报.2001.
[15]T.Ishiyama, M.Shioji, S.Mitani, et al. Improvement of Performance and Exhaust Emissions in a Converted Dual-Fuel Natural Gas Engine. SAE Paper 2000-01-1866,2000
[16]姚春德,刘增勇,高昌卿,孙家峰.柴油引燃天然气的双燃料燃烧机理的研究[J].工程热物理学报,2002,(06)：761-763.
[17]宋金瓯,姚春德,解茂昭,刘增勇.柴油引燃天然气发动机燃烧模型的研究[J].内燃机学报,2003,(05)：303-307.
[18]刘波澜,孙业保,高青,孙济美.电控双燃料(天然气/柴油)发动机工作过程[J].汽车工程,2001,(04)：252-254.
[19]梁保山,高青,张纪鹏,孙济美.双燃料发动机天然气喷射控制系统及其性能[J].吉林工业大学自然科学学报,2001,(02)：1-6.
[20]张纪鹏,夏元东,孙志军,江华春,李威,李丽.天然气柴油双燃料准均质燃烧过程的研究[J].燃烧科学与技术,2004,(02)：146-148.
[21]苏岭,钟辉,汪映,周龙保.供油参数对CNG双燃料发动机低负荷排放的影响[J].车用发动机,2002,(05)：10-12.
[22]张幽彤,刘兴华,杨青,李建纯,李铁拴.电控多点天然气-柴油双燃料系统技术研究[J].汽车工程,2000,(03)：150-153+213.
[23]熊树生,何文华,楚书华,杨振中.车用柴油/CNG双燃料发动机工作性能的研究[J].农业机械学报,2004,(04)：24-27.
[24]苏万华,林志强,汪洋,等.气口顺序喷射、稀燃、全电控柴油／天然气双燃料发动机的研究.内燃烧学报.2001.
[25]尤秋菊,张来斌,王朝晖,段礼祥,樊钥宽.天然气发动机供气方式及其特点分析[J].柴油机,2007,(01)：42-45.
[26]孙济美,张纪鹏,方祖华等.压缩天然气和液化石油气发动机电控喷气技术研究.天然气工业,1998,18(2)：68-72
[27]邹博文,李静波,李开国,葛晓成.缸内直喷天然气发动机的开发[J].汽车技术,2011,(05)：1-4.
[28]李国岫.柴油-天然气发动机电控燃料喷射技术的研究.车用发动机.2004.6.
[29]Ouellette P. Direct Injection Of Natural Gas For Diesel Engine Fueling[D].University of British Columbia,1996:1-4
[30]6210ZLDS系列柴油机使用维护说明书[R].淄博柴油机总公司.
[31]孙建文.柴油/天然气双燃料发动机的开发与试验研究[D].山东大学,2012.
[32]崔怡,高莹,李君,杨思.进气歧管结构对进气不均匀性影响的仿真研究[J].小型内燃机与摩托车,2009,(02)：37-40.
[33]尹晓青.135型柴油机气门定时及升程的电控技术研究[M].武汉：武汉理工大学,2006.
[34]孙运柱,王忠举,牛化武,李爱娟.汽车发动机电子控制技术的应用现状及展望[J].农业装备与车辆工程,2008,(11)：45-47.
[35]TMS320F2812产品说明书[R].德州仪器公司.
[36]KAY系列压力变送器说明书[R].康宇测控仪器仪表公司.
[37]Sensors[R].BOSCH.
[38]张敏.摩托车用数字点火系统的研究[D].天津大学,2006.
[39]沈维道,蒋智敏,董钧耕.工程热力学[M].第三版.北京：高等教育出版社,2001.
[40]张波.燃料理化特性对均质压燃影响的试验研究[D].天津大学博士学位论文,2007：63-64
[41]李兴虎,蒋德明,沈惠贤.火花点火发动机压力循环变动的评价方法研究[J].内燃机学报,2000,(2)
[42]陆家祥,罗远荣,陈松平,等.车用增压柴油机循环变动特性分析[J].内燃机工程,1990,11(1)：1-7.
[43]王健昕,帅金石.汽车发动机原理[M].第一版.北京：清华大学出版社,2011.
[44]姚宝峰,李国岫.稀燃天然气发动机燃烧循环变动影响因素研究[J].内燃机工程,2007,(05)：23-27.
[45]杜巍,刘福水.多缸柴油机转速波动与燃烧不均匀性的相关性[J].农业机械学报,2010,(02)：17-20.
[46]孙建文.柴油／天然气双燃料发动机的开发与试验研究[D].山东大学,2012.
[2]傅忠诚,艾效逸,王天飞等.天然气燃烧与节能环保新技术[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2007：18-19.
[3]熊云,徐不明,刘信阳.清洁燃料基础及应用[M].北京：中国石化出版社,2005：1-8.
[4]宋钧,黄震,张武高,周校平.车用天然气发动机技术及其应用[J].天然气工业,2002,(01)：88-92+2.
[5]袁华智.电控汽油/CNG两用燃料发动机故障模拟试验及诊断研究[D].长安大学,2010.
[6]王健昕,帅金石.发动机原理[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2011：343-344.
[7]王建听.高效车用汽油机的技术进步[J].内燃机学报,2008,(S1)：83-89.
[8]王建昕,王志.高效清洁车用汽油机燃烧的研究进展[J].汽车安全与节能学报,2010,(03)：167-178.
[9]马帅营,尧命发,童来会,郑尊清.汽油/柴油双燃料高比例预混压燃燃烧与排放的试验[J].内燃机学报,2012,(01)：1-8.
[10]Alger T.SWRI's HEDGETM concept:High efficiency dilute gasoline engines for automotive, medium duty and off-road applications[C]. Modern Engine Technology International Symposium. Beijing.2009.
[11]Reed M Hanson, Sage L Kokjohn, Derek A Splitter, et al. An experimental investigation of fuel reactivity controlled PCCI combustion in a heavy-duty engine[C]. SAE paper 2010-01-0864,2010.
[12]Kazuhisa Inagaki, Takayuki Fuyuto, Kazuaki Nishikama, et al. Combustion system with premixture-controlled compression ignition[J]. R&D Review of Toyota CRDL,2006, 44(3):35-46.
[13]王健昕,闫小光,程勇,蒋恒飞。乙醇-柴油混合燃料的燃烧与排放特性[J].内燃机学报.2002.
[14]杜德兴,元广杰.混燃甲醇和乙醇改善柴油机碳烟排放[J].环境科学学报.2001.
[15]T.Ishiyama, M.Shioji, S.Mitani, et al. Improvement of Performance and Exhaust Emissions in a Converted Dual-Fuel Natural Gas Engine. SAE Paper 2000-01-1866,2000
[16]姚春德,刘增勇,高昌卿,孙家峰.柴油引燃天然气的双燃料燃烧机理的研究[J].工程热物理学报,2002,(06)：761-763.
[17]宋金瓯,姚春德,解茂昭,刘增勇.柴油引燃天然气发动机燃烧模型的研究[J].内燃机学报,2003,(05)：303-307.
[18]刘波澜,孙业保,高青,孙济美.电控双燃料(天然气/柴油)发动机工作过程[J].汽车工程,2001,(04)：252-254.
[19]梁保山,高青,张纪鹏,孙济美.双燃料发动机天然气喷射控制系统及其性能[J].吉林工业大学自然科学学报,2001,(02)：1-6.
[20]张纪鹏,夏元东,孙志军,江华春,李威,李丽.天然气柴油双燃料准均质燃烧过程的研究[J].燃烧科学与技术,2004,(02)：146-148.
[21]苏岭,钟辉,汪映,周龙保.供油参数对CNG双燃料发动机低负荷排放的影响[J].车用发动机,2002,(05)：10-12.
[22]张幽彤,刘兴华,杨青,李建纯,李铁拴.电控多点天然气-柴油双燃料系统技术研究[J].汽车工程,2000,(03)：150-153+213.
[23]熊树生,何文华,楚书华,杨振中.车用柴油/CNG双燃料发动机工作性能的研究[J].农业机械学报,2004,(04)：24-27.
[24]苏万华,林志强,汪洋,等.气口顺序喷射、稀燃、全电控柴油／天然气双燃料发动机的研究.内燃烧学报.2001.
[25]尤秋菊,张来斌,王朝晖,段礼祥,樊钥宽.天然气发动机供气方式及其特点分析[J].柴油机,2007,(01)：42-45.
[26]孙济美,张纪鹏,方祖华等.压缩天然气和液化石油气发动机电控喷气技术研究.天然气工业,1998,18(2)：68-72
[27]邹博文,李静波,李开国,葛晓成.缸内直喷天然气发动机的开发[J].汽车技术,2011,(05)：1-4.
[28]李国岫.柴油-天然气发动机电控燃料喷射技术的研究.车用发动机.2004.6.
[29]Ouellette P. Direct Injection Of Natural Gas For Diesel Engine Fueling[D].University of British Columbia,1996:1-4
[30]6210ZLDS系列柴油机使用维护说明书[R].淄博柴油机总公司.
[31]孙建文.柴油/天然气双燃料发动机的开发与试验研究[D].山东大学,2012.
[32]崔怡,高莹,李君,杨思.进气歧管结构对进气不均匀性影响的仿真研究[J].小型内燃机与摩托车,2009,(02)：37-40.
[33]尹晓青.135型柴油机气门定时及升程的电控技术研究[M].武汉：武汉理工大学,2006.
[34]孙运柱,王忠举,牛化武,李爱娟.汽车发动机电子控制技术的应用现状及展望[J].农业装备与车辆工程,2008,(11)：45-47.
[35]TMS320F2812产品说明书[R].德州仪器公司.
[36]KAY系列压力变送器说明书[R].康宇测控仪器仪表公司.
[37]Sensors[R].BOSCH.
[38]张敏.摩托车用数字点火系统的研究[D].天津大学,2006.
[39]沈维道,蒋智敏,董钧耕.工程热力学[M].第三版.北京：高等教育出版社,2001.
[40]张波.燃料理化特性对均质压燃影响的试验研究[D].天津大学博士学位论文,2007：63-64
[41]李兴虎,蒋德明,沈惠贤.火花点火发动机压力循环变动的评价方法研究[J].内燃机学报,2000,(2)
[42]陆家祥,罗远荣,陈松平,等.车用增压柴油机循环变动特性分析[J].内燃机工程,1990,11(1)：1-7.
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