新型SRD功率变换技术研究
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摘要
开关型磁阻电动机调速系统(Switched Reluctance Drive,简称SRD)由开关型磁阻电动机(Switched Reluctance Motor,简称SRM)、功率变换器和控制器组成,其中功率变换器是影响整个SRD性能和成本的关键因素。在传统的硬开关方式下,SRD功率变换器存在开关损耗、电应力和电磁干扰。为降低功率器件的开关损耗、减小开关的电应力、抑制开关过程产生的电磁干扰,提出两种新型软开关SRD功率电路拓扑:并联准谐振直流环节型SRD功率电路和电容分压准谐振直流环节型SRD功率电路。首先介绍了两种功率电路的结构和特点,然后通过对电路进行工作模式划分并求出其在各工作模式下的等效电路,详细解析了两种电路的软开关工作机理,推算出各工作模式的时间长度以及保证正常谐振应满足的基本条件,并给出合理的控制时序。进而借助PSPICE软件对提出的软开关功率电路进行数字仿真,研究了相开关开通时刻变化、电感储能期长短、母线零电压期宽窄以及SRM绕组电感大小等因素对谐振性能的影响,验证了各开关器件的软开关性能。
随着能源问题的日益突出,原先一些生产工艺不需要电机调速的传动系统也希望通过调速达到节能目的。尤其是高压大功率风机、水泵等传动机械,在工业领域应用广泛,耗电量巨大,通过调速可节约大量电能。但因电力电子器件耐压不足,采用器件直接串联的方式均压问题又难以解决,至今高压SRD还是空白。为此,本文将特殊变压器与低压单元电路巧妙结合,提出一种新型高压SRD功率变换器。论文介绍了新型高压SRD的构成和原理,阐述了新型高压SRD功率变换器的电压叠加原理,从数学分析和计算机仿真两方面论证了新型高压SRD功率变换器对电网几乎无谐波污染,而且网侧功率因数高,最后通过实验对新型高压SRD功率变换器的性能进行了验证。
论文进一步将准谐振软开关方案引入新型高压SRD功率变换器中,使电力电子器件在零电压下转换状态,从一个侧面提高了功率变换器的可靠性。同时给出软开关高压SRD功率变换器的控制策略,并通过MATLAB仿真验证。
Switched reluctance drive (called SRD for short) is made up of switched reluctance motor (called SRM for short), power converter and controller, of which power converter is the key factor that affects the performance and the cost of SRD. In the troditional hard-switching mode, there exist switching losses, electric stress and electromagnetic interference in the SRD power converter. In order to decrease the switching losses of the power devices, reduce the switch electrical stress and restrain the electromagnetic interference generated in the the switching process, this paper puts forward two new soft-switching SRD power converter topologies: parallel quasi-resonant DC link-based SRD power converter and capacitor divider quasi-resonant DC link-based SRD power converter. In this paper, first, it introduced the structures and features of the two power converters. Then, by dividing the operating mode of the circuits and finding the equivalent circuits under each operating mode, the paper analysed their soft-switching mechanisms, calculated the time that each mode takes and ensures the basic requirements that normal resonance has to meet, and gave the reasonable time sequence for control. Finally, using PSPICE software, digital simulations to the proposed soft-switching power circuits were conducted. By means of simulating, the influences to the resonance properties by various factors were studied, which include the changes of time when the phase switch opening, the length of the inductive energy storage, the zero voltage period width of the bus and the size of the SRM winding inductance. At the same time, the soft-switching performance of all devices was validated by simulating.
As energy issues become increasingly prominent, it is expected that some of the original drive system, whose producing technics do not require the speed of motor, can achieve their purposes of energy-saving by speed governing. Particularly, the drive systems of high-voltage high-power fans, pumps and other machines, which have huge power consumption, can save a lot of power by speed governing. But because of having no high voltage power electronic devices, and voltage equalization among devices in series is still hard to realize by connecting devices in series directly, the field of high voltage SRD is blank so far. Therefore, this paper proposed a new type of high voltage SRD power converter by combining a special transformer and low voltage cell circuits ingeniously. The paper introduced the composition and the theory of the new type of high-voltage SRD, explaind the voltage regulating principles of the power converter. As well, it demonstrated that the power converter almost has no harmonic pollution to the power source and has a high net-side power factor from three aspects: mathematical analysis, computer simulation and experiment.
Furthermore, the paper also brought the quasi-resonant soft switching scheme into the new high-voltage SRD power converter, makes it easier for the power electronic devices to switch in zero voltage condition. So, the reliability of the power converter is improved from one side. It also gives the control strategy of the soft-switching high-voltage SRD power converter, which is verified by MATLAB simulation.
随着能源问题的日益突出,原先一些生产工艺不需要电机调速的传动系统也希望通过调速达到节能目的。尤其是高压大功率风机、水泵等传动机械,在工业领域应用广泛,耗电量巨大,通过调速可节约大量电能。但因电力电子器件耐压不足,采用器件直接串联的方式均压问题又难以解决,至今高压SRD还是空白。为此,本文将特殊变压器与低压单元电路巧妙结合,提出一种新型高压SRD功率变换器。论文介绍了新型高压SRD的构成和原理,阐述了新型高压SRD功率变换器的电压叠加原理,从数学分析和计算机仿真两方面论证了新型高压SRD功率变换器对电网几乎无谐波污染,而且网侧功率因数高,最后通过实验对新型高压SRD功率变换器的性能进行了验证。
论文进一步将准谐振软开关方案引入新型高压SRD功率变换器中,使电力电子器件在零电压下转换状态,从一个侧面提高了功率变换器的可靠性。同时给出软开关高压SRD功率变换器的控制策略,并通过MATLAB仿真验证。
Switched reluctance drive (called SRD for short) is made up of switched reluctance motor (called SRM for short), power converter and controller, of which power converter is the key factor that affects the performance and the cost of SRD. In the troditional hard-switching mode, there exist switching losses, electric stress and electromagnetic interference in the SRD power converter. In order to decrease the switching losses of the power devices, reduce the switch electrical stress and restrain the electromagnetic interference generated in the the switching process, this paper puts forward two new soft-switching SRD power converter topologies: parallel quasi-resonant DC link-based SRD power converter and capacitor divider quasi-resonant DC link-based SRD power converter. In this paper, first, it introduced the structures and features of the two power converters. Then, by dividing the operating mode of the circuits and finding the equivalent circuits under each operating mode, the paper analysed their soft-switching mechanisms, calculated the time that each mode takes and ensures the basic requirements that normal resonance has to meet, and gave the reasonable time sequence for control. Finally, using PSPICE software, digital simulations to the proposed soft-switching power circuits were conducted. By means of simulating, the influences to the resonance properties by various factors were studied, which include the changes of time when the phase switch opening, the length of the inductive energy storage, the zero voltage period width of the bus and the size of the SRM winding inductance. At the same time, the soft-switching performance of all devices was validated by simulating.
As energy issues become increasingly prominent, it is expected that some of the original drive system, whose producing technics do not require the speed of motor, can achieve their purposes of energy-saving by speed governing. Particularly, the drive systems of high-voltage high-power fans, pumps and other machines, which have huge power consumption, can save a lot of power by speed governing. But because of having no high voltage power electronic devices, and voltage equalization among devices in series is still hard to realize by connecting devices in series directly, the field of high voltage SRD is blank so far. Therefore, this paper proposed a new type of high voltage SRD power converter by combining a special transformer and low voltage cell circuits ingeniously. The paper introduced the composition and the theory of the new type of high-voltage SRD, explaind the voltage regulating principles of the power converter. As well, it demonstrated that the power converter almost has no harmonic pollution to the power source and has a high net-side power factor from three aspects: mathematical analysis, computer simulation and experiment.
Furthermore, the paper also brought the quasi-resonant soft switching scheme into the new high-voltage SRD power converter, makes it easier for the power electronic devices to switch in zero voltage condition. So, the reliability of the power converter is improved from one side. It also gives the control strategy of the soft-switching high-voltage SRD power converter, which is verified by MATLAB simulation.
引文
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