摘要
本文作为国家“十五”863子课题—兆瓦级失速型风力发电机组电气控制系统的研制
的一部分,首先介绍了风力发电机组控制系统的相关理论,接着提出了兆瓦级失速型风电
机组电控系统的总体结构,进行了有关电控系统基本功能与机组控制策略的设计,在此基
础上,提出了电控系统硬件与软件的总体实现方案。
电量参数采集是电控系统的重要组成部分,本文将串行异步数据通讯技术应用于风电
机组的电量采集系统,并收到了较为满意的效果。
软并网技术是兆瓦级失速型风力发电机组控制系统的关键技术之一。本文以软并网装
置主电路的分析与设计—软并网控制系统的建模与仿真分析—可控硅移相触发软并网控
制电路的设计为主线,首先进行了软并网装置主电路部分的分析与设计;然后建立了双绕
组风电机组的完整仿真模型,在对模型进行验证的基础上,提出了有效的风电机组软并网
控制策略,即机组并网转速与可控硅移相规律应随电机转子加速度进行调节,并进行了风
电机组直接并网与软并网过程的仿真分析,得出了相应的结论,为软并网装置的研制提供
了必要的参考依据;最后设计了软并网系统的可控硅移相触发控制电路的硬件与软件的实
现方案,并提出了系统硬件与软件的抗干扰措施,重点阐述了主要软件模块的实现方案。
The thesis is a part of the project of developing an electrical control system (ECS) for mega-watt scale stall-regulated grid-connected wind turbine generator(WTG), which is a key 863 program in the Tenth Five Year Plan.
At first the thesis introduces the relevant theory of the control system of wind turbine unit, then the framework of ECS and control strategy of MW stall-regulated WTG, as well as the detailed description of function of ECS are put forward. Afterward the general design of hardware and software of ECS is presented.
Electrical parameter gathering is an indispensable part of ECS. In the thesis, the technology of serial asynchronous data communication is applied to the electrical parameter gathering system and a satisfactory result is obtained.
Soft cut-in unit is one of the key technologies of the ECS of MW scale stall-regulated WTG. The analysis and design of the main circuit of soft cut-in unit are given first. Then the complete Simulink simulation model of soft cut-in system is established. What is more, an effective control strategy of soft cut-in unit that the cut-in rotate speed of WTG and SCR phase-shifting rule should be adjusted in accordance with the rotate acceleration of rotor is put forward. On the basis that the simulation model is validated, the simulation and analysis of direct cut-in and soft cut-in process of WTG are carried out, which aims at supplying necessary referential material for the R&D of soft cut-in unit. At the same time, some corresponding conclusions are reached. At last the hardware and software design scheme of SCR phase-shifting triggering control circuit of soft cut-in unit as well as its anti-jamming measures is discussed. In addition, the description of some important software models is paid to much attention.
引文
[1] 张正敏.中国风力发电经济激励政策研究.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.11,1~3
[2] 武健,孟庆和.国内外及华北地区风力发电基本情况调研报告.2002.7
[3] 谢长军.龙源开发联网风电的战略设想.中德发展合作:可持续发展能源论坛,2002.9
[4] 盛双文.大型风力发电机组中央控制系统的研制.中国科学院硕士学位论文,2000.6
[5] (法)D.勒古里雷斯著.风力机的理论与设计.施鹏飞译.北京:机械工业出版社,1985
[6] 杨校生,袁玉琪.风力发电机组技术及发展趋势.风力发电,2002(2):17~20
[7] 蔡兆文.Dewind系列风力发电机简介.风力发电,2001(1):33~35
[8] 王叶滔.风力发电机简介.中国可再生能源信息网.专家论文
[9] 中国电工技术学会编.电工高新技术丛书.第二分册(风力发电部分,倪受元主编).北京:机械工业出版社,2000.3,167~273
[10] 国家九五重点科技攻关项目—600kW风力发电机组单机电气控制技术及装备的研制技术资料,中国科学院电工研究所,2001.1
[11] 张福田.异步风力发电机并网运行的理论探讨.风力发电,1991(4):36~40
[12] 马金路.BONUS 150kW风力机软启动的特点及原理.风力发电,1994(4):5~7
[13] 赵斌,许洪华.大型风力发电机组的软并网控制系统.新能源,2000(12):45~47
[14] 叶杭冶.风力发电机组的控制技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2002.6,37~61
[15] 张金霞,汪至中.采用MC68HC11实现的风电场控制系统.风力发电,1998(2):30~34
[16] SIEMENSS7-300可编程控制器产品目录.北京:西门子(中国)有限公司,2000
[17] 武鑫,赵斌等.西门子S7-300PLC在大型风力发电机控制系统中的应用.电气自动化,2003(1):69~71
[18] WBZ型电量采集模块说明书.成都:西南自动化研究所
[19] SIEMENSCP340用户手册.北京:西门子(中国)有限公司,2000
[20] 计宗燮.风力异步发电机的并网方法及其过渡特性.风力发电,1990(1):15~18
[21] 武钢.关于风力发电场与电网的并列运行.风力发电,1990(4):36~38
[22] 吴烽.风力发电机并网技术综述.风力发电,1992(1):5~8
[23] 邵丙衡,电力电子技术.北京:中国铁道出版社,1997.8,112~123
[24] 赵殿甲,可控硅电路.北京:冶金工业出版社,1980.5,250~262
[25] 赵良炳.现代电力电子技术基础.北京:清华大学出版社,1995.5,62~73
[26] 邓星钟.电力拖动基础及其控制系统.北京:高等教育出版社,1992,77~78
[27] 黄俊.半导体变流技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1980.7,161~184
[28] 孙浩.风力发电机组并网冲击电流产生的原因及其控制方法的初步探讨.风力发电,2001(3):6~8
[29] 包能胜,陈庆新.百千瓦级风机建模与仿真.太阳能学报,1997(1):51~58
[30] 薛定宇,陈阳泉.基于MATLAB/Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.4,252~326
[31] 丁道宏.电力电子技术.北京:航空工业出版社,1992.6,77~104
[32] 何立民.MCS-51系列单片机应用系统设计—系统配置与接口技术.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1990.1,38~45
[33] J.马库斯,电子电路大全.第四卷.专用电路.北京:计量出版社,1985.10,p120
[34] 陈君.测算电网频率和谐波的新方法.清华大学学报,2000,40(1):25~27
[35] 徐志斌.一种基于单片机的逆变控制字和变流触发字信号的产生方法.电气传动,1997(2):41~45
[36] 吴显明.单片机8098与三相全控变流装置的接口.电气自动化,1996(3):58~59
[37] 余水宝.直流屏输出电压的微机调控模式研究.电力电子技术,1999(2):61~64
[38] 席爱民.微机实现单相同步六相脉冲数字触发器.电气自动化,1994(5):21~24
[39] 郝新.晶闸管数字触发器的一种新算法—双余法.电气传动,2000(5):25~28
[40] Thomas Ackermann. An overview of wind energy-status 2002. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review, 2002(6): 67~128
[41] CONNOR, B..Control strategies for variable speed stall regulated wind turbines. Proceedings of EWEC'94, Vol. 1: 420~425
[42] Miller A. A Variable Speed Wind Turbine Power Control. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion. 1997, 12(2): 181~186
[43] Iqbal, M.T. ,Coonick, A..Dynamic Control Options for Variable Speed Wind Turbines. Wind Engineering, 1994, Vol 18, No.1: 1~12
[44] Ezio Sesto, Claudio Casale. Exploitation of wind as an energy resource to meet the world's electricity demand. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,
1998 (74-76):375~387
[45] B. F. Habron. Wind-turbine Power Improvement with Modern Airfoil Sections and Multiple-speed Generators. Pennsylvania: 1980
[46] H. Petersen. The 29.3-m Diameter Danish Wind Turbine, 29.3/3/D, For Two-Speed Operation, Rated at 265/60 kW, 50 Hz. Fourth International Symposium on Wind Energy Systems. Sweden, 1982 (9): 21~24
[47] O. Carlson, J. Hylander. Some Methods to Connect a Windpower Induction Generator to the Utility Network. Dept. of Electrical Machinery. Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden: 1996
[48] T. Svensson, C. Briozzo. Grid Connecting Using Thyristors. Fourth International Symposium on Wind Energy Systems. Sweden, 1982 (9): 31~35
[49] Khater, F., Novotny, D.. An Equivalent-Circuit Model for Phase-back Voltage Control of AC Machines. IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 1986, Vol. 1A-22, No.5, Sep-Oct
[50] Y. Sheinman, A. Rosen. A Dynamic Model for Performance Calculations of Grid-Connected Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines: Part Ⅰ—Description of the Model; Part Ⅱ—Validation. Wind Engineering, 1991,Vol. 15, No. 4:211~239
[51] Masandilov, L. Kadar. Stator Voltage Controlled Three-Phase Induction Motor Drive with Burst Firing of Thyristors. PEMC, 1990:125-128
[52] V.V. Sastry, M.R. Prassad. Optimal Soft Starting of Votage-Controller-Fed IM Drive Based on Voltage Across Thyristor. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 1997,12(6)
[53] Simoes, M.G., Bose, B. K.. Design and Development of Fuzzy Logic Control Strategies for Wind Turbine Generators. Wind Engineering, 1995, Vol. 19, No. 5:235~247
[54] H. N.AL-DUWAISH, Z. M.AL-HAMOUZ. Adaptive Output Feedback for Wind Turbine Generators Using Neural Networks. Electric Machines and Power Systems, 1999(27): 465~479
[55] R. Chedid, F. Mrad.. Intelligent Control for Wind Energy Conversion Systems. Wind Engineering, 1998, Vol. 22, No. 1:1~16
[56] WINDPOWER MONTHLY, Denmark. Vol. 19, No.4, APRIL 2003:p78