基于ARM7的数字化控制零电压零电流全桥PWM DC-DC变换器研究
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摘要
数字化是现代电源的发展趋势,软开关技术是当代电源技术的研究热点,二者的融合势必将极大地提高电源的效率,改善电源的控制精度,减小电源的体积,提高电源的功率密度。因此,本文在这两方面的结合上做了一些尝试性工作,设计了一种基于ARM处理器数字化控制的零电压零电流开关(ZVZCS)全桥DC/DC变换器。
本文在分析该新型变换器工作原理的基础上,推导了变换器在各种状态时的参数计算方程并运用Pspice9.2软件成功地对变换器主电路进行了仿真,分析了各参数对变换器性能的影响,并得出了变换器的优化设计参数;设计了以ARM芯片LPC2214为核心的数字化控制系统,并通过软件设计实现了反馈信号的采集、PWM移相控制信号的输出、控制算法、键盘与液晶等人机界面的设计,探讨了无静差二次型最优PID参数整定算法。最后,在上述分析与仿真的基础上研制了一台基于该新型拓扑的数字化500瓦移相控制零电压零电流开关电源,给出了其主电路、驱动电路、控制电路、保护电路及高频变压器等的设计计算过程,并在实验样机上测量出了实际运行时的波形。
实验结果表明:本文的零电压零电流变换器拓扑结构合理,参数设计正确,与预想的理论分析吻合,能够在较大的负载范围内实现超前桥臂的零电压开关和滞后桥臂的零电流开关。采用数字控制之后,系统的硬件电路得到了极大地简化,控制方法灵活多变,且具有良好的人机交互功能,因此具有较高的实用价值。
The digitalization of power supply has become a trend and the soft-switching technology has become a hot spot in power supply field now. The combination of these two directions must be very helpful in improving the power supply's effect and control precision, reducing its volume and improving its power density. This thesis attempts to do some work in combining digital control and soft-switching technology. In this thesis, a novel zero-voltage zero-current full-bridge DC/DC converter which based on digital control by ARM MCU was designed.
Based on analysis of the novel converter's working principle, the parameters calculation equations were derived and the main circuit of the converter has been simulated by PSpice 9.2 successful, the performance of the converter which caused by all parameters has been analyzed and the optimized design parameter has been given out. The digital control system which based on ARM MCU LPC2214 has been designed. The software of control system realized the acquisition of feedback signals, the output of PWM phase-shift control signals, the control algorithm and man-machine interface. After that, some analysis on zero-static-error quadratic-optimal PID parameter setting theory has been given. After theoretical analysis and simulation, a digital zero-voltage zero-current phase-shift full-bridge converter was designed, its power is 500W. The key design process of main circuit, driving circuit, control circuit, protect circuit and high-frequency transformer has been given in this thesis. The converter's key working waveforms have been given in the last of the thesis.
The experiment results show that: The topology of the novel zero-voltage zero-current converter is reasonable, the parameter design is right, all the results are coincide well with theoretical analysis. The converter can realize the zero-voltage switching of leading leg and zero-current switching of lagging leg. After employed digital control, the hardware of converter has been greatly simplified and the control method is flexible. The converter also has good man-machine interaction function. So this converter has high practical value.
本文在分析该新型变换器工作原理的基础上,推导了变换器在各种状态时的参数计算方程并运用Pspice9.2软件成功地对变换器主电路进行了仿真,分析了各参数对变换器性能的影响,并得出了变换器的优化设计参数;设计了以ARM芯片LPC2214为核心的数字化控制系统,并通过软件设计实现了反馈信号的采集、PWM移相控制信号的输出、控制算法、键盘与液晶等人机界面的设计,探讨了无静差二次型最优PID参数整定算法。最后,在上述分析与仿真的基础上研制了一台基于该新型拓扑的数字化500瓦移相控制零电压零电流开关电源,给出了其主电路、驱动电路、控制电路、保护电路及高频变压器等的设计计算过程,并在实验样机上测量出了实际运行时的波形。
实验结果表明:本文的零电压零电流变换器拓扑结构合理,参数设计正确,与预想的理论分析吻合,能够在较大的负载范围内实现超前桥臂的零电压开关和滞后桥臂的零电流开关。采用数字控制之后,系统的硬件电路得到了极大地简化,控制方法灵活多变,且具有良好的人机交互功能,因此具有较高的实用价值。
The digitalization of power supply has become a trend and the soft-switching technology has become a hot spot in power supply field now. The combination of these two directions must be very helpful in improving the power supply's effect and control precision, reducing its volume and improving its power density. This thesis attempts to do some work in combining digital control and soft-switching technology. In this thesis, a novel zero-voltage zero-current full-bridge DC/DC converter which based on digital control by ARM MCU was designed.
Based on analysis of the novel converter's working principle, the parameters calculation equations were derived and the main circuit of the converter has been simulated by PSpice 9.2 successful, the performance of the converter which caused by all parameters has been analyzed and the optimized design parameter has been given out. The digital control system which based on ARM MCU LPC2214 has been designed. The software of control system realized the acquisition of feedback signals, the output of PWM phase-shift control signals, the control algorithm and man-machine interface. After that, some analysis on zero-static-error quadratic-optimal PID parameter setting theory has been given. After theoretical analysis and simulation, a digital zero-voltage zero-current phase-shift full-bridge converter was designed, its power is 500W. The key design process of main circuit, driving circuit, control circuit, protect circuit and high-frequency transformer has been given in this thesis. The converter's key working waveforms have been given in the last of the thesis.
The experiment results show that: The topology of the novel zero-voltage zero-current converter is reasonable, the parameter design is right, all the results are coincide well with theoretical analysis. The converter can realize the zero-voltage switching of leading leg and zero-current switching of lagging leg. After employed digital control, the hardware of converter has been greatly simplified and the control method is flexible. The converter also has good man-machine interaction function. So this converter has high practical value.
引文
[1]张小林,冉建桥,李贤云,郭丽萍.我国开关电源发展的思考[J].微电子学,2004,34(4):402-406.
[2]竹上荣治.全数字化控制开关电源的开发[M].电盛兰达株式会社,2006.
[3]刘胜利.现代高频开关电源实用技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2001.
[4]阮新波,严仰光.直流开关电源的软开关技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.
[5]阮新波,严仰光.脉宽调制DC/DC全桥变换器的软开关技术[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.
[6]蔡宣三.开关电源发展轨迹[J].电子产品世界,2004(4):42-43.
[7]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计(修订版)[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[8]周志敏,周纪海.开关电源实用技术设计与应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2003.
[9]王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术(第四版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.
[10]何希才.新型开关电源的设计与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.
[11]陈青昌.移相全桥数字化ZVS直流变换器研究[D].华中科技大学硕士论文,2005.
[12]谢永刚.移相全桥ZVZCS变换器及数字化控制研究[D].华中科技大学硕士学位论文,2002.
[13]洪波.全数字控制DC/DC变换器[D].合肥工业大学硕士论文,2007.
[14]龙泳涛.移相控制ZVS PWM DC-DC全桥变换器软开关技术及其应用[D].湖南大学硕士论文,2002.
[15]Li Peng,Yong Kang,Xuejun Pei,etal,"A Novel PWM Technique in Digital Control"[C].IEEE Transcations.Industrial Electionics,2007,54(1):338-346.
[16]Zeng Yong,Lu Zheng Yu,Qian Zhaoming,"A limit-cycle suppressor method for digital PWM resolution enhancement in high frequency DC/DC converter"[J].Proceedings of the Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering,2002,22(8):22-25
[17]孙铁成,王高林,汤平华,张学广.基于数字信号处理器控制的新型全桥移 相式零电压零电流开关PWM DC-DC变换器[J].中国电机工程学报.2005,25(18):46-50.
[18]郑尊标.数字化智能电源模块研究[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文,2001.
[19]S.Moisseev,K.Soshin,S.Sato,L.Gamage et al.“Novel soft-commutation DC-DC power converter with high-frequency transformer secondary side phase-shifted PWM active rectifier”[C].IEE Proc.-Electr.Power Appl.,Vol.151,No.3,May 2004,pp.260-267.
[20]Dong-Yun Lee,Min-Kwang Lee,Dong-Seok Hyun et al.“New Zero-Current-Transition PWM DC/DC Converters Without Current Stress”[C].IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS,Vol.18,No.1,Jan 2003,pp.95-104.
[21]J.G.Cho,J.W.Baek,D.W.Yoo,H.S.Lee,and G.H.Rim.“Novel zero-voltage and zero-current-switching(ZVZCS) full bridge PWM converter using transformer auxiliary winding”[C].IEEE Trans Power Electron,vol.15,pp.250-257,Mar.2000.
[22]Kyoung-Wook Seok and Bong-Hwan Kwon.“An Improved Zero-voltage and Zero-current-switching Full-brigde PWM Conerter Using a Simple Resonant Circuit”[C].IEEE Trans.Ind.Electron.,vol.48,pp.1205-1209,Dec.2001.
[23]Song TingTing and Huang Nianci.“A novel Zero-Voltage and Zero-Current -Switching Full-bridge PWM Converter”[C].IEEE Conf.2003,pp.1088-1092.
[24]“Phase shift resonant converter UC3875/6/7/8/9” Product & Applications Hand Book 1995-1996,Unitrode Integrated Circuits corporation.
[25]CMdeOStein,HLHey.“A true ZCZVT commutation cell for PWM converters”[C].IEEETrans,OnPowerElectronics,2000,15(1):185-193.
[26]Lin Zhoubu.“A passive regenerative soft switching converter with the simplest topology”[C].IEEE,2002:949-954.
[27]DongYunLee,MinKwangLee,Dong-Seok,et al.” New Zero Current Transition PWM DC/DC Converter without Current Stress”[J].IEEETransonPE,2003,18(1):95-104.
[28]CarlosMarcelo,JoseRenesPinheiro,HelioLeaesHey.“A ZCT Auxiliary Commutation Circuit for Interleaved Boost Converters Operating in Critical Conduction Mode”[J].IEEE Transon PE,2002,17(6),954-962.
[29]周林泉.零电压零电流开关PWM全桥变换器的研究与工程实现[D].南京 航空航天大学硕士论文,2000.
[30]凌俊杰,刘星桥.电流控制模式多路输出开关电源的研制[D].电源技术应用.2004(12):728-731.
[31]刘福鑫.高压直流电源系统中DC/DC变换器的研究[D].南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[32]许峰,徐殿国,王健强,柳玉秀.软开关大功率全桥PWM变换器拓扑结构的对比分析[J].电力电子技术.2002,36(6):51-53.
[33]付丽,杨旭,卓放等.基于滑模变结构控制的数字化全桥移相软开关电源[J].电工电能新技术.2003,22(4):32-35.
[34]朱建华,罗方林.功率谐振变换器及其发展方向[J].电工电能新技术.2004,23(1):55-59.
[35]张松,王正勇,吴晓红等.基于DSP实现的软开关电源控制系统[J].信息与电子工程.2003,1(2):50-53.
[36]S.J.Jeon,F.Canales,P.M.Barbosa et al."A Primary-Side-Assisted Zero-Voltage and Zero-Current Switching Three-Level DC-DC Convener with Phase-Shift Control"[C].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2002.16(5):641-647.
[37]Xinbo Ruan,Yangguang Yan."An improved phase-shifted zero-voltage and zero-current switching PWM converter"[C].APEC '98 Conference Proceedings,1998,2(12):811-815.
[38]Jung-Goo Cho,Chang-Yong Jeong,Lee,F.C."Zero-voltage and zero-current-switching full-bridge PWM convener using secondary active clamp"[C].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1998,13(4):601-607.
[39]Jung-Goo Cho,Ju-Won Baek,Chang-Yong Jeong et al."Novel zero-voltage and zero-current-switching full-bridge PWM convener using a simple auxiliary circuit"[C].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1999,35(1):15-20.
[40]叶怀民.熔断器特性及正确选用方法[J].船电技术.2000(5):32-37.
[41]陈永真,宁武等.单管变换器及其应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[42]钱振宇.开关电源的电磁兼容性设计与测试[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[43]阮新波.三电平直流变换器及其及其软开关技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[44]Erickson R W,Maksimovic D.Fundamental of power electronics.2~(nd) Edition [M].Publisher:Kluwer Academic Publishers,2001.
[45]曹建安,王兆安.无损吸收ZVS-ZCS FB PWM变换器的优化设计[J].电力电子技术,2001(1):10-12.
[46]李爱文,张承慧.现代逆变技术及其应用[M].科学出版社,2000.
[47]周立功.ARM嵌入式系统基础教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.
[48]周立功.ARM嵌入式系统实验教程(一)[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.
[49]胡寿松,王执铨,胡维礼.最优控制理论与系统[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
[50]尹丽云,陆益民,林小峰.DC/DC变换器无静差二次型最优PID参数整定[J].计算机工程与应用.2007(10):191-194.
[2]竹上荣治.全数字化控制开关电源的开发[M].电盛兰达株式会社,2006.
[3]刘胜利.现代高频开关电源实用技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2001.
[4]阮新波,严仰光.直流开关电源的软开关技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.
[5]阮新波,严仰光.脉宽调制DC/DC全桥变换器的软开关技术[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.
[6]蔡宣三.开关电源发展轨迹[J].电子产品世界,2004(4):42-43.
[7]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计(修订版)[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[8]周志敏,周纪海.开关电源实用技术设计与应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2003.
[9]王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术(第四版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003.
[10]何希才.新型开关电源的设计与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.
[11]陈青昌.移相全桥数字化ZVS直流变换器研究[D].华中科技大学硕士论文,2005.
[12]谢永刚.移相全桥ZVZCS变换器及数字化控制研究[D].华中科技大学硕士学位论文,2002.
[13]洪波.全数字控制DC/DC变换器[D].合肥工业大学硕士论文,2007.
[14]龙泳涛.移相控制ZVS PWM DC-DC全桥变换器软开关技术及其应用[D].湖南大学硕士论文,2002.
[15]Li Peng,Yong Kang,Xuejun Pei,etal,"A Novel PWM Technique in Digital Control"[C].IEEE Transcations.Industrial Electionics,2007,54(1):338-346.
[16]Zeng Yong,Lu Zheng Yu,Qian Zhaoming,"A limit-cycle suppressor method for digital PWM resolution enhancement in high frequency DC/DC converter"[J].Proceedings of the Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering,2002,22(8):22-25
[17]孙铁成,王高林,汤平华,张学广.基于数字信号处理器控制的新型全桥移 相式零电压零电流开关PWM DC-DC变换器[J].中国电机工程学报.2005,25(18):46-50.
[18]郑尊标.数字化智能电源模块研究[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文,2001.
[19]S.Moisseev,K.Soshin,S.Sato,L.Gamage et al.“Novel soft-commutation DC-DC power converter with high-frequency transformer secondary side phase-shifted PWM active rectifier”[C].IEE Proc.-Electr.Power Appl.,Vol.151,No.3,May 2004,pp.260-267.
[20]Dong-Yun Lee,Min-Kwang Lee,Dong-Seok Hyun et al.“New Zero-Current-Transition PWM DC/DC Converters Without Current Stress”[C].IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS,Vol.18,No.1,Jan 2003,pp.95-104.
[21]J.G.Cho,J.W.Baek,D.W.Yoo,H.S.Lee,and G.H.Rim.“Novel zero-voltage and zero-current-switching(ZVZCS) full bridge PWM converter using transformer auxiliary winding”[C].IEEE Trans Power Electron,vol.15,pp.250-257,Mar.2000.
[22]Kyoung-Wook Seok and Bong-Hwan Kwon.“An Improved Zero-voltage and Zero-current-switching Full-brigde PWM Conerter Using a Simple Resonant Circuit”[C].IEEE Trans.Ind.Electron.,vol.48,pp.1205-1209,Dec.2001.
[23]Song TingTing and Huang Nianci.“A novel Zero-Voltage and Zero-Current -Switching Full-bridge PWM Converter”[C].IEEE Conf.2003,pp.1088-1092.
[24]“Phase shift resonant converter UC3875/6/7/8/9” Product & Applications Hand Book 1995-1996,Unitrode Integrated Circuits corporation.
[25]CMdeOStein,HLHey.“A true ZCZVT commutation cell for PWM converters”[C].IEEETrans,OnPowerElectronics,2000,15(1):185-193.
[26]Lin Zhoubu.“A passive regenerative soft switching converter with the simplest topology”[C].IEEE,2002:949-954.
[27]DongYunLee,MinKwangLee,Dong-Seok,et al.” New Zero Current Transition PWM DC/DC Converter without Current Stress”[J].IEEETransonPE,2003,18(1):95-104.
[28]CarlosMarcelo,JoseRenesPinheiro,HelioLeaesHey.“A ZCT Auxiliary Commutation Circuit for Interleaved Boost Converters Operating in Critical Conduction Mode”[J].IEEE Transon PE,2002,17(6),954-962.
[29]周林泉.零电压零电流开关PWM全桥变换器的研究与工程实现[D].南京 航空航天大学硕士论文,2000.
[30]凌俊杰,刘星桥.电流控制模式多路输出开关电源的研制[D].电源技术应用.2004(12):728-731.
[31]刘福鑫.高压直流电源系统中DC/DC变换器的研究[D].南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[32]许峰,徐殿国,王健强,柳玉秀.软开关大功率全桥PWM变换器拓扑结构的对比分析[J].电力电子技术.2002,36(6):51-53.
[33]付丽,杨旭,卓放等.基于滑模变结构控制的数字化全桥移相软开关电源[J].电工电能新技术.2003,22(4):32-35.
[34]朱建华,罗方林.功率谐振变换器及其发展方向[J].电工电能新技术.2004,23(1):55-59.
[35]张松,王正勇,吴晓红等.基于DSP实现的软开关电源控制系统[J].信息与电子工程.2003,1(2):50-53.
[36]S.J.Jeon,F.Canales,P.M.Barbosa et al."A Primary-Side-Assisted Zero-Voltage and Zero-Current Switching Three-Level DC-DC Convener with Phase-Shift Control"[C].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2002.16(5):641-647.
[37]Xinbo Ruan,Yangguang Yan."An improved phase-shifted zero-voltage and zero-current switching PWM converter"[C].APEC '98 Conference Proceedings,1998,2(12):811-815.
[38]Jung-Goo Cho,Chang-Yong Jeong,Lee,F.C."Zero-voltage and zero-current-switching full-bridge PWM convener using secondary active clamp"[C].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1998,13(4):601-607.
[39]Jung-Goo Cho,Ju-Won Baek,Chang-Yong Jeong et al."Novel zero-voltage and zero-current-switching full-bridge PWM convener using a simple auxiliary circuit"[C].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1999,35(1):15-20.
[40]叶怀民.熔断器特性及正确选用方法[J].船电技术.2000(5):32-37.
[41]陈永真,宁武等.单管变换器及其应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[42]钱振宇.开关电源的电磁兼容性设计与测试[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[43]阮新波.三电平直流变换器及其及其软开关技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[44]Erickson R W,Maksimovic D.Fundamental of power electronics.2~(nd) Edition [M].Publisher:Kluwer Academic Publishers,2001.
[45]曹建安,王兆安.无损吸收ZVS-ZCS FB PWM变换器的优化设计[J].电力电子技术,2001(1):10-12.
[46]李爱文,张承慧.现代逆变技术及其应用[M].科学出版社,2000.
[47]周立功.ARM嵌入式系统基础教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.
[48]周立功.ARM嵌入式系统实验教程(一)[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.
[49]胡寿松,王执铨,胡维礼.最优控制理论与系统[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
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