并联式混合动力电动客车系统设计与分析
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摘要
本文论述了厦门金龙旅行车有限公司混合动力客车XML6112PHEV第一轮混合动力系统的匹配设计、数学建模、仿真分析和试验结果,并就发现的问题提出部分解决方案。
首先根据设计样车的使用要求选择了并联混合动力系统作为研究设计对象。根据国内外技术现状及发展趋势,对动力系统进行了概念设计,并进一步对各关键部件进行了型式研究,初步确定了部件的参数,提出了动力系统匹配方案。
然后在充分研究己有模型的基础上,提出了本样车混合动力系统各组成部件的建模方法,并在Matlab/Simulink环境中建立了适合于后轮驱动的ADVISOR平台运行的仿真模型,以保证模型的实用性和可靠性。在仿真输入过程中,着重解决了发动机、电动机的实验数据到模型数据的转换输入和各项仿真设置问题,从而提高了仿真精度。
通过对样车的仿真分析结果看出,整车的动力性能与设计目标基本符合,但也发现蓄电池组的容量取值导致在该样车的公交行驶环境下的能量补偿不足,这些仿真结果也在试验中得以验证。
作为设计中的重要一环,文中还介绍了样车在试验中采取的测试方法,采集了上海工况的车速和发动机转速等数据,并从整车运行及测试结果中验证了建模的正确、仿真方法的可行性和可靠性;最后,分析蓄电池亏电的原因,提出解决方案,在最后的运行结果中,与同线路的基础车相比,节油率达到30%,满足设计目标。
This article elaborated the original drive train system design of hybrid electric Bus XML6112PHEV of Xiamen Golden Dragon Coach Co.Ltd, which including the match design, mathematics modeling, simulation analysis, prototype test, and its phase results.
Firstly, parallel hybrid drivetrain is selected as the drive system of the prototype according to its use requirement. The structure of the drive system is conceptive designed based on the recent level of the hybrid electric vehicle in the world. The parameters of the key components are computed and optimally matched by the analysis of the system and their special characteristics.
Secondly, the methodology and modeling issues of the drivetrain components were described by making reference to the model presented in some paper. Based on Matlab/Simulink modeling environment, the rear wheel drive components are modularized and can run in the ADVISOR (Advanced Vehicle Simulator), a MATLAB simulation program developed by the U. S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Lab. These ensure the utility and reliability of the model. During the simulation input step, the input of engine map and motor efficiency map are very difficult, so their solutions were given great emphasis. To improve the precision of the simulation, the advanced options of the ADVISOR (such as Grade test and Acceleration Test) were newly set up.
This article carried on the simulation analysis to the proto type, the power performance showed accord with the design goal. Conducted tests verified the insufficient accumulator cell capability problem, Which Was found in the simulation analysis of the major components.
As a very importment part of design, the method adopted during the testing process together with the collection of vehicle speed and engine speed data of the actual Shanghai operating mode is introduced. The reliability of simulation and the correctness of modeling is verified during the vehicle operation. Also the insufficient accumulator battery problem is analyzed and its solution is raised. In comparison with other equivalent ones, the hybrid electric bus satisfied the design goal, 30% fuel saved.
首先根据设计样车的使用要求选择了并联混合动力系统作为研究设计对象。根据国内外技术现状及发展趋势,对动力系统进行了概念设计,并进一步对各关键部件进行了型式研究,初步确定了部件的参数,提出了动力系统匹配方案。
然后在充分研究己有模型的基础上,提出了本样车混合动力系统各组成部件的建模方法,并在Matlab/Simulink环境中建立了适合于后轮驱动的ADVISOR平台运行的仿真模型,以保证模型的实用性和可靠性。在仿真输入过程中,着重解决了发动机、电动机的实验数据到模型数据的转换输入和各项仿真设置问题,从而提高了仿真精度。
通过对样车的仿真分析结果看出,整车的动力性能与设计目标基本符合,但也发现蓄电池组的容量取值导致在该样车的公交行驶环境下的能量补偿不足,这些仿真结果也在试验中得以验证。
作为设计中的重要一环,文中还介绍了样车在试验中采取的测试方法,采集了上海工况的车速和发动机转速等数据,并从整车运行及测试结果中验证了建模的正确、仿真方法的可行性和可靠性;最后,分析蓄电池亏电的原因,提出解决方案,在最后的运行结果中,与同线路的基础车相比,节油率达到30%,满足设计目标。
This article elaborated the original drive train system design of hybrid electric Bus XML6112PHEV of Xiamen Golden Dragon Coach Co.Ltd, which including the match design, mathematics modeling, simulation analysis, prototype test, and its phase results.
Firstly, parallel hybrid drivetrain is selected as the drive system of the prototype according to its use requirement. The structure of the drive system is conceptive designed based on the recent level of the hybrid electric vehicle in the world. The parameters of the key components are computed and optimally matched by the analysis of the system and their special characteristics.
Secondly, the methodology and modeling issues of the drivetrain components were described by making reference to the model presented in some paper. Based on Matlab/Simulink modeling environment, the rear wheel drive components are modularized and can run in the ADVISOR (Advanced Vehicle Simulator), a MATLAB simulation program developed by the U. S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Lab. These ensure the utility and reliability of the model. During the simulation input step, the input of engine map and motor efficiency map are very difficult, so their solutions were given great emphasis. To improve the precision of the simulation, the advanced options of the ADVISOR (such as Grade test and Acceleration Test) were newly set up.
This article carried on the simulation analysis to the proto type, the power performance showed accord with the design goal. Conducted tests verified the insufficient accumulator cell capability problem, Which Was found in the simulation analysis of the major components.
As a very importment part of design, the method adopted during the testing process together with the collection of vehicle speed and engine speed data of the actual Shanghai operating mode is introduced. The reliability of simulation and the correctness of modeling is verified during the vehicle operation. Also the insufficient accumulator battery problem is analyzed and its solution is raised. In comparison with other equivalent ones, the hybrid electric bus satisfied the design goal, 30% fuel saved.
引文
[1] 胡琴,曹正策,张振宇,混合动力电动城市公交客车产业化研究[J], 武汉:中国电动汽车年会,2005.9。
[2] 罗明立,混合动力电动公交车的特点和发展现状[J],武汉:中国电动汽车年会,2005.9。
[3] Antoni Szumanowski,混合电动车辆基础[M],北京:北京理工大学出版社,2001.11。
[4] 陈清泉,孙逢春,祝嘉光编著,现代电动汽车技术[M],北京:北京理工大学出版社,2002。
[5] 孙逢春等编著,电动汽车[M],北京:北京理工大学出版社,1997 年:25～26。
[6] 曾方编著,电力电子技术[M],西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2004 年:56～60。
[7] 余志生,汽车理论[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2002:87～95。
[8] 张志涌等编著,精通 MATLAB 6.5 版[M],北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003,360～429。
[9] 张翔,赵韩,钱立军等,混合动力轿车的建模与仿真[J],计算机仿真,2005,22(1):233～237。
[10] 曾小华,军用混合动力轻型越野汽车动力总成匹配控制策略研究[硕士学位论文],长春:吉林大学汽车工程学院,2002。
[11] 冈田隆夫,大西和夫等编著,电机学[M],北京:科学出版社,2003。
[12] 万沛霖,电动汽车的关键技术[M],北京:北京理工大学出版社,1998。
[13] 宋慧,混合动力源电动车典型车型精选[J],世界汽车2001(3)。
[14] 胡骅,混合动力源电动车和电动车的蓄电池[J],世界汽车2001(3)。
[15] 胡骅,混合动力源电动车和电动车的电动机[J],世界汽车2001(3)。
[16] Jordi BigorraCarles BorregoJoan et al , Innovative electrical and electronic architecture for vehicles With dual voltage power networks,In-vehicle application,SAE2000-01-0452, 2000。
[17] Jonathan A. ButcherNeel Vasavada, Joseph Bayer optimizing the University of Wisconsin's parallel hybrid-electric aluminum intensive vehicle, SAE2000-01-0593, 2000。
[18] Isaya Matsuo, Shinseki, Hiromasa Maeda Development of a high-performance hybrid propulsion system incorporating a CVT. et al. SAE2000-01-0992, 2000。
[19] Takeshi Miyamoto, Etsuo Oogami, Ltd, Masato Origuchi. Development of a lithium-ion battery system for HEV, SAE2000-01-1057, 2000。
[20] 何洪文,混合驱动车辆动力传动系合理匹配研究[D],长春吉林大学汽车工程学院 2000。
[21] 舒红,秦大同,胡建军,混合动力汽车控制策略研究现状及发展趋势[J],重庆大学学报,2001,11:28～31。
[22] 杨宏亮,陈全世,混联式混合动力控制策略研究综述[J],公路交通科技,2002,2:103～107。
[23] 李士勇,夏承光,模糊控制和智能控制理论和应用[M],哈尔滨工业大学出版社:1990。
[24] 诸静,模糊控制原理与应用[M],机械工业出版社:1995。
[25] Bradley Glenn,Gregory Washington, Giorgio Rizzoni. Operation and control strategies for hybrid electric automobiles ,SAE2000-01-1537,2000。
[26] Vahid Motevalli,Kartik Venkat Bulusu. Overview of hybrid electric vehicle safety and the potential for hydrogen ignition by static electricity ,SAE2000-01-1538,2000。
[27] Wu-Qiang Long, Kenji Morita,Nobuo Iwai. Analysis of HEV components efficiency on fuel economy View Document. SAE2000-01-1542,2000。
[28] Valerie H. Johnson , Keith B. wipke. HEV control strategy for real-time optimization of fuel economy and emissions, SAE2000-01-1543, 2000。
[29] 舒 红 等 , 混 合 动 力 汽 车 动 力 传 动 系 统 参 数 设 计 [J] , 农 业 机 械 学 ,V0l.33,NO.1,2002.1。
[30] WWW.ctts.nrel.gov/analysis
[31] 张京明,赵桂范,姜立标,发动机特性计算模型在整车技术中的应用,车用发动机,2000,(6):26～28。
[32] T.Backstron et al. Control of the integrated energy transducer drive for hybrid electric vehicle.EVS14.USA.1997。
[33] 万德永,王友林,发动机特性曲线拟合与作图,林业建设,1999,(2):32～36。
[34] 魏春源,张卫正,葛蕴珊,高等内燃机学[M],第一版。北京理工大学出版社,2001:363～377。
[35] 何渝生,汽车控制理论基础及应用[M],第一版。重庆大学出版社,1995。
[36] 朱松然主编,蓄电池实用手册[M],机械工业出版社,1993。
[37] 彭金春,陈全世,韩学晋,电动汽车铅酸电池充放电过程建模[J],汽车技术,1996.8。
[38] 柳长立,电动汽车驱动系统的电动机选择[J],汽车技术,1995。
[39] Pragasen P.Ramn K.Modeling, Simulation, and Analysis of Permanent-magnet Motor Drivers, Part, the Brushless dc Motor Drive. IEEE Trans.1989 。
[40] 胡骅,宋慧,电动汽车[M],北京:人民交通出版社,2003。
[41] Martin Schmidt, Rolf isermann,Bernd Lenzen,etal , Potential of Regenerative Braking Using an Integrated Starter Alternator[J],SAE 2000-01-1020。
[2] 罗明立,混合动力电动公交车的特点和发展现状[J],武汉:中国电动汽车年会,2005.9。
[3] Antoni Szumanowski,混合电动车辆基础[M],北京:北京理工大学出版社,2001.11。
[4] 陈清泉,孙逢春,祝嘉光编著,现代电动汽车技术[M],北京:北京理工大学出版社,2002。
[5] 孙逢春等编著,电动汽车[M],北京:北京理工大学出版社,1997 年:25～26。
[6] 曾方编著,电力电子技术[M],西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2004 年:56～60。
[7] 余志生,汽车理论[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2002:87～95。
[8] 张志涌等编著,精通 MATLAB 6.5 版[M],北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003,360～429。
[9] 张翔,赵韩,钱立军等,混合动力轿车的建模与仿真[J],计算机仿真,2005,22(1):233～237。
[10] 曾小华,军用混合动力轻型越野汽车动力总成匹配控制策略研究[硕士学位论文],长春:吉林大学汽车工程学院,2002。
[11] 冈田隆夫,大西和夫等编著,电机学[M],北京:科学出版社,2003。
[12] 万沛霖,电动汽车的关键技术[M],北京:北京理工大学出版社,1998。
[13] 宋慧,混合动力源电动车典型车型精选[J],世界汽车2001(3)。
[14] 胡骅,混合动力源电动车和电动车的蓄电池[J],世界汽车2001(3)。
[15] 胡骅,混合动力源电动车和电动车的电动机[J],世界汽车2001(3)。
[16] Jordi BigorraCarles BorregoJoan et al , Innovative electrical and electronic architecture for vehicles With dual voltage power networks,In-vehicle application,SAE2000-01-0452, 2000。
[17] Jonathan A. ButcherNeel Vasavada, Joseph Bayer optimizing the University of Wisconsin's parallel hybrid-electric aluminum intensive vehicle, SAE2000-01-0593, 2000。
[18] Isaya Matsuo, Shinseki, Hiromasa Maeda Development of a high-performance hybrid propulsion system incorporating a CVT. et al. SAE2000-01-0992, 2000。
[19] Takeshi Miyamoto, Etsuo Oogami, Ltd, Masato Origuchi. Development of a lithium-ion battery system for HEV, SAE2000-01-1057, 2000。
[20] 何洪文,混合驱动车辆动力传动系合理匹配研究[D],长春吉林大学汽车工程学院 2000。
[21] 舒红,秦大同,胡建军,混合动力汽车控制策略研究现状及发展趋势[J],重庆大学学报,2001,11:28～31。
[22] 杨宏亮,陈全世,混联式混合动力控制策略研究综述[J],公路交通科技,2002,2:103～107。
[23] 李士勇,夏承光,模糊控制和智能控制理论和应用[M],哈尔滨工业大学出版社:1990。
[24] 诸静,模糊控制原理与应用[M],机械工业出版社:1995。
[25] Bradley Glenn,Gregory Washington, Giorgio Rizzoni. Operation and control strategies for hybrid electric automobiles ,SAE2000-01-1537,2000。
[26] Vahid Motevalli,Kartik Venkat Bulusu. Overview of hybrid electric vehicle safety and the potential for hydrogen ignition by static electricity ,SAE2000-01-1538,2000。
[27] Wu-Qiang Long, Kenji Morita,Nobuo Iwai. Analysis of HEV components efficiency on fuel economy View Document. SAE2000-01-1542,2000。
[28] Valerie H. Johnson , Keith B. wipke. HEV control strategy for real-time optimization of fuel economy and emissions, SAE2000-01-1543, 2000。
[29] 舒 红 等 , 混 合 动 力 汽 车 动 力 传 动 系 统 参 数 设 计 [J] , 农 业 机 械 学 ,V0l.33,NO.1,2002.1。
[30] WWW.ctts.nrel.gov/analysis
[31] 张京明,赵桂范,姜立标,发动机特性计算模型在整车技术中的应用,车用发动机,2000,(6):26～28。
[32] T.Backstron et al. Control of the integrated energy transducer drive for hybrid electric vehicle.EVS14.USA.1997。
[33] 万德永,王友林,发动机特性曲线拟合与作图,林业建设,1999,(2):32～36。
[34] 魏春源,张卫正,葛蕴珊,高等内燃机学[M],第一版。北京理工大学出版社,2001:363～377。
[35] 何渝生,汽车控制理论基础及应用[M],第一版。重庆大学出版社,1995。
[36] 朱松然主编,蓄电池实用手册[M],机械工业出版社,1993。
[37] 彭金春,陈全世,韩学晋,电动汽车铅酸电池充放电过程建模[J],汽车技术,1996.8。
[38] 柳长立,电动汽车驱动系统的电动机选择[J],汽车技术,1995。
[39] Pragasen P.Ramn K.Modeling, Simulation, and Analysis of Permanent-magnet Motor Drivers, Part, the Brushless dc Motor Drive. IEEE Trans.1989 。
[40] 胡骅,宋慧,电动汽车[M],北京:人民交通出版社,2003。
[41] Martin Schmidt, Rolf isermann,Bernd Lenzen,etal , Potential of Regenerative Braking Using an Integrated Starter Alternator[J],SAE 2000-01-1020。