考虑恢复序列的电力系统黑启动分区研究
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摘要
电力系统大停电后的黑启动过程是一个非常复杂的操作过程,合理的黑启动方案在电力系统大停电后的快速恢复过程中发挥着重要作用。通过将大系统划分成几个子系统同时启动,在完成各个子系统的主网架恢复后,进行各个子系统间的并列,可以加快系统恢复的进程。本文对黑启动的系统分区问题进行了研究,在考虑机组启动时间限制的基础上将电力系统分区问题和各子系统内恢复序列的确定问题通过搜索最短路径的办法同时解决。此外,采用最优潮流算法解决了负荷恢复序列问题。
本文介绍了电力系统黑启动过程中为机组或变电站节点寻找最短路径的方法。依次搜索目标节点与系统已恢复部分中所有节点之间的最短路径,并从中选择出时间操作权值最小的路径作为目标节点的恢复路径,使系统恢复所用的时间最短。在本文的分区方法中,应用Floyd算法为机组和变电站节点选择最短的恢复路径。
对机组的启动特性进行了分析和整理,以恢复时间最短、机组在时限内得到恢复的数目最多并且各分区规模和恢复时间相当为目标,设计了一种自动搜索黑启动分区方案并同时得到其恢复序列的优化算法。根据机组的三个启动时间限制,将整个系统恢复分为三个阶段,每个阶段都按照相应的恢复时限的紧迫程度将机组或变电站进行排序,依次搜索待恢复节点到各个已恢复区域的最短路径,确定机组分区。本算法从机组的启动时限出发,保证了最短时间内使最多的机组在启动时限内恢复,更加适用于电力系统实际,可提高系统恢复的效率。
在各子系统的骨架子网恢复完成后,选择合适的并网线路对各骨架子网进行并列形成整个系统的骨架网络。然后,根据负荷重要性及系统的一些约束条件进行负荷恢复,采用最优潮流算法得到完整的并行恢复序列。
采用IEEE118节点系统为算例,验证了本文分区恢复算法的有效性,并以IEEE30节点系统为算例,对负荷恢复算法进行了验证。
Black-start restoration of a power system after a complete blackout is a very complicated operating process. Reasonable black-start schemes play a major role to the fast restoration of power system after blackout. Partitioning the whole system into several subsystems which are restored in parallel can speed up the restoration process. Black-start network partitioning problem has been researched in this thesis. The problems of system partitioning and the restoration sequence determination of the subsystems are solved in one time by searching the shortest restoring paths. In addition, the load restoration problem is solved by the optimal power flow algorithm. This thesis introduced how to choose the shortest recover paths of units and substations. According to the method, and Floyd algorithm which is used for searching the shortest distance and path between any two nodes in the graph is introduced to choose the recover path for the nodes in power system.
Through analyzing and summarizing the start-up characteristics of the units, an optimization approach of network partitioning and the restoration sequence determination for black-start is proposed in the thesis. The optimization target is to restore as many generating units as possible in the shortest time and to balance the restoration times of the subsystems. Based on the three start-up time limits of thermal units, the whole restoration process is divided into three stages. In each stage, the units or substations are ordered according to the corresponding start-up time limit and the shortest restoring paths to the restored area are searched one by one by the Floyd algorithm, then the subsystem in which a unit belongs to can be determined. Through considering the unit’s start-up time limits and minimizing the restoration time in the network reconfiguration, the number of the units restarted successfully within the start-up time limits is maximized, so the speed and efficiency of the system restoration can be significantly improved.
After completing the reconfiguration of all the skeleton sub-networks, the subsystems are reconnected into the complete skeleton network of the original power system. Then, the loads are restored according to the importance of the loads and the operating constraints of the system.
The IEEE 118 bus system is employed as an example to verify the validity of the proposed network partitioning approach, and the IEEE 30 bus system is used to verify the load recovery algorithm.
本文介绍了电力系统黑启动过程中为机组或变电站节点寻找最短路径的方法。依次搜索目标节点与系统已恢复部分中所有节点之间的最短路径,并从中选择出时间操作权值最小的路径作为目标节点的恢复路径,使系统恢复所用的时间最短。在本文的分区方法中,应用Floyd算法为机组和变电站节点选择最短的恢复路径。
对机组的启动特性进行了分析和整理,以恢复时间最短、机组在时限内得到恢复的数目最多并且各分区规模和恢复时间相当为目标,设计了一种自动搜索黑启动分区方案并同时得到其恢复序列的优化算法。根据机组的三个启动时间限制,将整个系统恢复分为三个阶段,每个阶段都按照相应的恢复时限的紧迫程度将机组或变电站进行排序,依次搜索待恢复节点到各个已恢复区域的最短路径,确定机组分区。本算法从机组的启动时限出发,保证了最短时间内使最多的机组在启动时限内恢复,更加适用于电力系统实际,可提高系统恢复的效率。
在各子系统的骨架子网恢复完成后,选择合适的并网线路对各骨架子网进行并列形成整个系统的骨架网络。然后,根据负荷重要性及系统的一些约束条件进行负荷恢复,采用最优潮流算法得到完整的并行恢复序列。
采用IEEE118节点系统为算例,验证了本文分区恢复算法的有效性,并以IEEE30节点系统为算例,对负荷恢复算法进行了验证。
Black-start restoration of a power system after a complete blackout is a very complicated operating process. Reasonable black-start schemes play a major role to the fast restoration of power system after blackout. Partitioning the whole system into several subsystems which are restored in parallel can speed up the restoration process. Black-start network partitioning problem has been researched in this thesis. The problems of system partitioning and the restoration sequence determination of the subsystems are solved in one time by searching the shortest restoring paths. In addition, the load restoration problem is solved by the optimal power flow algorithm. This thesis introduced how to choose the shortest recover paths of units and substations. According to the method, and Floyd algorithm which is used for searching the shortest distance and path between any two nodes in the graph is introduced to choose the recover path for the nodes in power system.
Through analyzing and summarizing the start-up characteristics of the units, an optimization approach of network partitioning and the restoration sequence determination for black-start is proposed in the thesis. The optimization target is to restore as many generating units as possible in the shortest time and to balance the restoration times of the subsystems. Based on the three start-up time limits of thermal units, the whole restoration process is divided into three stages. In each stage, the units or substations are ordered according to the corresponding start-up time limit and the shortest restoring paths to the restored area are searched one by one by the Floyd algorithm, then the subsystem in which a unit belongs to can be determined. Through considering the unit’s start-up time limits and minimizing the restoration time in the network reconfiguration, the number of the units restarted successfully within the start-up time limits is maximized, so the speed and efficiency of the system restoration can be significantly improved.
After completing the reconfiguration of all the skeleton sub-networks, the subsystems are reconnected into the complete skeleton network of the original power system. Then, the loads are restored according to the importance of the loads and the operating constraints of the system.
The IEEE 118 bus system is employed as an example to verify the validity of the proposed network partitioning approach, and the IEEE 30 bus system is used to verify the load recovery algorithm.
引文
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[7]周云海,刘映尚,胡翔勇.大停电事故后的系统网架恢复[J],中国电机工程学报,2008,28(10):32-36
[8] M.M. Adibi, Fink L H.Power System Restoration Planning[J].IEEE Trans on Power Systems,1994,9(1) :22～28
[9] R.R.Lindstorm.Simulation and field tests of the black start of a large coal-fired generating station utilizing small remote hydro generation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1990,5(1) :162-168
[10] N.A.Fountas,N.D , Hatziagyriou , C.Orfanogiannis , et.al . Interactive long-term simulation for power system restoration planning[J] . IEEE Transactions on Power System,1997,12(1) :61-68
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[12]江长明,闰贺群,许鹏.华北电网黑启动试验[J].电力系统自动化,2000,24(22):57-58
[13]熊惠敏,房鑫炎.电力系统全网停电后的恢复--黑启动综述[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,1999,11(3):12～17
[14] M.M.Adibi,P.Clelland,et al.Power system restoration-a task force report[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1987,2(2):271～277
[15] M.M.Adibi,J.N.Borkoski,et al.Power system restoration-the second task force report[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1987,2(4):927～933
[16]马燕峰,顾雪平.黑启动过程中操作过电压的仿真计算[J].高电压技术,2006,32(11):123～126
[17]房鑫炎.电力系统黑启动研究[J].中国电力,2000,33(1):40～43
[18]杨艳,赵书强,顾雪平,等.黑启动方案中启动厂用负荷时电压与频率的仿真校验[J].继电器,2004,32(8):22～25
[19] P.G.Boliaris,J.M.Prousalidis,et al.Simulation of long transmission lines energization for black start studies[J] . IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1994,12(3):1093～1096
[20] Abbas Ketabi,AliM.Ranjbar,Rent Feuillet.A New Method for Dynamically Calculation of Load Steps during Power System Restoration[J].2000,158～162
[21] Z. X. Cai,Y. X. Ni. A Direct Method For Frequency Stability Assessment Of Power Systems[J].Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Advances in Power System Control,Operation and Management,APSCOM 2000,Hong Kong,October 2000,285～289
[22] C.A.Canizares,F.L.Alvarado. Point of Collapse and Continuation Methods for Large AC/DC Systems[J].IEEE Trans on PWRS,1993,8(1):1～8
[23] Venkataramana Ajjarapu, Colin Christy.The Continuation Power Flow A Tool for Steady State Vo]tage Stability Analysis[J].IEEE Trans on PW RS,1992,7(1):4l6～423
[24] J.Gutierrez et al.Policies for Restoration of a Power System[J].IEEE Trans.v.PWRS-2,May 1987,436～442
[25] Jerry J. Ancona.A Framework For Power System Restoration Following a Major Power Failure[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,Vol. 10,No.3,August 1995,1480～1485
[26] Overbye T J.A Power flow measure for unsolvable case[J] .IEEE Trans on Power System,1994,9(3) :1359～1365
[27] Overbye T J.Computation of practical method to restore power flowsolvability[J] .IEEE Trans on Power Systems,1995,10(1) :280～285
[28] Z.B. Kremens,M. Labuzek.Load Flow Analysis Incorporating Frequency as a State Vector Variable[J].2000
[29]周云海,闵勇.负荷的快速恢复算法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(3):74～79
[30] Stott B,Marinho J L.Linear programming for power system network security applications[J] . IEEE Transactionson Power Apparatus and Systems,l979,PAS98 (3) :837～848
[31] L.H.Fink,K.L.Liou,C.C.Liu .From Generic Restoration to Specific Restoration[J].IEEE Trans on Power System,1995,10(2) :745～752
[32]蔡述涛,张尧,荆朝霞.地方电网黑启动方案的制定[J].电力系统自动化.2005,29 (12) :73-76
[33]殷建刚,刘江平,高文亮.合理制订电网黑启动过程的继电保护方案[J].华中电力,2002,15(增刊) :81-83
[34] ADIBI.M.M , MILANICZDP . Protective System Issues During Restoration[J].IEEE Trans on Power System,1995,10(3) :1492-1496.
[35] Sakaguchi T,Matsumoto K.Development of a knowledge based system for power system restoration[J].IEEE Trans.On Power Apparatus and Systems, 1983,PAS-102(2) :320-329
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