森林监护移动GIS及火灾扑救设备调度关键技术研究
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摘要
目前,随着天保工程的深入推进以及智慧林业要求的不断提高,林业工作的信息化、网络化和智能化已经成为森工企业适应新机遇、面对新挑战的前提和基础,也是加速林业现代化建设的重要手段。然而,作为林业现代化建设中最不可或缺的部分,森林监护工作由于监护面积大、监护人员监管难以及野外工作等缺陷,其现代化进展非常缓慢。因此,研究人员一直探求将先进的技术和方法应用到森林监护工作中,以提高效率,加强监督,实现监护数据的实时获取和高效传输。本文充分利用移动GIS具有的GPS卫星定位、智能终端携带方便以及无线网络互联等特点,在对其进行深入研究的基础上,将其应用到森林监护工作中,以实现森林监护工作的实时监护和数字化跟踪管理。
本文研究和总结了森林监护工作的国内外发展现状,分析了目前实际工作中存在的问题,并确定将移动GIS应用到森林监护工作中；并且,针对于移动智能终端自身存在的有限带宽和计算能力与对位置的依赖性等劣势,及其在森林监护工作中的应用难点,确定了本文的研究方向和主要研究内容,即最大限度的发挥移动GIS在森林监护工作中的作用,实现森林监护工作中基于位置的各种空间信息服务。
本文对基于移动GIS的森林监护空间信息服务进行研究和分析,确定适合本系统的空间信息服务体系。在移动通信网络方面,采用了卫星网络和广域蜂窝网络混合的通信网络；在移动定位技术方面,采用了混合移动定位技术；在移动GIS信息服务模式方面,采用了离线和在线两者混合的信息服务模式；在WebGIS实现策略方面,采用了客户端策略和服务器端策略相互补充配合的混合策略。
为了最大限度的发挥移动GIS在森林监护工作中的作用,本文对矢量空间数据压缩、空间数据存储与管理、空间数据索引、空间数据渐进传输、空间数据缓存以及火灾扑救设备的分配与调度等关键技术进行研究。在对各矢量数据压缩算法进行比较分析的基础上,提出了基于多目标优化的Douglas-Peucker矢量数据压缩算法,以寻求在矢量数据压缩过程中压缩率和压缩误差的最优组合；在对前人研究进行总结分析的基础上,提出了去冗余动态四叉树空间索引算法,以实现移动GIS的空间数据索引；对空间数据渐进传输和空间数据缓存进行研究,以实现空间数据的优化传输,提高用户的查询效率；对森林火灾扑救设备的分配与调度进行研究,以实现多出救点多目标的森林火灾扑救设备优化调度。
为了对本研究进行实际检验,本文对基于移动GIS的森林监护系统进行研究。对系统的功能需求和数据需求进行分析,并根据系统的需求进行系统的体系结构设计、功能设计和系统流程设计,再根据系统的设计进行系统功能实现。为了解决无线网络环境下的安全问题,对系统的相关安全策略进行探讨。该系统在黑龙江省塔河林业局进行实际应用,并取得了较好的效果。
通过对森林监护移动GIS及火灾扑救设备调度关键技术进行研究,能够实现森林资源监护巡查过程的全方位数字化跟踪管理,极大地提高林业监护工作的效率,从根本上遏制谎报、瞒报和旷工等现象,对森林的人为破坏和自然灾害做到及时监护和报警,防止国有资产的大量流失,产生极大的经济效益和社会效益。
Now, with the advancing of the natural forest protection project and the unceasing enhancement of intelligent requirements for forest, networking and intelligent has become the premise and foundation of the forest enterprises to adapt to new opportunities and face to new challenges, but also an important means of accelerating the modernize forest construction. However, as the most important part of the modernize forest construction, the modernization of the forest monitoring work develops slowly, mainly because of the flaws of large area of forest monitoring, hard supervising to the work staff, and field work. Therefore, researchers have been exploring advanced technology and methods, in order to increase the work efficiency, strengthen supervision and management, and realize real-time data acquisition and rapid transmission. This paper was carried out based on the depth research of mobile GIS system which has the characteristics of GPS satellite positioning, intelligent terminal easy to carry and wireless networks interconnected, so as to realize the Real-time monitoring and digital management of the forest management work.
This paper studies and summarizes the research and development status of forest monitoring work at home and abroad, analyzes the current problems of actual work and identifies the application for mobile GIS to forest monitoring work. Besides, for the disadvantages of limited bandwidth and computing power and dependence on the location to the the mobile terminal, and its difficulties for the application to the monitoring work, identifying the study direction and main contents, namely maximum the role of Mobile GIS for the forest monitoring work and realize a variety of location-based spatial information services in the work.
The information service on the mobile space is studied and analyzed to determine the information service system for the forest monitoring system. In the mobile communication network, adopt the hybrid communications networks composed by satellite network and wide area cellular networks; in the mobile positioning technology, adopt a hybrid mobile location technology; in the mobile GIS information service pattern, adopt a mixture information service pattern of both offline and online; in the WebGIS implementation strategy, adopt the hybrid strategy composed by client-side policy and server-side policy.
In order to maximum the role of Mobile GIS for the forest monitoring work, this paper studies the key technology of vector spatial data compression, spatial data storage and management, spatial data indexing, progressive transmission of spatial data, spatial data cache and the distribution and scheduling of fire fighting equipment, etc. In the vector data compression algorithm, based on the comparative analysis of each algorithm, propose multi- objective optimization based on Douglas-Peucker vector data compression algorithm to find the optimal combination of the vector data compression ratio and the compression errors; In the basis of the analysis of previous studies, the redundant removed dynamic quardtree spatial index algorithm was put forward to realize the spatial data index of mobile GIS; progressive transmission of spatial data and spatial data cache are studied in order to realize the optimization of spatial data transmission and improve the user's query efficiency; The distribution and scheduling of forest rescue mechanical is studied in order to realize the multi-depot multi-objective optimization scheduling of forest fire fighting equipment.
For the inspection of the key technology, the system of forest monitoring based on mobile GIS is studied. The system functional and data requirements are analyzed and the system architecture design, functional design and system process design are implemented according to the system requirements, and then the system functions are achieved according to the design of the system. In order to solve the the security problem in the wireless network environment, the related safety strategy of the system were discussed. This system has applied in Tahe forest agency of Hei Longjiang province and attached good results.
Through the study on key technology of mobile GIS and fire fighting equipment scheduling facing forest monitoring, the full range of inspection and the digital track management of the administration for the forest resources is realized, to enhance the efficiency of forest administration work greatly and containment of lie, concealing, absenteeism and other phenomena, as well as timely monitor and report the destruction of forests and natural disaster to prevent a huge loss of state assets, result in great economic and social benefits.
本文研究和总结了森林监护工作的国内外发展现状,分析了目前实际工作中存在的问题,并确定将移动GIS应用到森林监护工作中；并且,针对于移动智能终端自身存在的有限带宽和计算能力与对位置的依赖性等劣势,及其在森林监护工作中的应用难点,确定了本文的研究方向和主要研究内容,即最大限度的发挥移动GIS在森林监护工作中的作用,实现森林监护工作中基于位置的各种空间信息服务。
本文对基于移动GIS的森林监护空间信息服务进行研究和分析,确定适合本系统的空间信息服务体系。在移动通信网络方面,采用了卫星网络和广域蜂窝网络混合的通信网络；在移动定位技术方面,采用了混合移动定位技术；在移动GIS信息服务模式方面,采用了离线和在线两者混合的信息服务模式；在WebGIS实现策略方面,采用了客户端策略和服务器端策略相互补充配合的混合策略。
为了最大限度的发挥移动GIS在森林监护工作中的作用,本文对矢量空间数据压缩、空间数据存储与管理、空间数据索引、空间数据渐进传输、空间数据缓存以及火灾扑救设备的分配与调度等关键技术进行研究。在对各矢量数据压缩算法进行比较分析的基础上,提出了基于多目标优化的Douglas-Peucker矢量数据压缩算法,以寻求在矢量数据压缩过程中压缩率和压缩误差的最优组合；在对前人研究进行总结分析的基础上,提出了去冗余动态四叉树空间索引算法,以实现移动GIS的空间数据索引；对空间数据渐进传输和空间数据缓存进行研究,以实现空间数据的优化传输,提高用户的查询效率；对森林火灾扑救设备的分配与调度进行研究,以实现多出救点多目标的森林火灾扑救设备优化调度。
为了对本研究进行实际检验,本文对基于移动GIS的森林监护系统进行研究。对系统的功能需求和数据需求进行分析,并根据系统的需求进行系统的体系结构设计、功能设计和系统流程设计,再根据系统的设计进行系统功能实现。为了解决无线网络环境下的安全问题,对系统的相关安全策略进行探讨。该系统在黑龙江省塔河林业局进行实际应用,并取得了较好的效果。
通过对森林监护移动GIS及火灾扑救设备调度关键技术进行研究,能够实现森林资源监护巡查过程的全方位数字化跟踪管理,极大地提高林业监护工作的效率,从根本上遏制谎报、瞒报和旷工等现象,对森林的人为破坏和自然灾害做到及时监护和报警,防止国有资产的大量流失,产生极大的经济效益和社会效益。
Now, with the advancing of the natural forest protection project and the unceasing enhancement of intelligent requirements for forest, networking and intelligent has become the premise and foundation of the forest enterprises to adapt to new opportunities and face to new challenges, but also an important means of accelerating the modernize forest construction. However, as the most important part of the modernize forest construction, the modernization of the forest monitoring work develops slowly, mainly because of the flaws of large area of forest monitoring, hard supervising to the work staff, and field work. Therefore, researchers have been exploring advanced technology and methods, in order to increase the work efficiency, strengthen supervision and management, and realize real-time data acquisition and rapid transmission. This paper was carried out based on the depth research of mobile GIS system which has the characteristics of GPS satellite positioning, intelligent terminal easy to carry and wireless networks interconnected, so as to realize the Real-time monitoring and digital management of the forest management work.
This paper studies and summarizes the research and development status of forest monitoring work at home and abroad, analyzes the current problems of actual work and identifies the application for mobile GIS to forest monitoring work. Besides, for the disadvantages of limited bandwidth and computing power and dependence on the location to the the mobile terminal, and its difficulties for the application to the monitoring work, identifying the study direction and main contents, namely maximum the role of Mobile GIS for the forest monitoring work and realize a variety of location-based spatial information services in the work.
The information service on the mobile space is studied and analyzed to determine the information service system for the forest monitoring system. In the mobile communication network, adopt the hybrid communications networks composed by satellite network and wide area cellular networks; in the mobile positioning technology, adopt a hybrid mobile location technology; in the mobile GIS information service pattern, adopt a mixture information service pattern of both offline and online; in the WebGIS implementation strategy, adopt the hybrid strategy composed by client-side policy and server-side policy.
In order to maximum the role of Mobile GIS for the forest monitoring work, this paper studies the key technology of vector spatial data compression, spatial data storage and management, spatial data indexing, progressive transmission of spatial data, spatial data cache and the distribution and scheduling of fire fighting equipment, etc. In the vector data compression algorithm, based on the comparative analysis of each algorithm, propose multi- objective optimization based on Douglas-Peucker vector data compression algorithm to find the optimal combination of the vector data compression ratio and the compression errors; In the basis of the analysis of previous studies, the redundant removed dynamic quardtree spatial index algorithm was put forward to realize the spatial data index of mobile GIS; progressive transmission of spatial data and spatial data cache are studied in order to realize the optimization of spatial data transmission and improve the user's query efficiency; The distribution and scheduling of forest rescue mechanical is studied in order to realize the multi-depot multi-objective optimization scheduling of forest fire fighting equipment.
For the inspection of the key technology, the system of forest monitoring based on mobile GIS is studied. The system functional and data requirements are analyzed and the system architecture design, functional design and system process design are implemented according to the system requirements, and then the system functions are achieved according to the design of the system. In order to solve the the security problem in the wireless network environment, the related safety strategy of the system were discussed. This system has applied in Tahe forest agency of Hei Longjiang province and attached good results.
Through the study on key technology of mobile GIS and fire fighting equipment scheduling facing forest monitoring, the full range of inspection and the digital track management of the administration for the forest resources is realized, to enhance the efficiency of forest administration work greatly and containment of lie, concealing, absenteeism and other phenomena, as well as timely monitor and report the destruction of forests and natural disaster to prevent a huge loss of state assets, result in great economic and social benefits.
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