石家庄市区幼儿基本体操开展的现状及影响因素的分析
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摘要
幼儿基本体操是指以学龄前儿童为主要对象,以徒手操动作为主,辅以简单的以简单的技巧动作,加上形式多样的队形变化和造型,配上鲜明欢快的音乐,集体团结协作完成的一种体育活动,它是一项集健身性、大众性、竞技性、娱乐性为一体,形式简单,实效性强的幼儿体育项目,具有突出的健体、健心和娱乐等价值,深受幼儿喜爱。它有别于竞技体操运动中的幼儿体操训练,而是更加遵循幼儿生长发育规律,从幼儿的生理特点、心理特点、认识规律和肢体运动特点出发,引导和促进幼儿身心健康发展,从而达到科学、自然、身心合一的教育目的和教育手段,在健康教育和促进幼儿身心发展方面更具有实践意义。是实现幼儿体育活动任务和对幼儿实施素质教育的重要手段之一,对幼儿全面发展有重要意义。
河北幼儿基本体操发展起步相对较晚,普及面相对狭窄,从2000年至今石家庄市已经连续举办了七届表演大会(2003年由于非典停办一届),除此之外,石家庄市这几年连续选派十二支幼儿园代表队参加了全国表演大会,共获得了六个一等奖,先后四次获得全国通讯评比的一等奖。使幼儿基本体操在石家庄得到了迅速发展,显示出了项目旺盛的生命力。为了更好的宣传和推动该幼儿项目健康、稳定和有序的发展,有必要对幼儿基本体操发展的影响因素进行研究。
本文采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法、逻辑分析法和数理统计法对影响石家庄幼儿基本体操发展的因素进行研究。
通过分析得出以下结论:
1.石家庄幼儿教师群体处于年轻化趋势,精力充沛,学历程度一半以上是大专,大部分教师执教年限短,教学训练经验不足,科研水平不强、运动经历缺乏、能力结构也不够全面。
2.家长对幼儿基本体操了解不够,他们支持孩子参加学习训练和表演的主要原因是因“孩子喜欢”,其主动参与意识不强。
3.幼儿基本体操资料信息较缺乏,幼儿教师获取资料的渠道不够宽泛,缺乏交流。
4.影响石家庄市区发展幼儿基本体操的影响因素主要为领导的重视程度,幼儿教师幼儿基本体操水平,家长对项目的了解和认同,经费问题,政府及有关部门的支持程度,幼儿体操表演大会的规程赛制。
针对目前影响我国表演性幼儿基本体操运动发展的因素,提出如下建议。
1.提高幼儿园基层领导的重视程度
2.基层单位应通过多渠道,多形式筹措资金,加快表演性幼儿基本体操场地、器材和设施建设。
3.加快表演性幼儿基本体操师资队伍建设,完善幼儿教师培训体系。
4.加强政府及相关部门的支持
5.保持基本体操的特色使幼儿基本体操发展平衡、避免“重表演、轻普及”的情况。
6.借助电视、报刊、互联网等新闻媒体的力量来播发表演性幼儿基本体操的资料和信息,进一步加大宣传力度。争取更多人的支持。
7.石家庄幼儿基本体操组织领导部门应建立完善的管理机制,督促幼儿基本体操组织领导机构开展工作,如培训教师,组织表演和比赛等。
Young children basic gymnastics is a kind of team sport practiced mainly by preschool children, featured by empty-handed physical jerks supplemented by simple techniques, diversified formation and model, and brightly-rhymed music. It combines body-training, mass participation, competition and entertainment together, simple but practical. The sport is quite popular among young children for its body-training, psychological training and entertainment values and serves as an important means to involve children into sport activities and to implement quality education for children, which is significant to the overall development of the young children.
The practice of the young children basic gymnastics in Hebei province started relatively late with comparatively narrow coverage. From 2000 Shijiazhaung city has held 7 exhibition games (2003 exhibition game is suspended because of the SARS epidemic). Besides, the city has selected 12 kindergarten teams to participate the national exhibition games and won six first prizes and four first prizes by the national media, which spurs the development of the young children basic gymnastics and shows the vitality of the sport. In order to better propagandize and promote the healthy, steady and ordered development of the sport, it is necessary to carry out the research into the factors influencing its development.
The methods of literature documentation, questionnaire, interviewing experts, logical analysis, and mathematic statistics are deployed in the research into factors influencing development of young children basic gymnastics in Shijiazhaung city.
The following are the conclusion made through analysis:
1. The major factor influencing basic gymnastics development of young children in Shijiazhuang city is leaders' attitude. Although a majority of leaders in the kindergartens support basic gymnastics development of young children, yet some still do not give enough attention to the sport due to the lack of understanding.
2. The coach group is young and energetic with high education level. However, they lack the ability to do scientific research due to their short of teaching and training experience and incomplete ability-structure. They need further study and improvement.
3. The parents do not have enough understanding of the sport. They support their children to participate training and performance of sport because "their children like it" but with little active involvement.
4. The organizers of young children basic gymnastics in Shijiazhaung city dedicate themselves to the course of children education without concerning the payment and make great contributions to the development and popularization of the sport. However, due to the aging of the leadership, the recruit of young carders is necessary.
5. Notwithstanding the abundance of the documents and information, the coaches do not have enough channels in getting them due to lacking of communication.
6. Young children basic gymnastics has been integrated into the education plan as an important physical education and body training means in kindergartens in Shijiazhuang city. Although it has become a grand occasion, its development is still not balanced due to structure problem which "stresses more on performance while pays less attention on popularization".
The following suggestions are proposed concerning the factors affecting the, development of young children basic gymnastics in China.
1. Raise the awareness of leadership in kindergarten level.
2. Speed up construction of the site, equipment and facilities for the performing young children basic gymnastics in kindergarten level.
3. Improve teacher-training system so as to speed up the training of teachers for performing basic young children gymnastics.
4. Seek supports from government and relevant departments.
5. Preserve the basic features of young children basic gymnastics with a balanced development so as to avoid the problem of "stressing more on performance while paying less attention on popularization".
6. Further strengthen the propaganda by publicizing the documents and information of performing young children basic gymnastics through media such as television, newspaper and magazine, and internet so as to win more support.
7. Built a sound management mechanism so as to supervise the leaders in charge of young children basic gymnastics work to organize well in training of teachers, performance and competition.
河北幼儿基本体操发展起步相对较晚,普及面相对狭窄,从2000年至今石家庄市已经连续举办了七届表演大会(2003年由于非典停办一届),除此之外,石家庄市这几年连续选派十二支幼儿园代表队参加了全国表演大会,共获得了六个一等奖,先后四次获得全国通讯评比的一等奖。使幼儿基本体操在石家庄得到了迅速发展,显示出了项目旺盛的生命力。为了更好的宣传和推动该幼儿项目健康、稳定和有序的发展,有必要对幼儿基本体操发展的影响因素进行研究。
本文采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法、逻辑分析法和数理统计法对影响石家庄幼儿基本体操发展的因素进行研究。
通过分析得出以下结论:
1.石家庄幼儿教师群体处于年轻化趋势,精力充沛,学历程度一半以上是大专,大部分教师执教年限短,教学训练经验不足,科研水平不强、运动经历缺乏、能力结构也不够全面。
2.家长对幼儿基本体操了解不够,他们支持孩子参加学习训练和表演的主要原因是因“孩子喜欢”,其主动参与意识不强。
3.幼儿基本体操资料信息较缺乏,幼儿教师获取资料的渠道不够宽泛,缺乏交流。
4.影响石家庄市区发展幼儿基本体操的影响因素主要为领导的重视程度,幼儿教师幼儿基本体操水平,家长对项目的了解和认同,经费问题,政府及有关部门的支持程度,幼儿体操表演大会的规程赛制。
针对目前影响我国表演性幼儿基本体操运动发展的因素,提出如下建议。
1.提高幼儿园基层领导的重视程度
2.基层单位应通过多渠道,多形式筹措资金,加快表演性幼儿基本体操场地、器材和设施建设。
3.加快表演性幼儿基本体操师资队伍建设,完善幼儿教师培训体系。
4.加强政府及相关部门的支持
5.保持基本体操的特色使幼儿基本体操发展平衡、避免“重表演、轻普及”的情况。
6.借助电视、报刊、互联网等新闻媒体的力量来播发表演性幼儿基本体操的资料和信息,进一步加大宣传力度。争取更多人的支持。
7.石家庄幼儿基本体操组织领导部门应建立完善的管理机制,督促幼儿基本体操组织领导机构开展工作,如培训教师,组织表演和比赛等。
Young children basic gymnastics is a kind of team sport practiced mainly by preschool children, featured by empty-handed physical jerks supplemented by simple techniques, diversified formation and model, and brightly-rhymed music. It combines body-training, mass participation, competition and entertainment together, simple but practical. The sport is quite popular among young children for its body-training, psychological training and entertainment values and serves as an important means to involve children into sport activities and to implement quality education for children, which is significant to the overall development of the young children.
The practice of the young children basic gymnastics in Hebei province started relatively late with comparatively narrow coverage. From 2000 Shijiazhaung city has held 7 exhibition games (2003 exhibition game is suspended because of the SARS epidemic). Besides, the city has selected 12 kindergarten teams to participate the national exhibition games and won six first prizes and four first prizes by the national media, which spurs the development of the young children basic gymnastics and shows the vitality of the sport. In order to better propagandize and promote the healthy, steady and ordered development of the sport, it is necessary to carry out the research into the factors influencing its development.
The methods of literature documentation, questionnaire, interviewing experts, logical analysis, and mathematic statistics are deployed in the research into factors influencing development of young children basic gymnastics in Shijiazhaung city.
The following are the conclusion made through analysis:
1. The major factor influencing basic gymnastics development of young children in Shijiazhuang city is leaders' attitude. Although a majority of leaders in the kindergartens support basic gymnastics development of young children, yet some still do not give enough attention to the sport due to the lack of understanding.
2. The coach group is young and energetic with high education level. However, they lack the ability to do scientific research due to their short of teaching and training experience and incomplete ability-structure. They need further study and improvement.
3. The parents do not have enough understanding of the sport. They support their children to participate training and performance of sport because "their children like it" but with little active involvement.
4. The organizers of young children basic gymnastics in Shijiazhaung city dedicate themselves to the course of children education without concerning the payment and make great contributions to the development and popularization of the sport. However, due to the aging of the leadership, the recruit of young carders is necessary.
5. Notwithstanding the abundance of the documents and information, the coaches do not have enough channels in getting them due to lacking of communication.
6. Young children basic gymnastics has been integrated into the education plan as an important physical education and body training means in kindergartens in Shijiazhuang city. Although it has become a grand occasion, its development is still not balanced due to structure problem which "stresses more on performance while pays less attention on popularization".
The following suggestions are proposed concerning the factors affecting the, development of young children basic gymnastics in China.
1. Raise the awareness of leadership in kindergarten level.
2. Speed up construction of the site, equipment and facilities for the performing young children basic gymnastics in kindergarten level.
3. Improve teacher-training system so as to speed up the training of teachers for performing basic young children gymnastics.
4. Seek supports from government and relevant departments.
5. Preserve the basic features of young children basic gymnastics with a balanced development so as to avoid the problem of "stressing more on performance while paying less attention on popularization".
6. Further strengthen the propaganda by publicizing the documents and information of performing young children basic gymnastics through media such as television, newspaper and magazine, and internet so as to win more support.
7. Built a sound management mechanism so as to supervise the leaders in charge of young children basic gymnastics work to organize well in training of teachers, performance and competition.
引文
[1]中国关心下一代工作委员会:幼儿基本体操选集1991-1999
[2]中国关心下一代工作委员会:幼儿基本体操资料汇编:1995-1997
[3]李巧萍,幼儿园应重视开展幼儿基本体操活动 现代教育论丛2003,3,60-63
[4]中国幼儿基本体操网页.www.youerticao.org.cn
[5]中国幼儿基本体操网页.www.youerticao.org.cn
[6]彭启录,浅谈幼儿基本体操对幼儿发育的促进作用[J]攀枝花学院学报,2007,624(3)105-106.
[7]满恒贵,浅谈幼儿基本体操的内容与分类[J].山东体育学院学报,1994,(3).48
[8]2000年版《幼儿基本体操评分规则》
[9]郭西平,幼儿基本体操训练的主要任务和内容[J].训练百科,2005,(3).45-56.
[10]启录,浅谈幼儿基本体操对幼儿发育的促进作用[J],攀枝花学院学报,2006,24.(3).105-106
[11]次央,浅谈幼儿基本体操对幼儿心理生理发展的影响[J].西藏体育,2002,(3).38-39.
[12]杜锦屏,幼儿基本体操对幼儿身心发展的作用[J].南京体育学院学报,2003,12(2).113-114
[13]中国幼儿教育网页.www.jy135.com
[14]唐朝转:《幼儿素质教育》[M].新世纪出版社,1999
[15]何静,幼儿基本体操对于幼儿影响[J].体育师友,2003,5.28-29
[16]刘明明,对高校学前教育专业幼儿基本体操课教学的思考[J].重庆文理学院学报,2006,5.(3).72-73
[17]喇叭花www.labahua.com
[18]曹慧,幼儿基本体操与幼儿素质发展的研究[J].湖南教育学院学报,2002,19.(1).160-164
[19]钟敏,幼儿基本体操训练对幼儿生长的影响[J].上海体育学报,1997,12.214-216
[20]邓翎,幼儿基本体操的特殊作用[J].体育科技,1999,20.(1)64-65
[21]陈红,探究幼儿基本体操发展中的若干问题[J].浙江体育学报,2005,27.(6).50-51
[22]蒋健雄.试谈普及幼儿基本体操的战略意义[J].浙江体育学报,1992,14.(5).18-19
[23]杜传喜,幼儿基本体操增强幼儿体质的探讨[朋.河北体育学报,2003,17.(2).27-28
[24 何幼华等:《幼儿园课程》[M],北京师范大学出版社,2001
[25]体操百科全书
[27]曾庆涛,开封市幼儿基本体操运动的可持续发展研究[J].体育成人教育学刊,2004,20.(4).27-28
[28]张娅,幼儿基本体操锻炼对河北省学龄前儿童智力影响的实验研究[D].河北:河北师范大学,2004.5
[29]李光全,山西省武术健身活动的现状与推广策略研究[D].山西:山西大学,2006.4
[30]汪众,影响我国群众性排球运动普及的主要因素研究[D].福建:福建师范大学,2003.6
[31]张哲,幼儿基本体操训练对心率影响的研究[J].北京体育师范学院,2000,12(3).41-43
[32]王玉君,幼儿基本体操训练效果的追踪调查[J].山西师大体育学院学报,2001,16(4).90-94
[33]尹爱娜,幼儿基本体操与儿童社会化初探[J].南京体育学院学报,2003,2(3).72-73
[34]陈玉玲,幼儿基本体操运动的发展与展望[J].兰州大学学报,2001,29(体育专辑):220-222
[35]黄咏,幼儿基本体操编排的研究[J].西南民族师专学报,1999,12(2).40-43
[36]钟敏,幼儿基本体操训练对幼儿生长的影响[J].山西师大体育学院学报,1997,12(21).212-213
[37]刘岭,幼儿基本体操的可行性与训练初探[J].湖南师范大学社会科学学报,2001,5(30).195-198
[38]厉丽玉.现代社会发展与幼儿体育—对幼儿基本体操队群体特性的初步探讨[J].福建体育科技,1998,17(6).23-26
[39]雷强.陕西省幼儿基本体操运动开展现状的研究[J].西安体育学院学报,1993,10(4).43-46
[40]洪志军.幼儿基本体操表演过程的遥测心率分析[J].吉安师专学报(自然科学),1995,16(6).38-40
[2]中国关心下一代工作委员会:幼儿基本体操资料汇编:1995-1997
[3]李巧萍,幼儿园应重视开展幼儿基本体操活动 现代教育论丛2003,3,60-63
[4]中国幼儿基本体操网页.www.youerticao.org.cn
[5]中国幼儿基本体操网页.www.youerticao.org.cn
[6]彭启录,浅谈幼儿基本体操对幼儿发育的促进作用[J]攀枝花学院学报,2007,624(3)105-106.
[7]满恒贵,浅谈幼儿基本体操的内容与分类[J].山东体育学院学报,1994,(3).48
[8]2000年版《幼儿基本体操评分规则》
[9]郭西平,幼儿基本体操训练的主要任务和内容[J].训练百科,2005,(3).45-56.
[10]启录,浅谈幼儿基本体操对幼儿发育的促进作用[J],攀枝花学院学报,2006,24.(3).105-106
[11]次央,浅谈幼儿基本体操对幼儿心理生理发展的影响[J].西藏体育,2002,(3).38-39.
[12]杜锦屏,幼儿基本体操对幼儿身心发展的作用[J].南京体育学院学报,2003,12(2).113-114
[13]中国幼儿教育网页.www.jy135.com
[14]唐朝转:《幼儿素质教育》[M].新世纪出版社,1999
[15]何静,幼儿基本体操对于幼儿影响[J].体育师友,2003,5.28-29
[16]刘明明,对高校学前教育专业幼儿基本体操课教学的思考[J].重庆文理学院学报,2006,5.(3).72-73
[17]喇叭花www.labahua.com
[18]曹慧,幼儿基本体操与幼儿素质发展的研究[J].湖南教育学院学报,2002,19.(1).160-164
[19]钟敏,幼儿基本体操训练对幼儿生长的影响[J].上海体育学报,1997,12.214-216
[20]邓翎,幼儿基本体操的特殊作用[J].体育科技,1999,20.(1)64-65
[21]陈红,探究幼儿基本体操发展中的若干问题[J].浙江体育学报,2005,27.(6).50-51
[22]蒋健雄.试谈普及幼儿基本体操的战略意义[J].浙江体育学报,1992,14.(5).18-19
[23]杜传喜,幼儿基本体操增强幼儿体质的探讨[朋.河北体育学报,2003,17.(2).27-28
[24 何幼华等:《幼儿园课程》[M],北京师范大学出版社,2001
[25]体操百科全书
[27]曾庆涛,开封市幼儿基本体操运动的可持续发展研究[J].体育成人教育学刊,2004,20.(4).27-28
[28]张娅,幼儿基本体操锻炼对河北省学龄前儿童智力影响的实验研究[D].河北:河北师范大学,2004.5
[29]李光全,山西省武术健身活动的现状与推广策略研究[D].山西:山西大学,2006.4
[30]汪众,影响我国群众性排球运动普及的主要因素研究[D].福建:福建师范大学,2003.6
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