基于模糊理论的图像增强技术研究与实现
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摘要
图像增强技术是图像识别的前提与保证,对于提高图像的质量起着重要的作用。它通过有选择地强调图像中某些信息而抑制另一些信息,来改善图像的视觉效果,将原图像转换成一种更适合人眼观察和计算机分析处理的形式。但由于三维目标投影在二维图像平面上带来的信息丢失,使图像本质上存在模糊性;定义边界、区域和纹理等图像特征时存在模糊性;对图像底层处理结果的解释带有模糊性。因此,模糊信息处理技术在图像处理中的使用有其内在的合理性和必然性。但由于图像处理问题本身存在复杂性和学科交叉性,该问题一直是研究的热点。
本文在参考大量相关文献的基础上,从图像模糊增强算法的诞生到后来学者对其的改进进行了阐述。在分析总结前人工作的基础上,本文也做出了一些力所能及的创新性的劳动。
在交代了数字图像的传统增强算法和模糊增强算法产生的目的、意义以及目前国际国内发展的概况下:阐述了模糊增强方法直接或间接要涉及到的模糊数学的基础理论知识;接着较详细地介绍了模糊增强算法的发展状况,指出了存在的问题并进行了改进;尤其是针对传统的模糊增强算法实现效率低下的状况,引入了一些改进的模糊增强算法,并将一种快速模糊增强算法的增强算子进行了改进;最后为了方便工程应用和实验分析,本文利用MATLAB软件平台设计实现了图像增强处理系统,在图像增强处理系统中集成了本文提出的改进后的快速模糊图像增强算法及大多数基本的图像处理函数,方便快捷地实现图像处理的功能。文章最后对模糊增强算法进行了归纳和总结,并结合本文的不足之处对将来的工作进行了展望。
Image enhancement technology is the prerequisite to and guarantee of image identification,and plays an important role in improving the quality of the image.It improves the image's visual effects by emphasizing the selected information and suppressing other information of the image,the original image is converted into a more suitable style for the human eye to observe and for the computer to deal and analysis.Because the 3D object projects on the 2D images flat will cause the loss of information,there are fuzziness in defining the image characteristics(the border,area and texture),and because the ambiguity explanation in processing the first floor of the image.Therefore,the fuzzy information processing technology to be used in image processing has its inherent rationality and necessity.However,image processing has been a hot issue for a long period beause itselfs complexity and interdisciplinary.Images are inherently fuzziness.
References to a great deal of relevant literature,this paper presents the birth of the digital image fuzzy enhancement algorithm and its improvement giving by the later scholars.On the basis of summaring our predecessors work,some innovative job also be accomplished.
After made clear the traditional digital image enhancement algorithms and fuzzy enhancement algorithm,it discussed the objective,significance and the situation of international and homeland.Firstly,prensented the basic theory of fuzzy mathematics knowledge which fuzzy enhancement method directly or indirectly involved with.
Then Introduced detailedly the status of development for fuzzy enhancement algorithm,pointed out the existence problem and improved.Most especially,the implementation of fuzzy enhancement algorithm is inefficient,it introduced a number of improved fuzzy enhancement algorithm and a fast fuzzy enhancement program implementation.Lastly,in order to facilitate the engineering applications and experimental analysis,we used MATLAB software platform to develop image enhancement processing system,and give a brief introduction on how to use MATLAB GUI design principles and steps.The image enhancement have been developed in an integrated treatment system by using fuzzy image enhancement algorithm and most of the basic image processing function which has been proposed in this paper,and you can call easily by the menu.Finally it summarized the fuzzy enhancement algorithm and combined with the insufficiency of this article,and several suggestions were also proposed for the future work.
本文在参考大量相关文献的基础上,从图像模糊增强算法的诞生到后来学者对其的改进进行了阐述。在分析总结前人工作的基础上,本文也做出了一些力所能及的创新性的劳动。
在交代了数字图像的传统增强算法和模糊增强算法产生的目的、意义以及目前国际国内发展的概况下:阐述了模糊增强方法直接或间接要涉及到的模糊数学的基础理论知识;接着较详细地介绍了模糊增强算法的发展状况,指出了存在的问题并进行了改进;尤其是针对传统的模糊增强算法实现效率低下的状况,引入了一些改进的模糊增强算法,并将一种快速模糊增强算法的增强算子进行了改进;最后为了方便工程应用和实验分析,本文利用MATLAB软件平台设计实现了图像增强处理系统,在图像增强处理系统中集成了本文提出的改进后的快速模糊图像增强算法及大多数基本的图像处理函数,方便快捷地实现图像处理的功能。文章最后对模糊增强算法进行了归纳和总结,并结合本文的不足之处对将来的工作进行了展望。
Image enhancement technology is the prerequisite to and guarantee of image identification,and plays an important role in improving the quality of the image.It improves the image's visual effects by emphasizing the selected information and suppressing other information of the image,the original image is converted into a more suitable style for the human eye to observe and for the computer to deal and analysis.Because the 3D object projects on the 2D images flat will cause the loss of information,there are fuzziness in defining the image characteristics(the border,area and texture),and because the ambiguity explanation in processing the first floor of the image.Therefore,the fuzzy information processing technology to be used in image processing has its inherent rationality and necessity.However,image processing has been a hot issue for a long period beause itselfs complexity and interdisciplinary.Images are inherently fuzziness.
References to a great deal of relevant literature,this paper presents the birth of the digital image fuzzy enhancement algorithm and its improvement giving by the later scholars.On the basis of summaring our predecessors work,some innovative job also be accomplished.
After made clear the traditional digital image enhancement algorithms and fuzzy enhancement algorithm,it discussed the objective,significance and the situation of international and homeland.Firstly,prensented the basic theory of fuzzy mathematics knowledge which fuzzy enhancement method directly or indirectly involved with.
Then Introduced detailedly the status of development for fuzzy enhancement algorithm,pointed out the existence problem and improved.Most especially,the implementation of fuzzy enhancement algorithm is inefficient,it introduced a number of improved fuzzy enhancement algorithm and a fast fuzzy enhancement program implementation.Lastly,in order to facilitate the engineering applications and experimental analysis,we used MATLAB software platform to develop image enhancement processing system,and give a brief introduction on how to use MATLAB GUI design principles and steps.The image enhancement have been developed in an integrated treatment system by using fuzzy image enhancement algorithm and most of the basic image processing function which has been proposed in this paper,and you can call easily by the menu.Finally it summarized the fuzzy enhancement algorithm and combined with the insufficiency of this article,and several suggestions were also proposed for the future work.
引文
[1]Pal.S.k,King.R.A.Image Enhancement using Smoothing width Fuzzy Set IEEE Trans,Syst,Man,Cybern,1981,SMC-11,7:494-501.
[2]X.Yang,P.S.Ton,Adaptive Fuzzy Multilevel Median Filter,IEEE Trans.Image Processing,May 1995,Vol.4,pp.680-682.
[3]F.Russo,G.Rampom.Edge Extraction by FIRE Operators,In Proc.Third IEEE Int.Corlf.Fuzzy Systems,Orlando.FL.1994:249-253.
[4]洪明坚.图像增强的自适应直方图修正算法研究及其应用[D].重庆:重庆大学,2002.
[5]刘忠仁,孙圣和.基于模糊神经网络的脉冲噪声滤波器[J].中国图形图像学报,2001,6(4):63-64.
[6]朱菊华,杨新,施鹏飞.基于纹理分析的保细节平滑滤波器[J].中国图形图像学报,2001,6(11):134-136.
[7]M.van der Schaar,H.Radha.Adaptive Motion-Compensation Fine-Granular-Scalability(AMC-FGS) for Wireless Video.IEEE Trans.Circuit and systems for video technology,12(6),2002:360-371.
[8]张炜.一种改进的图像模糊增强法[J].生命科学仪器,2006,4(6):29-31.
[9]李军.一种改进的数字图像模糊增强算法[J].电子测量技术,2006,29(5):57-59.
[10]程丹松,黄建华.基于模糊理论的医学图像增强算法[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2007,39(3):436-437.
[11]唐磊.一种自适应路面图像模糊增强算法[J].光子学报,2007,(6):65-66.
[12]唐良瑞.基于模糊最大熵的红外图像增强算法[J].计算机工程与应用,2008,(9):200-202.
[13]邓亚明.基于模糊数学的图像处理方法[J].电脑开发与应用,2008,21(24):110-112.
[14]孙兆林.MATLAB图像处理[M].北京:清华人学出版社,2002.
[15]Y S.Choi,R.Krishnapuram,A Robust Approach to Image Enhancement Based on Fuzzy Logic,IEEE Transaction on Image Processing,June 1997,Vol.6, No.6.
[16]王琦.MATLAB基础与应用实例集粹[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2007.
[17]罗军辉.MATLAB7.0在图像处理中的应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[18]苏金明.MATLAB图形图像[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[19]Kamel Belkace-Boussaid,Azeddine Begh dadi.A New Image Smoothing Method Based on a Simple Model of Spatial Processing in the Early Stages of Human Vision,IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,2000,Vol.2.
[20]J.S.Lee,Digital Image Enhancement and Noising Filtering by Using of Local Statistics,IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,1980,Vol.PAMI-2:165-168.
[21]Lev.S.W.Zucker,A.Rosentfeld,Iterative Enhancement of Noisy Images,IEEE Trans.Syst.Man.Cybern.1977,Vol.SMC-7:435-441.
[22]L.S Davis and A.IEEE Trans.Syst,Rosenfeld,Noise Cleaning by Iterated Local Averaging,Man.Cybern.1978,Vol.SMC-8:705-710.
[23]马志锋,史彩成.自适应图像对比度模糊增强算法[J].激光与红外,2006,(3):221-223.
[24]谢维信.工程模糊数学[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1994.
[25]刘增良.模糊技术与神经网络技术选编[M].北京:北京航空航大学出版社,1999.
[26]J.L.Starck,E.Candes,D.L.Donoho.The Curvelet Transform for Image Denoising,IEEE Trans.Image Processing,Vol.11,June 2002:131-141.
[27]何新贵.模糊知识处理的理论与计算[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1999.
[28]Lotfi A.Zadeh,A fuzzy-set-theoretic interpretation of linguistic hedges,Journal of Cybernetic,1972,4(2).
[29]阮秋琦.数字图象处理学[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2001.
[30]王博.图像平滑与边缘检测的模糊向量描述[J].小型微型计算机系统,1999,20(6).
[31]H.D.Cheng,Yen-Hung Chen,Yingsun.A novel fuzzy entropy approach to image enhancement and thresholding.Signal Processing,1999,(75):277-301.
[32]安良.模糊理论及其在图像分割中的应用研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2003.
[33]http://watfor.uwaterloo.ca/tizhoosh/wfip.htm.
[34]Dong-ling Peng,Tie-jun Wu.A generalized image enhancement algorithm using fuzzy sets and its application.Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics,2002(9):820-823.
[35]刘政清,杨华,张骏.基于模糊集理论的红外图像自适应增强方法[J].制导与引信,2006,27(3):46-47.
[36]S.K.Pal,R.A.King.Image Enhancement Using Fuzzy Sets.Electron.Lett.1980,16(9):376-378.
[37]J.Han,K.K.Ma.Fuzzy color histogram and its use in color image retrieval.IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.2002,11(8):944-952.
[38]S.K.Pal,R.A.King.On Edge Detection of R-Ray Images Using Fuzzy Sets.IEEE.Trans.Patt.Anal and Machinelntell.1983,PAMI-5(1):69-77.
[39]刘习文,蒋艳荣,罗显光.一种改进的图像模糊增强算法[J].计算机工程与应用,2008,44(4):50-52.
[40]S.K.Pal,R.A.King.Image enhancement using fuzzy sets.Electron.Lett.1980,16(9):376-378.
[41]马志峰.改进的快速图像模糊边缘检测算法[J].激光与红外,2005,35(4):89-91.
[42]韩培友,董桂云,赫重阳.双线性广义模糊增强边界图像检测算法[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2005,17(2):301-302.
[43]蔡艳艳,徐力平.模糊逻辑法在矽肺X线图像增强中的应用[J].微计算机信息,2008,24(4):290-292.
[44]贺兴华.MATLAB 7.X图像处理[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2007.
[45]卢丽敏,周海银.一种基于遗传算法的图像增强方法[J].数学理论与应用,2000,23(1):95-97.
[46]FU Zhong-liang.Threshold value selection method of image.Computer Applications,2000,13(4):65-67.
[47]周德龙,潘泉,张洪才.图像边缘检测的改进算法[J].中国图像图形学报,2001,6(4):125-126.
[48]杜亚娟,潘泉,周德龙.图像多级灰度非线性模糊增强算法研究[J].数据采集与处理,2002,14(2):98-99.
[49]周德龙,赵志国.基于模糊集的图像增强算法研究[J].电子与信息学报,2002,7(6):135-136.
[50]王明照,胡浩,杨杰.基于广义模糊集合的多级图像增强算法[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2001,25(4):112-113.
[51]李刚.数字图像的模糊增强方法[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2005.
[52]陈垚光.精通MATLAB GUI设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2008.
[53]全星慧,范武君,张华.基于MATLAB的数字图像处理课件设计[J].计算机与现代化,2008(7):71-72.
[54]杨新华,王艳,段永军.基于MATLAB的图像增强处理系统的设计与实现[J].火力与指挥控制,2008,33(6):144-145.
[2]X.Yang,P.S.Ton,Adaptive Fuzzy Multilevel Median Filter,IEEE Trans.Image Processing,May 1995,Vol.4,pp.680-682.
[3]F.Russo,G.Rampom.Edge Extraction by FIRE Operators,In Proc.Third IEEE Int.Corlf.Fuzzy Systems,Orlando.FL.1994:249-253.
[4]洪明坚.图像增强的自适应直方图修正算法研究及其应用[D].重庆:重庆大学,2002.
[5]刘忠仁,孙圣和.基于模糊神经网络的脉冲噪声滤波器[J].中国图形图像学报,2001,6(4):63-64.
[6]朱菊华,杨新,施鹏飞.基于纹理分析的保细节平滑滤波器[J].中国图形图像学报,2001,6(11):134-136.
[7]M.van der Schaar,H.Radha.Adaptive Motion-Compensation Fine-Granular-Scalability(AMC-FGS) for Wireless Video.IEEE Trans.Circuit and systems for video technology,12(6),2002:360-371.
[8]张炜.一种改进的图像模糊增强法[J].生命科学仪器,2006,4(6):29-31.
[9]李军.一种改进的数字图像模糊增强算法[J].电子测量技术,2006,29(5):57-59.
[10]程丹松,黄建华.基于模糊理论的医学图像增强算法[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2007,39(3):436-437.
[11]唐磊.一种自适应路面图像模糊增强算法[J].光子学报,2007,(6):65-66.
[12]唐良瑞.基于模糊最大熵的红外图像增强算法[J].计算机工程与应用,2008,(9):200-202.
[13]邓亚明.基于模糊数学的图像处理方法[J].电脑开发与应用,2008,21(24):110-112.
[14]孙兆林.MATLAB图像处理[M].北京:清华人学出版社,2002.
[15]Y S.Choi,R.Krishnapuram,A Robust Approach to Image Enhancement Based on Fuzzy Logic,IEEE Transaction on Image Processing,June 1997,Vol.6, No.6.
[16]王琦.MATLAB基础与应用实例集粹[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2007.
[17]罗军辉.MATLAB7.0在图像处理中的应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[18]苏金明.MATLAB图形图像[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[19]Kamel Belkace-Boussaid,Azeddine Begh dadi.A New Image Smoothing Method Based on a Simple Model of Spatial Processing in the Early Stages of Human Vision,IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,2000,Vol.2.
[20]J.S.Lee,Digital Image Enhancement and Noising Filtering by Using of Local Statistics,IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,1980,Vol.PAMI-2:165-168.
[21]Lev.S.W.Zucker,A.Rosentfeld,Iterative Enhancement of Noisy Images,IEEE Trans.Syst.Man.Cybern.1977,Vol.SMC-7:435-441.
[22]L.S Davis and A.IEEE Trans.Syst,Rosenfeld,Noise Cleaning by Iterated Local Averaging,Man.Cybern.1978,Vol.SMC-8:705-710.
[23]马志锋,史彩成.自适应图像对比度模糊增强算法[J].激光与红外,2006,(3):221-223.
[24]谢维信.工程模糊数学[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1994.
[25]刘增良.模糊技术与神经网络技术选编[M].北京:北京航空航大学出版社,1999.
[26]J.L.Starck,E.Candes,D.L.Donoho.The Curvelet Transform for Image Denoising,IEEE Trans.Image Processing,Vol.11,June 2002:131-141.
[27]何新贵.模糊知识处理的理论与计算[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1999.
[28]Lotfi A.Zadeh,A fuzzy-set-theoretic interpretation of linguistic hedges,Journal of Cybernetic,1972,4(2).
[29]阮秋琦.数字图象处理学[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2001.
[30]王博.图像平滑与边缘检测的模糊向量描述[J].小型微型计算机系统,1999,20(6).
[31]H.D.Cheng,Yen-Hung Chen,Yingsun.A novel fuzzy entropy approach to image enhancement and thresholding.Signal Processing,1999,(75):277-301.
[32]安良.模糊理论及其在图像分割中的应用研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2003.
[33]http://watfor.uwaterloo.ca/tizhoosh/wfip.htm.
[34]Dong-ling Peng,Tie-jun Wu.A generalized image enhancement algorithm using fuzzy sets and its application.Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics,2002(9):820-823.
[35]刘政清,杨华,张骏.基于模糊集理论的红外图像自适应增强方法[J].制导与引信,2006,27(3):46-47.
[36]S.K.Pal,R.A.King.Image Enhancement Using Fuzzy Sets.Electron.Lett.1980,16(9):376-378.
[37]J.Han,K.K.Ma.Fuzzy color histogram and its use in color image retrieval.IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.2002,11(8):944-952.
[38]S.K.Pal,R.A.King.On Edge Detection of R-Ray Images Using Fuzzy Sets.IEEE.Trans.Patt.Anal and Machinelntell.1983,PAMI-5(1):69-77.
[39]刘习文,蒋艳荣,罗显光.一种改进的图像模糊增强算法[J].计算机工程与应用,2008,44(4):50-52.
[40]S.K.Pal,R.A.King.Image enhancement using fuzzy sets.Electron.Lett.1980,16(9):376-378.
[41]马志峰.改进的快速图像模糊边缘检测算法[J].激光与红外,2005,35(4):89-91.
[42]韩培友,董桂云,赫重阳.双线性广义模糊增强边界图像检测算法[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2005,17(2):301-302.
[43]蔡艳艳,徐力平.模糊逻辑法在矽肺X线图像增强中的应用[J].微计算机信息,2008,24(4):290-292.
[44]贺兴华.MATLAB 7.X图像处理[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2007.
[45]卢丽敏,周海银.一种基于遗传算法的图像增强方法[J].数学理论与应用,2000,23(1):95-97.
[46]FU Zhong-liang.Threshold value selection method of image.Computer Applications,2000,13(4):65-67.
[47]周德龙,潘泉,张洪才.图像边缘检测的改进算法[J].中国图像图形学报,2001,6(4):125-126.
[48]杜亚娟,潘泉,周德龙.图像多级灰度非线性模糊增强算法研究[J].数据采集与处理,2002,14(2):98-99.
[49]周德龙,赵志国.基于模糊集的图像增强算法研究[J].电子与信息学报,2002,7(6):135-136.
[50]王明照,胡浩,杨杰.基于广义模糊集合的多级图像增强算法[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2001,25(4):112-113.
[51]李刚.数字图像的模糊增强方法[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2005.
[52]陈垚光.精通MATLAB GUI设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2008.
[53]全星慧,范武君,张华.基于MATLAB的数字图像处理课件设计[J].计算机与现代化,2008(7):71-72.
[54]杨新华,王艳,段永军.基于MATLAB的图像增强处理系统的设计与实现[J].火力与指挥控制,2008,33(6):144-145.