可重构制造系统的关键技术研究
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摘要
随着全球经济竞争的日趋激烈,企业的生存环境在剧烈的、不可预测的变化着.为适应这种变化,制造企业需要发展一种能够通过产品结构调整和制造系统的快速重构,以满足顾客对产品个性化的要求的新型制造系统。可重构制造系统就是在这一背景下被提出的,它能够适应市场需求变化,快速调整制造过程、生产功能和生产能力。
可重构制造系统作为先进制造模式的新型制造系统,受到了理论界和工程界的广泛关注和深入研究,但是可重构制造系统理论和技术正处于发展阶段,还需要进一步研究支持制造系统进行重构的方法和技术。因此,对可重构制造系统的若干关键技术进行研究具有重要的意义。
论文主要包括以下几方面的内容：
(1)阐述了制造系统的发展及可重构制造与其它两种制造模式的区别,论述了可重构制造系统的定义、特征、组成及关键技术,介绍了国内外对可重构制造系统理论的研究现状,并提出了本文所研究的几项关键技术问题。
(2)论述了制造系统的各种建模方法,并进行分析比较,提出了基于广义随机Petri网的可重构制造系统的建模方法。阐述了Petri网的基本理论,分析广义随机Petri网在制造系统中的建模应用。采用自下而上的广义随机Petri网建模方法,对实例中的可重构制造系统进行建模和分析。
(3)制造系统设备布局的优劣对可重构制造系统性能有着重要的影响,根据实际情况建立了两种类型的设备布局数学模型,针对设备布局问题属于NP完全问题,提出了采用遗传算法工具箱进行求解,并引入了QUEST仿真工具对求得的最优布局设备序列进行仿真优化。
(4)根据可重构机床设计理念,对可重构机床的机械系统模块化设计方法进行了较深入地探讨。通过对工件工艺特征进行辨认,制定、区分和组合出加工工序。利用旋量理论建立机床基本功能模块的运动学表达式,并在此基础上完成机床机械系统的运动功能模块的建模,最后得到可重构机床模块配置结构。
(5)阐述了设备故障诊断的重要意义,对基于知识的故障诊断方法进行了探讨,着重研究了基于模糊Petri网的故障诊断,以及推理算法,并以机床电主轴故障事例进行研究分析。
With the intensive competition of the global economy, manufacturing environment for the enterprises is undergoing dramatic and unpredictable changes. So the manufacturing enterprises must develop a new manufacturing system that can satisfy the individual needs of the different customers by means of adjusting product structures and rapidly reconfiguring the manufacturing system. Reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMS) are put forward in such condition. It can adapt to the changes for market demands, quickly adjust manufacturing process, function and capacity.
As a new advanced manufacturing system, RMS has been increasingly paid attention to, and has been carried out deep research in the area of theory and application. But the theories and the technologies of RMS are at an initial stage of development, the further reseach for the methods and technologies promote manufacturing systems to be reconfigurated is needed.So there are significant meanings to carry out researches on key technologies of RMS.
This paper mainly includes the contents for the following aspects:
(1) The developments and evolution for manufacturing systems are expounded and the differences between RMS and other two manufacturing patterns are discussed.The definition, characteristics, composition and key technologies of RMS are studied, and the current situation of research on the theories for RMS at home and abroad is introduced.The key technologies researched in this paper are proposed.
(2) All kinds of modeling methods of manufacturing systems are discussed, and the analysis and comparison of them are made this paper. A modular modeling approach based Generalized Stochastic Petri nets (GSPN) is presented. The basic theory of Petri nets is described and the modeling and application of GSPN in the manufacturing systems are analysed. Based on bottom-up method, the modeling and analysis for RMS given in the example are carried out.
(3) Whether the machine layout is proper or not affects the performance of RMS seriously. According to actual situation, two kinds of mathematical models for facility layout are established and with respect to the fact the facility layout problem belongs to NP compelet one, the Genetic Algorithm (GA) toolbox is used to solve the problem.Then the QUEST is introduced to simulate and optimize the optimal sequence of layout obtained through GA.
(4) According to design theory of reconfigurable machine tool (RMT), the design method of mechanical modular for RMT is discussed deeply. The process characteristics of the workpiece are identified, and the processing operations are formulated, distincted and combined. The kinematics expression of basic functional modules for machine tool is established by screw theory, and then the motor function module of machine mechanical system is completed. Finally, the modular configuration of RMS is gained.
(5) The important meanings of facility fault diagnosis for RMS are expounded and the methods of fault diagnosis based on knowledge are discussed. Fault diagnosis based on fuzzy Petri net and its reasoning algorithm are studied emphatically, then the example about faults of spindle for machine tool is researched and analyzed.
可重构制造系统作为先进制造模式的新型制造系统,受到了理论界和工程界的广泛关注和深入研究,但是可重构制造系统理论和技术正处于发展阶段,还需要进一步研究支持制造系统进行重构的方法和技术。因此,对可重构制造系统的若干关键技术进行研究具有重要的意义。
论文主要包括以下几方面的内容：
(1)阐述了制造系统的发展及可重构制造与其它两种制造模式的区别,论述了可重构制造系统的定义、特征、组成及关键技术,介绍了国内外对可重构制造系统理论的研究现状,并提出了本文所研究的几项关键技术问题。
(2)论述了制造系统的各种建模方法,并进行分析比较,提出了基于广义随机Petri网的可重构制造系统的建模方法。阐述了Petri网的基本理论,分析广义随机Petri网在制造系统中的建模应用。采用自下而上的广义随机Petri网建模方法,对实例中的可重构制造系统进行建模和分析。
(3)制造系统设备布局的优劣对可重构制造系统性能有着重要的影响,根据实际情况建立了两种类型的设备布局数学模型,针对设备布局问题属于NP完全问题,提出了采用遗传算法工具箱进行求解,并引入了QUEST仿真工具对求得的最优布局设备序列进行仿真优化。
(4)根据可重构机床设计理念,对可重构机床的机械系统模块化设计方法进行了较深入地探讨。通过对工件工艺特征进行辨认,制定、区分和组合出加工工序。利用旋量理论建立机床基本功能模块的运动学表达式,并在此基础上完成机床机械系统的运动功能模块的建模,最后得到可重构机床模块配置结构。
(5)阐述了设备故障诊断的重要意义,对基于知识的故障诊断方法进行了探讨,着重研究了基于模糊Petri网的故障诊断,以及推理算法,并以机床电主轴故障事例进行研究分析。
With the intensive competition of the global economy, manufacturing environment for the enterprises is undergoing dramatic and unpredictable changes. So the manufacturing enterprises must develop a new manufacturing system that can satisfy the individual needs of the different customers by means of adjusting product structures and rapidly reconfiguring the manufacturing system. Reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMS) are put forward in such condition. It can adapt to the changes for market demands, quickly adjust manufacturing process, function and capacity.
As a new advanced manufacturing system, RMS has been increasingly paid attention to, and has been carried out deep research in the area of theory and application. But the theories and the technologies of RMS are at an initial stage of development, the further reseach for the methods and technologies promote manufacturing systems to be reconfigurated is needed.So there are significant meanings to carry out researches on key technologies of RMS.
This paper mainly includes the contents for the following aspects:
(1) The developments and evolution for manufacturing systems are expounded and the differences between RMS and other two manufacturing patterns are discussed.The definition, characteristics, composition and key technologies of RMS are studied, and the current situation of research on the theories for RMS at home and abroad is introduced.The key technologies researched in this paper are proposed.
(2) All kinds of modeling methods of manufacturing systems are discussed, and the analysis and comparison of them are made this paper. A modular modeling approach based Generalized Stochastic Petri nets (GSPN) is presented. The basic theory of Petri nets is described and the modeling and application of GSPN in the manufacturing systems are analysed. Based on bottom-up method, the modeling and analysis for RMS given in the example are carried out.
(3) Whether the machine layout is proper or not affects the performance of RMS seriously. According to actual situation, two kinds of mathematical models for facility layout are established and with respect to the fact the facility layout problem belongs to NP compelet one, the Genetic Algorithm (GA) toolbox is used to solve the problem.Then the QUEST is introduced to simulate and optimize the optimal sequence of layout obtained through GA.
(4) According to design theory of reconfigurable machine tool (RMT), the design method of mechanical modular for RMT is discussed deeply. The process characteristics of the workpiece are identified, and the processing operations are formulated, distincted and combined. The kinematics expression of basic functional modules for machine tool is established by screw theory, and then the motor function module of machine mechanical system is completed. Finally, the modular configuration of RMS is gained.
(5) The important meanings of facility fault diagnosis for RMS are expounded and the methods of fault diagnosis based on knowledge are discussed. Fault diagnosis based on fuzzy Petri net and its reasoning algorithm are studied emphatically, then the example about faults of spindle for machine tool is researched and analyzed.
引文
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