铁路有砟轨道下沉及高低不平顺发展预测研究
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摘要
随着铁路向高速、重载方向发展,有砟轨道在列车动荷载作用下承受的振动与冲击增加,轨道破坏速度加剧,线路养护维修工作量增加,而可供养护维修作业的时间越来越少,出现了运输和养护维修之间的矛盾。如何更好地处理这一矛盾,是现代铁路轨道养护维修管理亟待解决的问题。高(快)速行车条件下,及时了解和掌控轨道状态及其变化规律,合理制订一套能有效处理运输和养护维修之间矛盾的管理体系是时代发展的趋势和必然要求,而我国在轨道管理方面,无论是基础理论研究还是系统开发应用与国外铁路发达国家相比,都存在一定差距。因此,在我国高(快)速铁路大力发展之际,不失时机地开展轨道管理基础研究工作,具有重要意义。
本文在简要概述国内外铁路轨道维修管理状况、轨道管理基础理论研究与应用系统开发以及车辆-轨道耦合动力学研究历史和现状基础上,针对铁路车辆、轨道、线路基础间的动态相互作用问题,提出将车辆-轨道耦合振动系统与轨道下沉变形相结合,以车辆动力学、轨道动力学、轨道下沉变形机理为基础,应用计算机数值仿真方法研究铁路轨道在车辆移动荷载作用下的下沉变形以及由此产生的轨道不平顺动态变化,预测轨道不平顺发展的研究思路。轨道累积下沉计算模型与车辆-轨道耦合振动模型是轨道累积下沉及不平顺发展仿真预测的基础。为此,本文总结分析了国内外现有轨道下沉模型及其特点,为选择合适的模型作为仿真分析之用奠定了基础。
轨道不平顺发展是衡量轨道下沉破坏的重要指标之一。本文对轨道不平顺含义、分类及轨道不平顺有关特性阐述基础上,着重总结了轨道不平顺管理标准、不平顺发展预测两方面的研究状况及存在的问题。在对国内外轨道高低不平顺发展预测研究方法总结基础上,提出了基于轨道下沉和轨面高低不平顺发展间关系的高低不平顺发展预测模型。
基于车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论思想,建立了具有二系悬挂的整车车辆-轨道垂向耦合动力学模型。模型中轨道采用三层弹性离散点支承梁模型,能充分反映道床的动力影响和模拟道床板结、轨枕空吊等局部动力性不平顺的影响。通过仿真算例,验证了车辆-轨道垂向耦合动力学模型和仿真程序的正确性。
基于京广线K80+000～K160+000区间轨道不平顺动态检测数据,应用数理统计方法,对轨道动态不平顺进行了统计分析。以高低不平顺为例,研究了轨道不平顺的概率分布特征。分析了轨道不平顺区段最大值和区段标准差间相关关系以及不同单元区段划分长度对两者相关关系的影响。再现了实际轨道不平顺发展变化规律,分析了不同轨道结构条件、线路基础条件以及运营条件对轨道不平顺状态、概率分布及其发展变化的影响。在上述统计分析基础上,分析讨论了基于不平顺概率分布特征的不平顺发展统计预测方法,比较了几种统计预测模型的预测效果和预测精度,分析了状态转移概率矩阵法在不平顺发展预测方面的应用。根据轨道状态发展变化规律,建立了轨道状态长时性发展预测模型,通过算例,分析了预测模型的可行性。
应用轨道动态下沉研究方法,通过将车辆-轨道垂向耦合动力学模型、轨道下沉模型和高低不平顺发展模型相联系开发仿真程序,分析了有砟轨道动态下沉特性,探讨了有砟轨道下沉主要影响参数,提出在有砟轨道结构设计中要考虑轨道下沉变形影响。
轨道累积下沉和高低不平顺发展间存在一定关系。以既有线轨道结构参数、运营条件为仿真参数,利用仿真分析程序,分析了实际线路轨道不平顺发展状况和发展变化规律,并与实测状况进行了对照,验证了仿真预测方法的可行性。
With the development of high-speed and heavy railways, ballasted tracks endure more vibration and impact. Under this condition, track deterioration speed quickens and track maintenance workload increases. But the time for maintenance becomes more and more few. Thus, the contradiction between transportation and maintenance appears. It is an important problem that how solves this contradiction well for railway track management. These are the tendency and requests for time development to understand and master track states and change laws of track states promptly and to work out a set of management system. The management system can help to deal with above contradiction well. However, regardless of the basic theory research or studies on development and application of management information system, there are large gaps existing among home and overseas whose railways have developed. Therefore, it is very significant to commence instantaneously the basic study on track maintenance and management under the condition that the fast and high-speed railways develop vigorously at home.
This thesis briefly reviews the domestic and abroad railway maintenance and management survey, the basic theory research and the exploitation of information system for track management, the history and the current situation of the vehicle-track coupled dynamics. On the basis of above studies, directed at the dynamic reciprocity between railway vehicle, track and track base, the thesis proposes the following research thinking that the vehicle-track coupled vibration system and track settlement are combined, regarding the vehicle dynamics, the track dynamics and the track settlement law as foundations, the track settlement due to moving loads of railway vehicles and the dynamic changes of track irregularity can be studied by numerical simulation method. The track settlement model and the vehicle-track coupled dynamics model are the bases for studies on track accumulative settlement and growth forecast of track irregularity. So the existing track settlement models at home and abroad are summarized and analyzed to lay the foundation for selecting appropriate models for simulation. The growth of track irregularity is one of important methods to evaluate track settlement deterioration. On the basis of describing the meanings, classify and characteristic of track irregularity, the research survey and the existing problems about management standards and growth forecast of track irregularity are summarized. And on the basis of summarizing the methods for track irregularity growth forecast at home and abroad, the growth forecast model for track vertical profile irregularity is proposed. The model is established based on the relationship between track settlement and track vertical profile irregularity growth.
The vertical vehicle-track coupled dynamics model considering secondary suspension is established based on the vehicle-track coupled dynamics theory. In this model, the track is modeled as a beam laid on three layer supports which are elastic and discrete. The track model can display the effect of local dynamic irregularity such as ballast hardening, sleeper hanging on track vibrations. By simulation examples, the vehicle-track coupled dynamics model and the simulation program are validated.
Based on the dynamic data of track irregularity inspected by track inspection railcar on the K80+000～K160+000 Jing-Guang railway line, applying the statistics method, the detailed statistic analyses on track irregularity are done. The probability distribution characteristic of track irregularity is investigated taking the track vertical profile irregularity as example. The correlativity of section maximum and section standard deviation of track irregularity is studied. The influences of different section lengths on the correlativity of section maximum and section standard deviation of track irregularity are also discussed. The actual track irregularity growth laws are presented using the inspected irregularity data. The influences of track structure conditions, railway base conditions and railway operation conditions on irregularity states, irregularity probability distributions and changes of irregularity probability distribution are analyzed. On the basis of above statistic analyses, the statistic forecast methods based on the probability distribution characteristic of track irregularity are discussed, the forecast feasibility and reliability are validated by comparing forecast values with inspected data. The forecast effect and forecast precision of different statistic forecast models of irregularity growth are compared, and the application of the situation transition probability matrix method in irregularity growth forecast is also discussed. Based on the actual growth laws of track irregularity, the long-time growth forecast model of track state is estabished. By examples, the forecast feasibility of above model is analyzed.
Applying the research method of track dynamic settlement, by combining the vehicle-track coupled dynamics model, the track settlement model and the irregularity growth model, the simulation program is compiled. Using the program, the dynamic settlement characteristic of ballasted track is analyzed, and the main effect parameters of track settlement are also discussed. The proposal is put forward that track settlement deformation should be considered in the structure design of railway ballasted track.
There is a certain relationship between track accumulative settlement and track irregularity growth. By taking the track parameters and transportation conditions of existing railway main line as simulation parameters, using above simulation program, the actual growth state and the growth law of track vertical profile irregularity of existing railway main line are analyzed and compared with the actual inspection data. By comparing, the forecast feasibility of track vertical profile irregularity growth by simulation is validated.
本文在简要概述国内外铁路轨道维修管理状况、轨道管理基础理论研究与应用系统开发以及车辆-轨道耦合动力学研究历史和现状基础上,针对铁路车辆、轨道、线路基础间的动态相互作用问题,提出将车辆-轨道耦合振动系统与轨道下沉变形相结合,以车辆动力学、轨道动力学、轨道下沉变形机理为基础,应用计算机数值仿真方法研究铁路轨道在车辆移动荷载作用下的下沉变形以及由此产生的轨道不平顺动态变化,预测轨道不平顺发展的研究思路。轨道累积下沉计算模型与车辆-轨道耦合振动模型是轨道累积下沉及不平顺发展仿真预测的基础。为此,本文总结分析了国内外现有轨道下沉模型及其特点,为选择合适的模型作为仿真分析之用奠定了基础。
轨道不平顺发展是衡量轨道下沉破坏的重要指标之一。本文对轨道不平顺含义、分类及轨道不平顺有关特性阐述基础上,着重总结了轨道不平顺管理标准、不平顺发展预测两方面的研究状况及存在的问题。在对国内外轨道高低不平顺发展预测研究方法总结基础上,提出了基于轨道下沉和轨面高低不平顺发展间关系的高低不平顺发展预测模型。
基于车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论思想,建立了具有二系悬挂的整车车辆-轨道垂向耦合动力学模型。模型中轨道采用三层弹性离散点支承梁模型,能充分反映道床的动力影响和模拟道床板结、轨枕空吊等局部动力性不平顺的影响。通过仿真算例,验证了车辆-轨道垂向耦合动力学模型和仿真程序的正确性。
基于京广线K80+000～K160+000区间轨道不平顺动态检测数据,应用数理统计方法,对轨道动态不平顺进行了统计分析。以高低不平顺为例,研究了轨道不平顺的概率分布特征。分析了轨道不平顺区段最大值和区段标准差间相关关系以及不同单元区段划分长度对两者相关关系的影响。再现了实际轨道不平顺发展变化规律,分析了不同轨道结构条件、线路基础条件以及运营条件对轨道不平顺状态、概率分布及其发展变化的影响。在上述统计分析基础上,分析讨论了基于不平顺概率分布特征的不平顺发展统计预测方法,比较了几种统计预测模型的预测效果和预测精度,分析了状态转移概率矩阵法在不平顺发展预测方面的应用。根据轨道状态发展变化规律,建立了轨道状态长时性发展预测模型,通过算例,分析了预测模型的可行性。
应用轨道动态下沉研究方法,通过将车辆-轨道垂向耦合动力学模型、轨道下沉模型和高低不平顺发展模型相联系开发仿真程序,分析了有砟轨道动态下沉特性,探讨了有砟轨道下沉主要影响参数,提出在有砟轨道结构设计中要考虑轨道下沉变形影响。
轨道累积下沉和高低不平顺发展间存在一定关系。以既有线轨道结构参数、运营条件为仿真参数,利用仿真分析程序,分析了实际线路轨道不平顺发展状况和发展变化规律,并与实测状况进行了对照,验证了仿真预测方法的可行性。
With the development of high-speed and heavy railways, ballasted tracks endure more vibration and impact. Under this condition, track deterioration speed quickens and track maintenance workload increases. But the time for maintenance becomes more and more few. Thus, the contradiction between transportation and maintenance appears. It is an important problem that how solves this contradiction well for railway track management. These are the tendency and requests for time development to understand and master track states and change laws of track states promptly and to work out a set of management system. The management system can help to deal with above contradiction well. However, regardless of the basic theory research or studies on development and application of management information system, there are large gaps existing among home and overseas whose railways have developed. Therefore, it is very significant to commence instantaneously the basic study on track maintenance and management under the condition that the fast and high-speed railways develop vigorously at home.
This thesis briefly reviews the domestic and abroad railway maintenance and management survey, the basic theory research and the exploitation of information system for track management, the history and the current situation of the vehicle-track coupled dynamics. On the basis of above studies, directed at the dynamic reciprocity between railway vehicle, track and track base, the thesis proposes the following research thinking that the vehicle-track coupled vibration system and track settlement are combined, regarding the vehicle dynamics, the track dynamics and the track settlement law as foundations, the track settlement due to moving loads of railway vehicles and the dynamic changes of track irregularity can be studied by numerical simulation method. The track settlement model and the vehicle-track coupled dynamics model are the bases for studies on track accumulative settlement and growth forecast of track irregularity. So the existing track settlement models at home and abroad are summarized and analyzed to lay the foundation for selecting appropriate models for simulation. The growth of track irregularity is one of important methods to evaluate track settlement deterioration. On the basis of describing the meanings, classify and characteristic of track irregularity, the research survey and the existing problems about management standards and growth forecast of track irregularity are summarized. And on the basis of summarizing the methods for track irregularity growth forecast at home and abroad, the growth forecast model for track vertical profile irregularity is proposed. The model is established based on the relationship between track settlement and track vertical profile irregularity growth.
The vertical vehicle-track coupled dynamics model considering secondary suspension is established based on the vehicle-track coupled dynamics theory. In this model, the track is modeled as a beam laid on three layer supports which are elastic and discrete. The track model can display the effect of local dynamic irregularity such as ballast hardening, sleeper hanging on track vibrations. By simulation examples, the vehicle-track coupled dynamics model and the simulation program are validated.
Based on the dynamic data of track irregularity inspected by track inspection railcar on the K80+000～K160+000 Jing-Guang railway line, applying the statistics method, the detailed statistic analyses on track irregularity are done. The probability distribution characteristic of track irregularity is investigated taking the track vertical profile irregularity as example. The correlativity of section maximum and section standard deviation of track irregularity is studied. The influences of different section lengths on the correlativity of section maximum and section standard deviation of track irregularity are also discussed. The actual track irregularity growth laws are presented using the inspected irregularity data. The influences of track structure conditions, railway base conditions and railway operation conditions on irregularity states, irregularity probability distributions and changes of irregularity probability distribution are analyzed. On the basis of above statistic analyses, the statistic forecast methods based on the probability distribution characteristic of track irregularity are discussed, the forecast feasibility and reliability are validated by comparing forecast values with inspected data. The forecast effect and forecast precision of different statistic forecast models of irregularity growth are compared, and the application of the situation transition probability matrix method in irregularity growth forecast is also discussed. Based on the actual growth laws of track irregularity, the long-time growth forecast model of track state is estabished. By examples, the forecast feasibility of above model is analyzed.
Applying the research method of track dynamic settlement, by combining the vehicle-track coupled dynamics model, the track settlement model and the irregularity growth model, the simulation program is compiled. Using the program, the dynamic settlement characteristic of ballasted track is analyzed, and the main effect parameters of track settlement are also discussed. The proposal is put forward that track settlement deformation should be considered in the structure design of railway ballasted track.
There is a certain relationship between track accumulative settlement and track irregularity growth. By taking the track parameters and transportation conditions of existing railway main line as simulation parameters, using above simulation program, the actual growth state and the growth law of track vertical profile irregularity of existing railway main line are analyzed and compared with the actual inspection data. By comparing, the forecast feasibility of track vertical profile irregularity growth by simulation is validated.
引文
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