玫瑰精油系列产品的提取及工艺研究
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摘要
被称作花中皇后的玫瑰原产于亚洲东部。玫瑰种类繁多、颜色各异、香味浓郁。可用于插花、食品、香料以及药用等,有很好的经济价值。玫瑰的重要用途是提取可用于香水和化妆品的瑰精油。精油是复杂的混合物,包括几百种痕量组分,微量成分在产生玫瑰油特征香味中起到重要的作用,玫瑰油的特征和自然地香味正是这些芳香组分共同贡献的结果。因此,从植物中提取精油产品的生产过程,有个重要的要求就是保持玫瑰中芳香物质的自然比例。许多不同的技术已用于从玫瑰花瓣中提取玫瑰精油,如水蒸汽蒸馏,溶剂萃取,超临界二氧化碳萃取和分子蒸馏。苦水是全国最大的玫瑰产业化基地,玫瑰种植面积占全国的60%以上,但因提取方法落后,苦水玫瑰精油腊味重,不受市场欢迎。
本工作依托本地资源,根据对玫瑰精油检测结果,以苦水玫瑰干花瓣为原料,提出常温低压在无水环境中提取玫瑰浸膏、净油和精油等系列产品新工艺。该工艺第一步,以丁烷为溶剂,采用常温低压条件提取玫瑰浸膏,通过实验研究,确定提取温度10～20℃,提取压力低于0.4Mpa,玫瑰浸膏的提取率达到0.42%；第二步,冷冻离心分离制玫瑰净油,实验结果,物溶比由常规1：9提升至1：1.5；最后,在减压条件下旋转蒸发,提纯玫瑰精油,蒸发温度80℃～90℃。因为过程提取温度低,产品组分不发生变化,得到的玫瑰精油在香气、色泽和纯度方面都优于常规提取方法。提取条件温和,易于工业化实现。最后,使用Aspen Plus模拟软件对玫瑰油减压旋蒸过程进行了尝试性模拟,采用降膜蒸发模块加气液分离模块模拟旋转蒸发部分,得到了模拟结果。
The rose is widely regarded as the queen of fragrant flowers. Besides these, a great variety of garden roses also exist, which are wide range of different for fragrance and more for color and shape. As one of the economically most important ornamental crops, people use rose in multi-purpose such as flower arrangement, foods and spices, as well as for medicinal purposes. As an important product of Rosa Rugosa, the essential oils are also widely used for perfumes and cosmetics. Rose essential are complex mixtures which constituted by hundreds of trace components.The oils fragrance is the result of the combinations of all aromas components. Trace components are important to the oils characteristic and natural odor. Thus,, there is an important requirement that the production process of the essential oils extracted from plants is to keep the roses in the proportion of natural aromatic substances. Many different techniques have been used to extract essential oils from rose petals, e.g. steam distillation, solvent extraction, high-pressure carbon dioxide extraction and molecular distillation.
Kushui is the largest production base of the rose. Rose cultivation area accounts for more than 60% of the country. But because of the backward production methods, the Rosa rugosa Yuet Tu essential is smelled bad, and not welcomed by the market.
This work relies on local resources, based on the detection of rose oil, used dried rose petals for raw materials, design a new process which is in room temperature, low-pressure conditions and without water participation to extract rose products such as rose concrets, rose absolute and rose essential oils. The first step of the process is use butane as solvent, to extract rose concrets in room temperature and low-pressure conditions.Through the studies of experimental to determine the extraction condition which is in 10～20℃temperature, less than 0.4Mpa extraction pressure, the extraction rate is 0.42%.The second step is to product rose absolute using frozen centrifugation, the results of experimental is the ratio of materials and solvents from the conventional 1:9 increased to 1:1.5.Finally, in the vacuum conditions rotary evaporator rose absolute to product rose essential oils,the evaporation temperature is 80℃～90℃. Because of the low temperature extraction condition, the composition of product without chemical change,it get the rose oil in the aroma, color and purity are superior to the product that in conventional extraction methods. Under mild extraction conditions, the new process is easy to realized in industrialization. Finally, use the software Aspen Plus simulat the process of rose oil vacuum rotary distillation, using ASPEN HTFS modules plus B-Jac modules simulate the process of rotary evaporator and gas-liquid separator section, the simulation results is obtained.
本工作依托本地资源,根据对玫瑰精油检测结果,以苦水玫瑰干花瓣为原料,提出常温低压在无水环境中提取玫瑰浸膏、净油和精油等系列产品新工艺。该工艺第一步,以丁烷为溶剂,采用常温低压条件提取玫瑰浸膏,通过实验研究,确定提取温度10～20℃,提取压力低于0.4Mpa,玫瑰浸膏的提取率达到0.42%；第二步,冷冻离心分离制玫瑰净油,实验结果,物溶比由常规1：9提升至1：1.5；最后,在减压条件下旋转蒸发,提纯玫瑰精油,蒸发温度80℃～90℃。因为过程提取温度低,产品组分不发生变化,得到的玫瑰精油在香气、色泽和纯度方面都优于常规提取方法。提取条件温和,易于工业化实现。最后,使用Aspen Plus模拟软件对玫瑰油减压旋蒸过程进行了尝试性模拟,采用降膜蒸发模块加气液分离模块模拟旋转蒸发部分,得到了模拟结果。
The rose is widely regarded as the queen of fragrant flowers. Besides these, a great variety of garden roses also exist, which are wide range of different for fragrance and more for color and shape. As one of the economically most important ornamental crops, people use rose in multi-purpose such as flower arrangement, foods and spices, as well as for medicinal purposes. As an important product of Rosa Rugosa, the essential oils are also widely used for perfumes and cosmetics. Rose essential are complex mixtures which constituted by hundreds of trace components.The oils fragrance is the result of the combinations of all aromas components. Trace components are important to the oils characteristic and natural odor. Thus,, there is an important requirement that the production process of the essential oils extracted from plants is to keep the roses in the proportion of natural aromatic substances. Many different techniques have been used to extract essential oils from rose petals, e.g. steam distillation, solvent extraction, high-pressure carbon dioxide extraction and molecular distillation.
Kushui is the largest production base of the rose. Rose cultivation area accounts for more than 60% of the country. But because of the backward production methods, the Rosa rugosa Yuet Tu essential is smelled bad, and not welcomed by the market.
This work relies on local resources, based on the detection of rose oil, used dried rose petals for raw materials, design a new process which is in room temperature, low-pressure conditions and without water participation to extract rose products such as rose concrets, rose absolute and rose essential oils. The first step of the process is use butane as solvent, to extract rose concrets in room temperature and low-pressure conditions.Through the studies of experimental to determine the extraction condition which is in 10～20℃temperature, less than 0.4Mpa extraction pressure, the extraction rate is 0.42%.The second step is to product rose absolute using frozen centrifugation, the results of experimental is the ratio of materials and solvents from the conventional 1:9 increased to 1:1.5.Finally, in the vacuum conditions rotary evaporator rose absolute to product rose essential oils,the evaporation temperature is 80℃～90℃. Because of the low temperature extraction condition, the composition of product without chemical change,it get the rose oil in the aroma, color and purity are superior to the product that in conventional extraction methods. Under mild extraction conditions, the new process is easy to realized in industrialization. Finally, use the software Aspen Plus simulat the process of rose oil vacuum rotary distillation, using ASPEN HTFS modules plus B-Jac modules simulate the process of rotary evaporator and gas-liquid separator section, the simulation results is obtained.
引文
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